Climate Change: Portfolio Analysis
... This document contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding demand for commodities, carbon pricing and EBITDA in assumed long-term scenarios, global responses to climate change, the potential effect of possible future events on the value of the BHP Billiton portfolio, and the p ...
... This document contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding demand for commodities, carbon pricing and EBITDA in assumed long-term scenarios, global responses to climate change, the potential effect of possible future events on the value of the BHP Billiton portfolio, and the p ...
Human Impact on the Biosphere
... Human Activity and the Carbon Cycle • We are releasing CO2 and other related forms of carbon into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than they are absorbed. • This is due to the ever increasing rate at which we: – Clear-cut and burn forests for housing and farming – Burn fossil fuels • These acti ...
... Human Activity and the Carbon Cycle • We are releasing CO2 and other related forms of carbon into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than they are absorbed. • This is due to the ever increasing rate at which we: – Clear-cut and burn forests for housing and farming – Burn fossil fuels • These acti ...
Impacts of climate change on plant food allergens: a previously
... demonstrate that allergenic food plants, like many other plants, are responsive to increases in [CO2] and temperature, and add weight to the suggestion that such atmospheric changes could influence their allergenic characteristics. In particular, for peanut, impacts on the peanut seeds themselves, s ...
... demonstrate that allergenic food plants, like many other plants, are responsive to increases in [CO2] and temperature, and add weight to the suggestion that such atmospheric changes could influence their allergenic characteristics. In particular, for peanut, impacts on the peanut seeds themselves, s ...
Climate change pressure on Scotland`s notified species
... environment at a faster rate than some species can adapt (Scottish Government, 2009). Current projections are that by the 2080s Scotland will experience warmer, drier summers; milder, wetter autumns and winters; an increase in extreme weather events; and changes in sea level and surface temperature ...
... environment at a faster rate than some species can adapt (Scottish Government, 2009). Current projections are that by the 2080s Scotland will experience warmer, drier summers; milder, wetter autumns and winters; an increase in extreme weather events; and changes in sea level and surface temperature ...
18 September 2008
... The Carteret Islanders are amongst the world's first 'environmental refugees'. An entire cultural group is facing relocation due to the impacts of climate change. The islanders have fought for more than twenty years against the rising ocean, building sea walls and planting mangroves. However, storm ...
... The Carteret Islanders are amongst the world's first 'environmental refugees'. An entire cultural group is facing relocation due to the impacts of climate change. The islanders have fought for more than twenty years against the rising ocean, building sea walls and planting mangroves. However, storm ...
PDF
... carbon price is assumed to be specified as a price path, increasing at a rate of 2 per cent per year. Thus, Quiggin (2012) does not address the question of what emissions trajectory would be consistent with stabilisation or consider the economic and political feasibility of alternative trajectories.2 ...
... carbon price is assumed to be specified as a price path, increasing at a rate of 2 per cent per year. Thus, Quiggin (2012) does not address the question of what emissions trajectory would be consistent with stabilisation or consider the economic and political feasibility of alternative trajectories.2 ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... atmosphere. The associated trends are important indicators of climate change and are likely to have profound influences on ecosystems and societies. This review is focused on two important examples of such change: first, tropical circulation change related to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell ...
... atmosphere. The associated trends are important indicators of climate change and are likely to have profound influences on ecosystems and societies. This review is focused on two important examples of such change: first, tropical circulation change related to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell ...
Extreme Weather Events and Disaster Preparedness
... homes, shelters and villages across Africa. Conflicts over resources also exacerbate these impacts and, in turn, contribute to the ongoing migration within and between countries in Africa. Extreme events displace large amounts of people, especially those who are unable to respond and rebuild after ...
... homes, shelters and villages across Africa. Conflicts over resources also exacerbate these impacts and, in turn, contribute to the ongoing migration within and between countries in Africa. Extreme events displace large amounts of people, especially those who are unable to respond and rebuild after ...
Mao et al., 2016. - Site BU
... The main output from this type of analysis is the scaling factor β, which scales the model’s responses to best fit the observations. Assessing whether the unexplained signal (that is, the residuals of the regression) is consistent with IV is also a key diagnosis in this method. This diagnosis is usu ...
... The main output from this type of analysis is the scaling factor β, which scales the model’s responses to best fit the observations. Assessing whether the unexplained signal (that is, the residuals of the regression) is consistent with IV is also a key diagnosis in this method. This diagnosis is usu ...
Sea level rise in the Arctic Ocean
... during the 1950s to 1980s can be explained by atmospheric forcing and by changes in the thermohaline circulation due to changes in the T-S distribution in the ocean. Thermohaline and wind-driven effects are equally important in influencing the ocean circulation and both significantly contribute to t ...
... during the 1950s to 1980s can be explained by atmospheric forcing and by changes in the thermohaline circulation due to changes in the T-S distribution in the ocean. Thermohaline and wind-driven effects are equally important in influencing the ocean circulation and both significantly contribute to t ...
Understanding Global Climate Change
... Glacier ice is one of the most versatile and highly-resolved recorders of the Earth’s climate. Although they are restricted to regions where temperatures remain largely below freezing year-round, glaciers and ice sheets occur from the equatorial tropics to the polar regions (fig. 1). They can store ...
... Glacier ice is one of the most versatile and highly-resolved recorders of the Earth’s climate. Although they are restricted to regions where temperatures remain largely below freezing year-round, glaciers and ice sheets occur from the equatorial tropics to the polar regions (fig. 1). They can store ...
Calculating the Environmental Impact of Aviation
... It is widely acknowledged that man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are causing major changes to the planet’s climate. The global average surface temperature of the earth has increased by 0.6 ºC during the 20th century and is predicted to increase by between 1.8 and 5.8 ºC ...
... It is widely acknowledged that man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are causing major changes to the planet’s climate. The global average surface temperature of the earth has increased by 0.6 ºC during the 20th century and is predicted to increase by between 1.8 and 5.8 ºC ...
Climate change and mountain ecosystems Martin F. Price and John
... infrared radiation. Added together, these facts suggest that, as the atmospheric concentrations of these gases increase, the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system is likely to change, so that the atmosphere as a whole will warm—the phenomenon described as "global warming." The principal caus ...
... infrared radiation. Added together, these facts suggest that, as the atmospheric concentrations of these gases increase, the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system is likely to change, so that the atmosphere as a whole will warm—the phenomenon described as "global warming." The principal caus ...
climate change and action - Center for urban disaster risk reduction
... are over 400 cities with populations of one million or more, and a large proportion of them are located in low- and middle-income nations and in hazard-prone areas particularly in Africa, Asia and Latin America, a trend which is expected to continue within the next decade14 (see Table 2). Among the ...
... are over 400 cities with populations of one million or more, and a large proportion of them are located in low- and middle-income nations and in hazard-prone areas particularly in Africa, Asia and Latin America, a trend which is expected to continue within the next decade14 (see Table 2). Among the ...
Plants & Ecology Phenology and climate Tenna Toftegaard
... studies do so far only cover a low number of taxa (Root et al. 2003). The most common phenological traits that have been studied are first leaf emergence and timing of flowering in plants together with insect emergence, bird migration patterns (Bertin 2008) and breeding times for birds and mammals ( ...
... studies do so far only cover a low number of taxa (Root et al. 2003). The most common phenological traits that have been studied are first leaf emergence and timing of flowering in plants together with insect emergence, bird migration patterns (Bertin 2008) and breeding times for birds and mammals ( ...
Trend Analysis of the Mean Annual Temperature in
... Rwanda is a small mountainous, landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda, it is located at 02˚00 Latitude South and 30˚00 Longitude East. Total land area is about 24,950 km2, and inland lakes cover abo ...
... Rwanda is a small mountainous, landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda, it is located at 02˚00 Latitude South and 30˚00 Longitude East. Total land area is about 24,950 km2, and inland lakes cover abo ...
Climate Change - Have We Lost the Battle Institution of Mechanical
... Mitigation is the on-going reduction of GHG emissions from all sectors of society, such as energy production, transportation, the built environment and so on. It will remain the centrepiece of any climate change policy. Adaptation is ensuring we adapt and protect our critical assets such as power st ...
... Mitigation is the on-going reduction of GHG emissions from all sectors of society, such as energy production, transportation, the built environment and so on. It will remain the centrepiece of any climate change policy. Adaptation is ensuring we adapt and protect our critical assets such as power st ...
Smith et al (2009
... atmosphere at a level that ‘‘would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) with the climate system.’’ In an effort to provide some insight into impacts of climate change that might be considered DAI, authors of the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch ...
... atmosphere at a level that ‘‘would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) with the climate system.’’ In an effort to provide some insight into impacts of climate change that might be considered DAI, authors of the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch ...
CLIMATE DIPLOMACY IN AFRICA
... made a number of seminal decisions to help Member States deal effectively, efficiently and equitably with the risks posed by climate change. Africa’s contribution to the design and development of the UNFCCC Within the AU, climate change is seen as a more complex phenomenon presenting a security chal ...
... made a number of seminal decisions to help Member States deal effectively, efficiently and equitably with the risks posed by climate change. Africa’s contribution to the design and development of the UNFCCC Within the AU, climate change is seen as a more complex phenomenon presenting a security chal ...
Interaction between Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... play a critical role in solar reflection and ocean circulation globally. The permafrost affects the soil moisture content and vegetation of huge areas. Glaciers and ice caps are especially sensitive to climate change since they react relatively rapidly, with consequences for ecosystems, human activi ...
... play a critical role in solar reflection and ocean circulation globally. The permafrost affects the soil moisture content and vegetation of huge areas. Glaciers and ice caps are especially sensitive to climate change since they react relatively rapidly, with consequences for ecosystems, human activi ...
Getting It ExpErt pErspEctIvEs on thE corporatE rEsponsE to clImatE chanGE
... a commodity one can pay for. For the first time it put a price on carbon emissions. That’s a huge change. We have also seen climate change coming to the top of the political agenda. So the Kyoto Protocol has been effective in changing some corporate behaviour, but not yet effective enough. Kyoto wea ...
... a commodity one can pay for. For the first time it put a price on carbon emissions. That’s a huge change. We have also seen climate change coming to the top of the political agenda. So the Kyoto Protocol has been effective in changing some corporate behaviour, but not yet effective enough. Kyoto wea ...
Recent Trends in Temperature and Precipitation in Al Jabal Al
... Available gridded datasets for Saudi Arabia also accurately represent the very dry (40-80 mm) area over the Rub Al Khali, and the dry (80150 mm) area over the middle to north of Saudi Arabia, and the wettest (>150 mm) region in the southwest of the AP [20]. For the Sultanate of Oman in the south-eas ...
... Available gridded datasets for Saudi Arabia also accurately represent the very dry (40-80 mm) area over the Rub Al Khali, and the dry (80150 mm) area over the middle to north of Saudi Arabia, and the wettest (>150 mm) region in the southwest of the AP [20]. For the Sultanate of Oman in the south-eas ...
Analyzing payoffs in climate change negotiations
... The UNFCCC was a treaty in which countries agreed that they would act to curb greenhouse gas emissions (referred to as carbon emissions throughout the paper) to avoid potentially catastrophic increases in the average temperature across the world (climate change). Article 4.2 of the UNFCCC commits o ...
... The UNFCCC was a treaty in which countries agreed that they would act to curb greenhouse gas emissions (referred to as carbon emissions throughout the paper) to avoid potentially catastrophic increases in the average temperature across the world (climate change). Article 4.2 of the UNFCCC commits o ...
climate change in the american mind
... proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that believe it is caused by mostly by human activities. There has also been a slight decrease in the proportion of people who believe that most scientists think global warming is happening; this de ...
... proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that believe it is caused by mostly by human activities. There has also been a slight decrease in the proportion of people who believe that most scientists think global warming is happening; this de ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.