The World’s Low-carbon Economy Trend and China’s Rational Choice
... Earth’s atmosphere greenhouse gas (CO2) concentration has undergone profound changes and which began to affect natural ecosystems to human survival. In 1896, The Nobel Prize owner in Chemistry, Cornelius forecast fossil fuel combustion will increase atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, causi ...
... Earth’s atmosphere greenhouse gas (CO2) concentration has undergone profound changes and which began to affect natural ecosystems to human survival. In 1896, The Nobel Prize owner in Chemistry, Cornelius forecast fossil fuel combustion will increase atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, causi ...
Is the ice burning?
... – glaciers and ice caps The size of valley glaciers and ice sheets is the product of the balance of the annual precipitation, that is snow accumulating on the glacier surface, and the annual loss of mass, which can be attributed to ice calving (icebergs), surface and bottom melting and in very cold ...
... – glaciers and ice caps The size of valley glaciers and ice sheets is the product of the balance of the annual precipitation, that is snow accumulating on the glacier surface, and the annual loss of mass, which can be attributed to ice calving (icebergs), surface and bottom melting and in very cold ...
Pronounced subsurface cooling of North Atlantic waters off
... variability (e.g., Munk and Wunsch, 1998; Rial and Yang, 2007; Shaffer et al., 2004), while others proposed an external freshwater forcing (e.g., Ganopolski and Rahmstorf, 2001; McManus et al., 2004; Stocker et al., 1992). Atmospheric processes in low-latitude regions, such as changes in the atmosph ...
... variability (e.g., Munk and Wunsch, 1998; Rial and Yang, 2007; Shaffer et al., 2004), while others proposed an external freshwater forcing (e.g., Ganopolski and Rahmstorf, 2001; McManus et al., 2004; Stocker et al., 1992). Atmospheric processes in low-latitude regions, such as changes in the atmosph ...
Poverty and climate change: Natural disasters, agricultural
... Estimates of the economic cost of climate change have always attracted interest and debate among policymakers and the public. These estimates, however, have mostly been framed in terms of the impact on country-level or global GDP, which does not capture the full impact of climate change on people’s ...
... Estimates of the economic cost of climate change have always attracted interest and debate among policymakers and the public. These estimates, however, have mostly been framed in terms of the impact on country-level or global GDP, which does not capture the full impact of climate change on people’s ...
THE DURBAN PLATFORM: ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR A 2015 AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL
... predicated on the contractual model of international law, and many assume that the Durban Platform negotiations should follow this model as well. In some situations, however, states’ reticence to bind themselves may outweigh their desire to bind others. In that case, there may not be any negotiable ...
... predicated on the contractual model of international law, and many assume that the Durban Platform negotiations should follow this model as well. In some situations, however, states’ reticence to bind themselves may outweigh their desire to bind others. In that case, there may not be any negotiable ...
Social and cultural issues raised by climate change in Pacific Island
... action is taken, as they require only a relatively small increase in GMST, and further warming of ocean waters over the next century that is virtually certain given the heating effect of the current concentration of GHGs (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2014: FAQ30.1). The impacts indicated in Table 1 could b ...
... action is taken, as they require only a relatively small increase in GMST, and further warming of ocean waters over the next century that is virtually certain given the heating effect of the current concentration of GHGs (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2014: FAQ30.1). The impacts indicated in Table 1 could b ...
Impact of the Kyoto Protocol on Stabilization of Carbon
... feedback on the carbon cycle. We scaled the emissions of CH4, N2O, NOx, NMVOC, CO, black and organic carbon, SO2, CF4, C2F6 from 1990 levels to decrease proportionally to CO2. Other fluorinated gases are not ...
... feedback on the carbon cycle. We scaled the emissions of CH4, N2O, NOx, NMVOC, CO, black and organic carbon, SO2, CF4, C2F6 from 1990 levels to decrease proportionally to CO2. Other fluorinated gases are not ...
Today, we continue our work on understanding the outlooks
... London and the United Kingdom have historically played important parts in struggles for a better world: struggles for democracy that go back to the thirteen-century Magna Carta or the seventeenth-century English revolution, the movement that led to the abolition of slavery in the early nineteenth-ce ...
... London and the United Kingdom have historically played important parts in struggles for a better world: struggles for democracy that go back to the thirteen-century Magna Carta or the seventeenth-century English revolution, the movement that led to the abolition of slavery in the early nineteenth-ce ...
Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal
... (more land) and southern (less land) mid-latitude oceans, combined with tropical warming, the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell is predicted to decrease in intensity while that of the Southern Hemisphere will increase in intensity [9]. It is still unclear how these future shifts in the Hadley Cell mig ...
... (more land) and southern (less land) mid-latitude oceans, combined with tropical warming, the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell is predicted to decrease in intensity while that of the Southern Hemisphere will increase in intensity [9]. It is still unclear how these future shifts in the Hadley Cell mig ...
Do Americans Understand That Global Warming Is Harmful to
... C O N C L U S I O N S Most Americans report a general sense that global warming can be harmful to health, but ...
... C O N C L U S I O N S Most Americans report a general sense that global warming can be harmful to health, but ...
Climatic drivers of potential hazards in Mediterranean coasts
... variability and extremes than from changes in mean trends (Goubanova and Li 2007). Any intensification and/or increase in the number of extreme events are likely to have disastrous socioeconomic implications on developed and developing countries (Changnon 2003). Indeed, global climate modelling expe ...
... variability and extremes than from changes in mean trends (Goubanova and Li 2007). Any intensification and/or increase in the number of extreme events are likely to have disastrous socioeconomic implications on developed and developing countries (Changnon 2003). Indeed, global climate modelling expe ...
Queries for ecol-90-04-15 1. AU: Should Dieckmann be changed to
... Shukla 1981). In contrast, short-term (less than one week) forecasts are much less predictable for the tropics than they are for the temperate zones where the movement of weather fronts across the continents is now well characterized. Ironically, it is much harder to make mid-term predictions for th ...
... Shukla 1981). In contrast, short-term (less than one week) forecasts are much less predictable for the tropics than they are for the temperate zones where the movement of weather fronts across the continents is now well characterized. Ironically, it is much harder to make mid-term predictions for th ...
Climate change and plant invasions: restoration opportunities ahead?
... of current climate data (Daly et al., 2002). The PRISM climate interpolation is derived from US weather stations and takes into account topographic influences on precipitation and temperature. Currently available climate data include monthly and annual averages of precipitation and temperature for t ...
... of current climate data (Daly et al., 2002). The PRISM climate interpolation is derived from US weather stations and takes into account topographic influences on precipitation and temperature. Currently available climate data include monthly and annual averages of precipitation and temperature for t ...
terra nostra - Social Venture Partners
... clicked for me, and I sent Christophe Chagnard an e-mail with the subject line “totally nuts, probably impossible, poorly formed idea ... and a dinner invitation.” I told him that I had an idea for a symphony about climate change. I even went so far as to suggest some themes for individual movements ...
... clicked for me, and I sent Christophe Chagnard an e-mail with the subject line “totally nuts, probably impossible, poorly formed idea ... and a dinner invitation.” I told him that I had an idea for a symphony about climate change. I even went so far as to suggest some themes for individual movements ...
Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap
... concern on future water supplies since these glaciers supply water to large river systems that support millions of people inhabiting the surrounding areas. Black carbon (BC) aerosols, released from incomplete combustion, have been increasingly implicated as causing large changes in the hydrology and ...
... concern on future water supplies since these glaciers supply water to large river systems that support millions of people inhabiting the surrounding areas. Black carbon (BC) aerosols, released from incomplete combustion, have been increasingly implicated as causing large changes in the hydrology and ...
Kapiti DC issues - Coastal Ratepayers United
... Dr Hilton in his peer review of the FOCUS (2012) report stated, “The Bruun Rule has been discredited by the world’s leading geomorphologists”. This is a correct interpretation of the weight of evidence presented in the literature. Tonkin and Taylor Ltd (T&T), argued that the Coromandel beaches meet ...
... Dr Hilton in his peer review of the FOCUS (2012) report stated, “The Bruun Rule has been discredited by the world’s leading geomorphologists”. This is a correct interpretation of the weight of evidence presented in the literature. Tonkin and Taylor Ltd (T&T), argued that the Coromandel beaches meet ...
DOCX 270KB - Climate Change Authority
... The CFI and ERF are specific examples of a broad type of policy called ‘baseline and credit schemes’. These schemes take many different forms, but they all share some basic features, including setting a baseline, and issuing credits when the outcome is better than the baseline. Australia has impleme ...
... The CFI and ERF are specific examples of a broad type of policy called ‘baseline and credit schemes’. These schemes take many different forms, but they all share some basic features, including setting a baseline, and issuing credits when the outcome is better than the baseline. Australia has impleme ...
PDF file - Lincoln University
... Regional climate modelling currently undertaken by NIWA will help us to understand the exposure of tourism to climatic changes. Already, we understand that temperatures in New Zealand are expected to increase. The amount of increase depends strongly on the emissions scenarios, but a “mid-range” (A1B ...
... Regional climate modelling currently undertaken by NIWA will help us to understand the exposure of tourism to climatic changes. Already, we understand that temperatures in New Zealand are expected to increase. The amount of increase depends strongly on the emissions scenarios, but a “mid-range” (A1B ...
Sustainability and Risk: Climate Change and Fiduciary Duty WORKSHOP REPORT
... gas increases and most of the observed changes in the climate are human-caused. The main natural and human phenomena that affect climate are known, and scientists have measured or estimated these phenomena, and then compared their relative effect on the climate. These comparisons indicate human emis ...
... gas increases and most of the observed changes in the climate are human-caused. The main natural and human phenomena that affect climate are known, and scientists have measured or estimated these phenomena, and then compared their relative effect on the climate. These comparisons indicate human emis ...
a pre-publication version here.
... change steadily rose on the policy agenda of nations, regions, states and cities. Ironically, it was also the decade in which the public opinion vacillated on the reality of climate change and its human causation. Public opinion surveys dipped to new lows in the US, the UK, and Australia at the end ...
... change steadily rose on the policy agenda of nations, regions, states and cities. Ironically, it was also the decade in which the public opinion vacillated on the reality of climate change and its human causation. Public opinion surveys dipped to new lows in the US, the UK, and Australia at the end ...
CIAS
... describes only the initial version of the modelling system. Each time a new component module is added to the system, a precise testing procedure is followed to verify that outputs are not altered by the process of coupling in the module. This generates a set of test cases against which future output ...
... describes only the initial version of the modelling system. Each time a new component module is added to the system, a precise testing procedure is followed to verify that outputs are not altered by the process of coupling in the module. This generates a set of test cases against which future output ...
Climate change and extreme weather events: can developing
... • Landslides, mudflows and saline water intrusion. being adjusted for inflation—rising by a factor of 9 and insured losses by a factor of not less than 15 (Fig. 4) (Munich Re, 1999). The extreme weather events have generated enormous pressure on poor economies, shattered infrastructure and made the ...
... • Landslides, mudflows and saline water intrusion. being adjusted for inflation—rising by a factor of 9 and insured losses by a factor of not less than 15 (Fig. 4) (Munich Re, 1999). The extreme weather events have generated enormous pressure on poor economies, shattered infrastructure and made the ...
Slide PPT
... with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”. “Climate Sensitivity” (a doubling ...
... with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”. “Climate Sensitivity” (a doubling ...
Research Note Effects of Warming Conditions in Eastern North
... showed that two species of frogs and three species of salamanders spawned progressively earlier from 1979 to 1994 and that these patterns were correlated with increasing winter and spring average temperatures (Beebee 1995). Timing of calling of four frog species in New York occurred 10–13 days earli ...
... showed that two species of frogs and three species of salamanders spawned progressively earlier from 1979 to 1994 and that these patterns were correlated with increasing winter and spring average temperatures (Beebee 1995). Timing of calling of four frog species in New York occurred 10–13 days earli ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.