Have the Tropical Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
... a strong influence on global climate changes on millennial and orbital time scales (Cane, 1998; Clement et al., 1999). This hypothesis needs to be tested by understanding whether the tropical interactions are a driver or a passive player in global climate changes. Here we review recent paleoceanogra ...
... a strong influence on global climate changes on millennial and orbital time scales (Cane, 1998; Clement et al., 1999). This hypothesis needs to be tested by understanding whether the tropical interactions are a driver or a passive player in global climate changes. Here we review recent paleoceanogra ...
Access to justice in climate change litigation from transnational
... “Many independent sources of GHG emissions, which contribute to climate change (injuries) together”, “emissions in New Jersey may contribute no more to flooding in New York than emissions in China”, “causal link is too uncertain”, “GHG emissions from a particular source/subject are only 0.000x%, thu ...
... “Many independent sources of GHG emissions, which contribute to climate change (injuries) together”, “emissions in New Jersey may contribute no more to flooding in New York than emissions in China”, “causal link is too uncertain”, “GHG emissions from a particular source/subject are only 0.000x%, thu ...
Report to CLIVAR SSG-20 Panel or Working Group: ETCCDI 1
... small number of ocean subsurface indices that could be of scientific and societal relevance for routine evaluation, updating and sharing with the wider community. Three different categories of indices are obvious: those that involve status reporting of the world ocean (e.g. ocean heat content over a ...
... small number of ocean subsurface indices that could be of scientific and societal relevance for routine evaluation, updating and sharing with the wider community. Three different categories of indices are obvious: those that involve status reporting of the world ocean (e.g. ocean heat content over a ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human
... that continent, an amplifying feedback that contributed to the sharp drop of global temperature at that time. Moderate warming between 30 and 15 Mya was not sufficient to melt all Antarctic ice. The cooling trend resumed about 15 Mya and accelerated as the climate became cold enough for ice sheets t ...
... that continent, an amplifying feedback that contributed to the sharp drop of global temperature at that time. Moderate warming between 30 and 15 Mya was not sufficient to melt all Antarctic ice. The cooling trend resumed about 15 Mya and accelerated as the climate became cold enough for ice sheets t ...
Lecture 1.1 - The Natural Edge Project
... been shown by the IPCC to result in global warming, which has the potential to significantly alter the Earth’s climate long term. The main anthropogenic greenhouse gases being added to the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluoroc ...
... been shown by the IPCC to result in global warming, which has the potential to significantly alter the Earth’s climate long term. The main anthropogenic greenhouse gases being added to the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluoroc ...
Chapter 7: Interdependent Global Economy
... air and ocean temperatures The temperature increase is global but is greater at higher northern latitudes Global average sea level rose at an average rate of about 8.1 mm per year from 1993 to 2003 Caused by the melting of glaciers, ice caps and polar ice sheets ...
... air and ocean temperatures The temperature increase is global but is greater at higher northern latitudes Global average sea level rose at an average rate of about 8.1 mm per year from 1993 to 2003 Caused by the melting of glaciers, ice caps and polar ice sheets ...
2014 Energy and Climate Outlook
... Group III shows to be consistent with stabilization of GHG concentrations to 530 –580 CO2 ‑eq by 2100. ...
... Group III shows to be consistent with stabilization of GHG concentrations to 530 –580 CO2 ‑eq by 2100. ...
Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage V
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
Chapter 6 Climate Science and Politics in the United States
... temperature, as well as further work on GCMs. It also outlined possible geo-engineering measures for warming reduction, such as spreading reflective particulates across vast ocean areas to increase Earth’s albedo (Environmental Pollution Panel 1965). (In the weathermodification era, such discussions ...
... temperature, as well as further work on GCMs. It also outlined possible geo-engineering measures for warming reduction, such as spreading reflective particulates across vast ocean areas to increase Earth’s albedo (Environmental Pollution Panel 1965). (In the weathermodification era, such discussions ...
... {Subtitle: Contribution of IPCC WGII Incorporating Inputs from IPCC Working Group I “The Physical Science Basis” and Working Group III “Mitigation of Climate Change”} This part will include analyses of consistently defined sub-regions and crossregional hotspots (e.g., Mediterranean, megadeltas), bas ...
Climate change and journalistic norms: A case - UNC
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
Climate Trends and Projections for the South Sask. River
... Also included is a discussion of the modes and causes of the internal variability of the regional climate. The objective of this report is to provide the SEAWA with a scientific perspective on the variability of surface water in southeastern Alberta and how it relates to observations and projections ...
... Also included is a discussion of the modes and causes of the internal variability of the regional climate. The objective of this report is to provide the SEAWA with a scientific perspective on the variability of surface water in southeastern Alberta and how it relates to observations and projections ...
Slide 1
... constant. Both the maximum and minimum temperatures have increased at the same rate. The trends are highly variable from one region to another. Antarctic sea ice extent continues to show inter-annual variability and localized changes but no statistically significant average trends, consistent with t ...
... constant. Both the maximum and minimum temperatures have increased at the same rate. The trends are highly variable from one region to another. Antarctic sea ice extent continues to show inter-annual variability and localized changes but no statistically significant average trends, consistent with t ...
(Michael Oppenheimer) (January 2014)
... 1975 The formation of CO and thermal balance in interstellar clouds (with A.Dalgarno). Ap. J., 200, 419. 1975 Comets and interstellar masers. Nature, 254, 677. 1975 Gas phase chemistry in comets. Ap. J., 196, 251. 1975 A bound state expansion method for calculating resonance and non-resonance contri ...
... 1975 The formation of CO and thermal balance in interstellar clouds (with A.Dalgarno). Ap. J., 200, 419. 1975 Comets and interstellar masers. Nature, 254, 677. 1975 Gas phase chemistry in comets. Ap. J., 196, 251. 1975 A bound state expansion method for calculating resonance and non-resonance contri ...
A global Green New Deal - Friedrich-Ebert
... This paper is based on the results of a two-year conference series on international energy and climate policy organised by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. The series took place within the framework of the FES Working Group for »Global Issues«. This Working Group involves all the FES country offices at ...
... This paper is based on the results of a two-year conference series on international energy and climate policy organised by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. The series took place within the framework of the FES Working Group for »Global Issues«. This Working Group involves all the FES country offices at ...
unburnable carbon: why we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground
... policy target that would prevent even more serious impacts affecting most people and countries around the globe. This has given nations and policymakers the capacity to craft a response to climate change. However, as scientific understanding has improved, it is increasingly clear that the risk of ve ...
... policy target that would prevent even more serious impacts affecting most people and countries around the globe. This has given nations and policymakers the capacity to craft a response to climate change. However, as scientific understanding has improved, it is increasingly clear that the risk of ve ...
Moresby Declaration for an effective global climate agreement
... local, knowledge women and men carry with them to cope with natural climate variability. This knowledge will continue to be crucial for adaptation to a changing climate. Changes to the global climate system are driven by pollution. Human activity is increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhous ...
... local, knowledge women and men carry with them to cope with natural climate variability. This knowledge will continue to be crucial for adaptation to a changing climate. Changes to the global climate system are driven by pollution. Human activity is increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhous ...
Barriers to Effective Climate Change Adaption
... The built environment, and all it contains, is integral to our survival on the planet: it accommodates and sustains individuals and families, economic activities, education and health services, and is repository of the nation’s cultural heritage. The average life expectancy of a house is about 60 - ...
... The built environment, and all it contains, is integral to our survival on the planet: it accommodates and sustains individuals and families, economic activities, education and health services, and is repository of the nation’s cultural heritage. The average life expectancy of a house is about 60 - ...
09-03
... weather patterns less accurately for precipitation than for temperature. This may be due to the innate variability of precipitation across space and time. Extreme rain/snow events can drastically affect mean values. Each climate station represents only a single point, and as such may be a poor sampl ...
... weather patterns less accurately for precipitation than for temperature. This may be due to the innate variability of precipitation across space and time. Extreme rain/snow events can drastically affect mean values. Each climate station represents only a single point, and as such may be a poor sampl ...
Tenaghi Philippon (Greece) Revisited: Drilling a Continuous Lower
... With the dramatically increasing manifestation of anthropogenic forcing on the Earth's climate, understanding the mechanisms and effects of abrupt climate change is crucial to extend the lead time for mitigation and adaptation. In this context, the climate variability during the Quaternary represent ...
... With the dramatically increasing manifestation of anthropogenic forcing on the Earth's climate, understanding the mechanisms and effects of abrupt climate change is crucial to extend the lead time for mitigation and adaptation. In this context, the climate variability during the Quaternary represent ...
Spanning `not-implausiblea futures to assess relative vulnerability to
... in the creation of this portrait. The assessment would then have to imagine how the community might come to recognize the threat of rising seas (the `Awareness and Informationa box in Fig. 1). It would probably not be enough simply to assert that IPCC results would appear in the communal consciousne ...
... in the creation of this portrait. The assessment would then have to imagine how the community might come to recognize the threat of rising seas (the `Awareness and Informationa box in Fig. 1). It would probably not be enough simply to assert that IPCC results would appear in the communal consciousne ...
CSIRO_CCAM Model_Methodology_FNL
... Philippines. GCMs provide the best available tools for simulating large-scale future climates based on various greenhouse gas and aerosol emission scenarios, since they are able to couple atmosphere and ocean systems and incorporate their complex linked interactions over the entire Earth system. How ...
... Philippines. GCMs provide the best available tools for simulating large-scale future climates based on various greenhouse gas and aerosol emission scenarios, since they are able to couple atmosphere and ocean systems and incorporate their complex linked interactions over the entire Earth system. How ...
The importance of the Arctic to global climate
... reveal important clues about the atmosphere through which it fell. For instance, the presence of sodium and chlorine can indicate a particularly stormy period, when more sea salt ends up in the ice. “Snow is not just H2O,” Maasch said, estimating that ice core analyses consider many major and minor ...
... reveal important clues about the atmosphere through which it fell. For instance, the presence of sodium and chlorine can indicate a particularly stormy period, when more sea salt ends up in the ice. “Snow is not just H2O,” Maasch said, estimating that ice core analyses consider many major and minor ...
Restorative Land Use as Appropriate Technology: a System Account
... We are in a state of climate emergency with increasing carbon dioxide from industrial development and methane releases from damaged natural systems. Existing viable alternatives in land use need political will and policy innovation to be protected, joined-up and scaled up. The living Earth system is ...
... We are in a state of climate emergency with increasing carbon dioxide from industrial development and methane releases from damaged natural systems. Existing viable alternatives in land use need political will and policy innovation to be protected, joined-up and scaled up. The living Earth system is ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.