Impacts, Adaptations and Uncertainty in the face of Anthropogenic
... example of uncertainty. The 1998 Ice storm that hit eastern Canada clearly demonstrated that extreme climate events in the boreal can damage trees comparably to that of the most destructive windstorms and hurricanes recorded anywhere. Wind related events may also have consequences for other forest d ...
... example of uncertainty. The 1998 Ice storm that hit eastern Canada clearly demonstrated that extreme climate events in the boreal can damage trees comparably to that of the most destructive windstorms and hurricanes recorded anywhere. Wind related events may also have consequences for other forest d ...
PDF
... patterns also determine what types of animals and plants can survive in a particular place. Changes in temperature can disrupt a wide range of natural processes, including agricultural production, particularly if these changes occur abruptly and plants as well as animal species do not have time to a ...
... patterns also determine what types of animals and plants can survive in a particular place. Changes in temperature can disrupt a wide range of natural processes, including agricultural production, particularly if these changes occur abruptly and plants as well as animal species do not have time to a ...
A Global Model of Climate Change Impacts on Timber Markets
... steady state. By limiting the increase in greenhouse gases to doubling, we focus on the effects of emissions over the next six decades and not on emissions after 2060. Without the stabilization program, changes would continue to occur beyond 2060. Although these future effects are not likely to have ...
... steady state. By limiting the increase in greenhouse gases to doubling, we focus on the effects of emissions over the next six decades and not on emissions after 2060. Without the stabilization program, changes would continue to occur beyond 2060. Although these future effects are not likely to have ...
Maryland Commission on Climate Change
... in Maryland, a second Executive Order was issued to strengthen the MCCC. The new order expanded the membership of the commission to include nongovernmental members, consisting of representatives from local governments, the business community and non-profit organizations, as well as at-large members. ...
... in Maryland, a second Executive Order was issued to strengthen the MCCC. The new order expanded the membership of the commission to include nongovernmental members, consisting of representatives from local governments, the business community and non-profit organizations, as well as at-large members. ...
- FUND - Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation
... FUND 3.8 is defined for 16 regions, specified in Table R. The model runs from 1950 to 3000 in time-steps of a year. 2. Population and income Population and per capita income follow exogenous scenarios. There are five standard scenarios, specified in Tables P and Y. The FUND scenario is based on the ...
... FUND 3.8 is defined for 16 regions, specified in Table R. The model runs from 1950 to 3000 in time-steps of a year. 2. Population and income Population and per capita income follow exogenous scenarios. There are five standard scenarios, specified in Tables P and Y. The FUND scenario is based on the ...
Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old
... (6). Identification of factors that generate particular microclimates will help focus conservation efforts to lessen the impacts of climate change on biodiversity (7), which are expected to be particularly substantial in mountainous regions (8). However, to date, the coarse resolution of most land c ...
... (6). Identification of factors that generate particular microclimates will help focus conservation efforts to lessen the impacts of climate change on biodiversity (7), which are expected to be particularly substantial in mountainous regions (8). However, to date, the coarse resolution of most land c ...
Cities and Climate Change: Adaptation in London, UK - UN
... The number of people and assets in the flood risk areas can be analysed to determine who and what is at risk. This analysis shows that there are 1.25 million people, 481,180 properties, 441 schools, 75 underground stations and 49 railway stations located in areas of tidal and fluvial flood risk.4 A ...
... The number of people and assets in the flood risk areas can be analysed to determine who and what is at risk. This analysis shows that there are 1.25 million people, 481,180 properties, 441 schools, 75 underground stations and 49 railway stations located in areas of tidal and fluvial flood risk.4 A ...
A Credible Foundation for Long Term International
... and not a threshold pollutant.6 Excess emissions accumulate in the atmosphere and remain there for decades: current annual emissions are equal to only about 1% of the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The risks associated with climate change result from the accumulated stocks of ...
... and not a threshold pollutant.6 Excess emissions accumulate in the atmosphere and remain there for decades: current annual emissions are equal to only about 1% of the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The risks associated with climate change result from the accumulated stocks of ...
an australian policy framework - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... involves cost, including the cost of lost options. These decisions must be made despite innumerable scientific, geopolitical and economic uncertainties about: • the strength of the tendency for global emissions to continue growing • the relationship between the accumulation of greenhouse gases in ...
... involves cost, including the cost of lost options. These decisions must be made despite innumerable scientific, geopolitical and economic uncertainties about: • the strength of the tendency for global emissions to continue growing • the relationship between the accumulation of greenhouse gases in ...
senate rules committee - senate floor analysis
... 6) Requires ARB when adopting rules and regulations to achieve emissions reductions beyond the 2020 statewide GHG emissions limit, to consider the social cost of GHG emissions, follow specified requirements, and prioritize rules and regulations that result in direct emissions reductions at large sta ...
... 6) Requires ARB when adopting rules and regulations to achieve emissions reductions beyond the 2020 statewide GHG emissions limit, to consider the social cost of GHG emissions, follow specified requirements, and prioritize rules and regulations that result in direct emissions reductions at large sta ...
The use of agrobiodiversity in adapting to climate change
... effects of climate change, as well as their complexity and as such, urgent global corrective strategies and policies need to be undertaken. Farmers on the other hand, are living with the uncertainty and thus tend to take autonomous rather than planned adaptations. For effective sustainability, there ...
... effects of climate change, as well as their complexity and as such, urgent global corrective strategies and policies need to be undertaken. Farmers on the other hand, are living with the uncertainty and thus tend to take autonomous rather than planned adaptations. For effective sustainability, there ...
Stream 1.2 Oceans and marine ice in the Southern Hemisphere
... To understand the extent of large-scale physical, biological and biogeochemical change occurring in the Southern Ocean and marine ice environment (including ice shelves, sea ice and icebergs), and to attribute the cause(s) to anthropogenic emissions or natural variations for inclusion in IPCC models ...
... To understand the extent of large-scale physical, biological and biogeochemical change occurring in the Southern Ocean and marine ice environment (including ice shelves, sea ice and icebergs), and to attribute the cause(s) to anthropogenic emissions or natural variations for inclusion in IPCC models ...
Document
... Anthropogenic activities have greatly increased (and continue to increase) the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ...
... Anthropogenic activities have greatly increased (and continue to increase) the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ...
Impacts of climate change on stratospheric ozone
... [1] The impact of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the ‘‘recovery’’ of stratospheric ozone is examined using simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model. In this model, GHG-induced climate change has a large impact on the ozone evolution and when O3 recovery milest ...
... [1] The impact of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the ‘‘recovery’’ of stratospheric ozone is examined using simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model. In this model, GHG-induced climate change has a large impact on the ozone evolution and when O3 recovery milest ...
Positive feedback between future climate change
... Abstract. Future climate change due to increased atmospheric CO2 may affect land and ocean efficiency to absorb atmospheric CO2 . Here, using climate and carbon threedimensional models forced by a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 , we show that there is a positive feedback between the climate sy ...
... Abstract. Future climate change due to increased atmospheric CO2 may affect land and ocean efficiency to absorb atmospheric CO2 . Here, using climate and carbon threedimensional models forced by a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 , we show that there is a positive feedback between the climate sy ...
- Wiley Online Library
... carbon cycle (Edmonds and Smith, 2006). The economic impact of carbon cycle uncertainties are larger than the effect of any individual technology choice, although the effect of technology combinations (i.e. the presence or absence of multiple technologies) can have a larger impact than carbon cycle ...
... carbon cycle (Edmonds and Smith, 2006). The economic impact of carbon cycle uncertainties are larger than the effect of any individual technology choice, although the effect of technology combinations (i.e. the presence or absence of multiple technologies) can have a larger impact than carbon cycle ...
PDF
... Rainfall record from the Delta State, Nigeria between 1971 – 2009 shows a decreasing trend with the minimum value for the period (189.02mm) recorded in 1977 and maximum value for the period (283.05mm) recorded in 1999 (Table 3). The mean and standard deviation values of rainfall from 1971 – 2009 are ...
... Rainfall record from the Delta State, Nigeria between 1971 – 2009 shows a decreasing trend with the minimum value for the period (189.02mm) recorded in 1977 and maximum value for the period (283.05mm) recorded in 1999 (Table 3). The mean and standard deviation values of rainfall from 1971 – 2009 are ...
Comments on EPA/NHTSA proposed rule on tailpipe standards [get
... that drive the model results. For IAMs in general, including FUND, PAGE, and DICE in particular, the software and model relationships are often less decisive than the data inputs in shaping the results. Extensive experiments with DICE by a range of researchers have shown that with small, reasonable ...
... that drive the model results. For IAMs in general, including FUND, PAGE, and DICE in particular, the software and model relationships are often less decisive than the data inputs in shaping the results. Extensive experiments with DICE by a range of researchers have shown that with small, reasonable ...
ESA - WCRP
... To realize the full potential of the long-term global Earth Observation archives that ESA together with its Member states have established over the last thirty years, as a significant and timely contribution to the ECV databases required by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFC ...
... To realize the full potential of the long-term global Earth Observation archives that ESA together with its Member states have established over the last thirty years, as a significant and timely contribution to the ECV databases required by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFC ...
Get Real on Climate: Climate change lesson
... current average temperatures (global warming) is due to natural causes. Answer: Disagree. It is true that the earth’s atmosphere has warmed and cooled in the past without interference from humans. However, concentrations of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere are at their highest levels in the la ...
... current average temperatures (global warming) is due to natural causes. Answer: Disagree. It is true that the earth’s atmosphere has warmed and cooled in the past without interference from humans. However, concentrations of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere are at their highest levels in the la ...
7 - WWF
... species, such as the sponge orders Astrophorida and Hadromerida (Leon & Bjorndal, 2002; Meylan, 1988). Although coral reefs are known to respond to excessively high water temperatures by bleaching (HoeghGuldberg, 1999) and that macro-algae may increase in abundance in response to disturbed coral ree ...
... species, such as the sponge orders Astrophorida and Hadromerida (Leon & Bjorndal, 2002; Meylan, 1988). Although coral reefs are known to respond to excessively high water temperatures by bleaching (HoeghGuldberg, 1999) and that macro-algae may increase in abundance in response to disturbed coral ree ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.