Potential changes in forest composition could reduce impacts of
... that during which systematic fire detection was made by detection planes. We considered lightning fires from 1971 to 2009 only. Fires of size ,1 ha were not included as the database for these fires is considered incomplete (Boulanger et al. 2012). Fires ,10 ha of unknown origin were removed from the an ...
... that during which systematic fire detection was made by detection planes. We considered lightning fires from 1971 to 2009 only. Fires of size ,1 ha were not included as the database for these fires is considered incomplete (Boulanger et al. 2012). Fires ,10 ha of unknown origin were removed from the an ...
US CLIVAR Science Plan
... • Regular assessments of the changing climate system, together with its impacts on human and natural systems to establish a sound scientific basis for developing mitigation and adaptation options; and • Increased attention to the uncertainties and confidence limits of both observed and predicted ...
... • Regular assessments of the changing climate system, together with its impacts on human and natural systems to establish a sound scientific basis for developing mitigation and adaptation options; and • Increased attention to the uncertainties and confidence limits of both observed and predicted ...
Glacier changes during the past century in the Gangrigabu
... the northwestern slope of the Gangrigabu mountains have advanced 1117 and 1762 m, and their areas have increased 0.51 and 0.49 km2, respectively. The general pattern of glacier shrinkage during the last two decades can be attributed to climate warming in the region, while a less obvious total area r ...
... the northwestern slope of the Gangrigabu mountains have advanced 1117 and 1762 m, and their areas have increased 0.51 and 0.49 km2, respectively. The general pattern of glacier shrinkage during the last two decades can be attributed to climate warming in the region, while a less obvious total area r ...
Climate and Pest-Driven Geographic Shifts in Global Coffee
... encroach on natural forests, we project average local losses of 35% of threatened vertebrate species. The interaction of climate and coffee berry borer greatly influences projected outcomes. ...
... encroach on natural forests, we project average local losses of 35% of threatened vertebrate species. The interaction of climate and coffee berry borer greatly influences projected outcomes. ...
Carbon Disclosure Project
... This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that do not represent historical facts and may be based on underlying assumptions. SunPower uses words and phrases such as “goal,” “ob ...
... This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that do not represent historical facts and may be based on underlying assumptions. SunPower uses words and phrases such as “goal,” “ob ...
Climate change and challenges for tourism in Central America
... decades a warming of about 0.2°C per decade is projected for a range of SRES7 emissions scenarios. Even if the concentrations of all GHGs and aerosols had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of about 0.1°C per decade would be expected. Afterwards, temperature projections increa ...
... decades a warming of about 0.2°C per decade is projected for a range of SRES7 emissions scenarios. Even if the concentrations of all GHGs and aerosols had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of about 0.1°C per decade would be expected. Afterwards, temperature projections increa ...
Comparison of Climate Change Adaptation CRS Report for Congress
... Congress is currently considering major legislation related to climate change. Climate change responses have typically been categorized into two broad types: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation measures attempt to slow down the occurrence of climate change by, for example, reducing greenhouse gas ...
... Congress is currently considering major legislation related to climate change. Climate change responses have typically been categorized into two broad types: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation measures attempt to slow down the occurrence of climate change by, for example, reducing greenhouse gas ...
Warming and increased precipitation individually influence soil
... et al., 2010; Arnone et al., 2008) and soil respiration (Allison et al., 2010). In semi-arid grasslands, soil moisture is especially influential on the rates of plant growth and SOM decomposition, thereby influencing SOM accumulation from litter and plant root inputs. Simulations with parameters for p ...
... et al., 2010; Arnone et al., 2008) and soil respiration (Allison et al., 2010). In semi-arid grasslands, soil moisture is especially influential on the rates of plant growth and SOM decomposition, thereby influencing SOM accumulation from litter and plant root inputs. Simulations with parameters for p ...
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON REPORTING GREENHOUSE GAS
... calendar year 2016. This notice supports the annual mandatory reporting of GHG emissions by facilities under Environment and Climate Change Canada’s GHG Emissions Reporting Program (GHGRP). The reporting requirements for 2016 are the same as last year’s. As initiated for the reporting of 2013 emissi ...
... calendar year 2016. This notice supports the annual mandatory reporting of GHG emissions by facilities under Environment and Climate Change Canada’s GHG Emissions Reporting Program (GHGRP). The reporting requirements for 2016 are the same as last year’s. As initiated for the reporting of 2013 emissi ...
Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of
... determining that this product conforms with Section 515. For purposes of compliance with Section 515, this CCSP Synthesis and Assessment Product is an “interpreted product” as that term is used in NOAA guidelines and is classified as “highly influential”. This document does not express any regulator ...
... determining that this product conforms with Section 515. For purposes of compliance with Section 515, this CCSP Synthesis and Assessment Product is an “interpreted product” as that term is used in NOAA guidelines and is classified as “highly influential”. This document does not express any regulator ...
Demographics and Climate Change: Future Trends And their Policy
... Central Asia.6 By far the largest single country contributing to global population growth is India, which accounts for a projected 20% of the world’s population growth alone, and is likely to become the world’s most populous country around 2025. Other individual countries contributing significantly ...
... Central Asia.6 By far the largest single country contributing to global population growth is India, which accounts for a projected 20% of the world’s population growth alone, and is likely to become the world’s most populous country around 2025. Other individual countries contributing significantly ...
Climate change impacts on groundwater and soil temperatures in
... This review details the current state of knowledge regarding subsurface heat transport processes and the sensitivity of subsurface thermal regimes to climate change. The formal study of terrestrial heat transport was initiated when the theories described in Fourier's (1822) classic treatise on heat ...
... This review details the current state of knowledge regarding subsurface heat transport processes and the sensitivity of subsurface thermal regimes to climate change. The formal study of terrestrial heat transport was initiated when the theories described in Fourier's (1822) classic treatise on heat ...
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining
... 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-l ...
... 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-l ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe - Clima-net
... coastal zones, wetlands and the Mediterranean region are particularly vulnerable. Although there are some positive effects, many impacts are adverse. Existing adaptive measures are concentrated in flood defence, so there is considerable scope for adaptation planning and implementation in other areas ...
... coastal zones, wetlands and the Mediterranean region are particularly vulnerable. Although there are some positive effects, many impacts are adverse. Existing adaptive measures are concentrated in flood defence, so there is considerable scope for adaptation planning and implementation in other areas ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITIES AND
... global warming is mostly due to man-made emissions of greenhouse gases (mostly CO2). Over the last century, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide increased from a pre-industrial value of 278 parts per million to 379 parts per million in 2005, and the average global temperature rose by 0.74° C ...
... global warming is mostly due to man-made emissions of greenhouse gases (mostly CO2). Over the last century, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide increased from a pre-industrial value of 278 parts per million to 379 parts per million in 2005, and the average global temperature rose by 0.74° C ...
The use of the aridity index to assess climate
... identifies water-holding capacity of soil, infiltration capacity of soil, and the rate at which the water flows toward plant roots, as three possible causes. For example, if water-holding capacity of the soil is too small then saturation-excess runoff will occur even though aridity index may exceed ...
... identifies water-holding capacity of soil, infiltration capacity of soil, and the rate at which the water flows toward plant roots, as three possible causes. For example, if water-holding capacity of the soil is too small then saturation-excess runoff will occur even though aridity index may exceed ...
Key players` perspective on climate change in the Mediterranean
... the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan — is ready to fully take its part. With 12 climate-related regional pilot projects labelled by its 43 members and representing more than €2.6 billion, the Union for the Mediterranean is an important stakeholder and developing continuously new initiatives, especially o ...
... the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan — is ready to fully take its part. With 12 climate-related regional pilot projects labelled by its 43 members and representing more than €2.6 billion, the Union for the Mediterranean is an important stakeholder and developing continuously new initiatives, especially o ...
a guidebook on climate scenarios
... information can be presented to decision-makers, such as planners, engineers, resource managers, and goverment. Finally, a third section outlines key climate modeling concepts that support a good understanding of climate information in general. This document is not detailed enough to inform users on ...
... information can be presented to decision-makers, such as planners, engineers, resource managers, and goverment. Finally, a third section outlines key climate modeling concepts that support a good understanding of climate information in general. This document is not detailed enough to inform users on ...
Summary for Policymakers
... convened 540 experts from 37 countries to discuss the results of research into ocean acidification, its impacts on ecosystems, socio-economic consequences and implications for policy. More than twice as many scientists participated in the Monterey symposium compared to the previous symposium four ye ...
... convened 540 experts from 37 countries to discuss the results of research into ocean acidification, its impacts on ecosystems, socio-economic consequences and implications for policy. More than twice as many scientists participated in the Monterey symposium compared to the previous symposium four ye ...
The use of the aridity index to assess climate change effect on
... identifies water-holding capacity of soil, infiltration capacity of soil, and the rate at which the water flows toward plant roots, as three possible causes. For example, if water-holding capacity of the soil is too small then saturation-excess runoff will occur even though aridity index may exceed ...
... identifies water-holding capacity of soil, infiltration capacity of soil, and the rate at which the water flows toward plant roots, as three possible causes. For example, if water-holding capacity of the soil is too small then saturation-excess runoff will occur even though aridity index may exceed ...
Auditing the Government Response to Climate Change: Guidance
... evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. The IPCC also states that it is very likely that global warming is caused by human activity. Climate change is already happening and represent ...
... evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. The IPCC also states that it is very likely that global warming is caused by human activity. Climate change is already happening and represent ...
Contrasting trends in floods for two sub
... Hodgkins (2009) found that June through August flows increased by 8 % to 11 % for glacierized basins (more than 10 % glacier cover) in southeastern Alaska, USA and decreased by 3 % to 9 % for non-glacierized basins. Similarly, Fleming and Clarke (2003), Stahl and Moore (2006), Fleming et al. (2006) ...
... Hodgkins (2009) found that June through August flows increased by 8 % to 11 % for glacierized basins (more than 10 % glacier cover) in southeastern Alaska, USA and decreased by 3 % to 9 % for non-glacierized basins. Similarly, Fleming and Clarke (2003), Stahl and Moore (2006), Fleming et al. (2006) ...
POTENTIAL MARKET BARRIERS FOR VOLUNTARY CLIMATE CHANGE
... The challenge of the twenty first century is to enable economic growth and increase both the environmental quality and social inclusiveness, while mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable ...
... The challenge of the twenty first century is to enable economic growth and increase both the environmental quality and social inclusiveness, while mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable ...
An Action Theory of Adaptation to Climate Change - diss.fu
... new statistical properties as averages intensity, higher momenta, or frequencies. They can also refer to abrupt large-scale events in the earth system. In many practical cases it is yet not relevant to insist on this distinction. There is also a difference between meteorological effects as temperatu ...
... new statistical properties as averages intensity, higher momenta, or frequencies. They can also refer to abrupt large-scale events in the earth system. In many practical cases it is yet not relevant to insist on this distinction. There is also a difference between meteorological effects as temperatu ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.