A severe centennial-scale drought in mid
... suggesting a shift in seasonality of precipitation and a change to more distal sources of moisture, consistent with drought climatology (Woodhouse and Overpeck, 1998). A pollen record from alluvial sediments in the same region shows a brief spike in Ambrosia (ragweed) and corresponding decrease in Q ...
... suggesting a shift in seasonality of precipitation and a change to more distal sources of moisture, consistent with drought climatology (Woodhouse and Overpeck, 1998). A pollen record from alluvial sediments in the same region shows a brief spike in Ambrosia (ragweed) and corresponding decrease in Q ...
Better Predictions, Better Allocations: Scientific Advances and
... contained in the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (AR5), shows that in order for the 2C limit not to be exceeded, emissions of CO2 equivalents will have to turn negative towards the end of the 21st century.2 Given previous experience, agreement on such stringent emissions reduction scenarios at t ...
... contained in the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (AR5), shows that in order for the 2C limit not to be exceeded, emissions of CO2 equivalents will have to turn negative towards the end of the 21st century.2 Given previous experience, agreement on such stringent emissions reduction scenarios at t ...
Climate change and food safety: A review
... etc. FAO also commissioned the production of background documents on the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security, food safety and other relevant subjects. Among many sources of information, this paper reviews the background documentation on the impacts of climate change on food safe ...
... etc. FAO also commissioned the production of background documents on the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security, food safety and other relevant subjects. Among many sources of information, this paper reviews the background documentation on the impacts of climate change on food safe ...
The Emergence of Climate Change Mitigation Action by Society: An
... Abstract: Developing model-based narratives of society’s response to climate change is challenged by two factors. First, society’s response to possible future climate change is subject to many uncertainties. Second, we argue that society’s mitigation action emerge out of the actions and interactions ...
... Abstract: Developing model-based narratives of society’s response to climate change is challenged by two factors. First, society’s response to possible future climate change is subject to many uncertainties. Second, we argue that society’s mitigation action emerge out of the actions and interactions ...
potential effects of climate change on ecosystem and tree species
... subarctic ecosystems where the warming signal is strongest (Zhou et al. 2001, Bogaert et al. 2002, Lloyd et al. 2002, Lloyd and Fastie 2003). Over the past decade, British Columbia (498–608 latitude) has experienced a warming trend that approximately matches climate change predictions from general c ...
... subarctic ecosystems where the warming signal is strongest (Zhou et al. 2001, Bogaert et al. 2002, Lloyd et al. 2002, Lloyd and Fastie 2003). Over the past decade, British Columbia (498–608 latitude) has experienced a warming trend that approximately matches climate change predictions from general c ...
WETLANDS, CARBON STORAGE, AND FUTURE CLIMATE
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
... difficult to quantify because the emissions of these gases depend on many assumptions and uncertain factors such as population growth, the use of carbon fuel as an energy source, technological development, economic development, policy and attitudes towards environment, etc (see Nakićenović et al. 20 ...
Major Climate Feedback Processes Water Vapor Feedback Snow
... Unlikely: The geothermal heat from the early Earth is sometimes suggested one such additional heat source to warm Earth. However, the geothermal heat flux is not big enough to supply the required energy. Solution 2: The planetary albedo must have been lower in the past Unlikely: It would require a ...
... Unlikely: The geothermal heat from the early Earth is sometimes suggested one such additional heat source to warm Earth. However, the geothermal heat flux is not big enough to supply the required energy. Solution 2: The planetary albedo must have been lower in the past Unlikely: It would require a ...
Fossil Free NUIG: - NUI Galway Students` Union
... These were positive, hopeful and progressive developments. But in the same year, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere reached 350 parts per million, posing an existential threat to human progress. A concentration of 350 ppm of atmospheric carbon dioxide is recognised as the thr ...
... These were positive, hopeful and progressive developments. But in the same year, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere reached 350 parts per million, posing an existential threat to human progress. A concentration of 350 ppm of atmospheric carbon dioxide is recognised as the thr ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K−1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming. Keywords: water vapor, climate change, global warming, ...
... scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K−1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming. Keywords: water vapor, climate change, global warming, ...
Knowledge and perceptions about the health
... throughout the world. Accelerating demographic, social, economic, environmental and ecological changes as a result of increasing globalization and the inability of many developing countries and their populations to make the necessary adaption changes to mitigate the effect of climate change [5,6] re ...
... throughout the world. Accelerating demographic, social, economic, environmental and ecological changes as a result of increasing globalization and the inability of many developing countries and their populations to make the necessary adaption changes to mitigate the effect of climate change [5,6] re ...
Detecting an external influence on recent changes
... major ocean basins over the past 50 yr. Although this signal is largely consistent with oxygen changes expected from anthropogenic climate change, the contribution of external forcing to recent deoxygenation trends relative to natural internal variability is yet to be established. Here we conduct a ...
... major ocean basins over the past 50 yr. Although this signal is largely consistent with oxygen changes expected from anthropogenic climate change, the contribution of external forcing to recent deoxygenation trends relative to natural internal variability is yet to be established. Here we conduct a ...
Cool dudes: The denial of climate change among conservative white
... than other adults to endorse climate change denial. On a specific level, conservative white male elites in the conservative movement and the fossil fuels industry have sent a consistent message—via conservative talk radio, television news, newspapers, and websites—to the American public for approxima ...
... than other adults to endorse climate change denial. On a specific level, conservative white male elites in the conservative movement and the fossil fuels industry have sent a consistent message—via conservative talk radio, television news, newspapers, and websites—to the American public for approxima ...
climate of the arctic marine environment
... The Arctic marine environment has shown changes over the past several decades, and these changes are part of a broader global warming that exceeds the range of natural variability over the past 1000 years. Record minima of sea ice coverage during the past few summers and increased melt from Greenlan ...
... The Arctic marine environment has shown changes over the past several decades, and these changes are part of a broader global warming that exceeds the range of natural variability over the past 1000 years. Record minima of sea ice coverage during the past few summers and increased melt from Greenlan ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... vapor in the tropics and midlatitudes, but they largely cancel in the global mean. A purely thermodynamic scaling based on a saturated troposphere gives a higher global rate of 7.9%/K. Surface specific humidity increases at a rate of 5.7%/K, considerably lower than the rate for global-mean water vap ...
... vapor in the tropics and midlatitudes, but they largely cancel in the global mean. A purely thermodynamic scaling based on a saturated troposphere gives a higher global rate of 7.9%/K. Surface specific humidity increases at a rate of 5.7%/K, considerably lower than the rate for global-mean water vap ...
Research Article Environmetrics
... The radiative forcing because of long-lived greenhouse gases (upper panels) has increased significantly since 1750. The solar radiation (second row of the panels) shows a clearly cyclical pattern (the 11-year cycle) with a rather high uncertainty upwards. The volcanoes (third row of the panels) can ...
... The radiative forcing because of long-lived greenhouse gases (upper panels) has increased significantly since 1750. The solar radiation (second row of the panels) shows a clearly cyclical pattern (the 11-year cycle) with a rather high uncertainty upwards. The volcanoes (third row of the panels) can ...
Modeling climate change impacts on phenology and population
... to the coastal area of Tasmania after making winter northerly migrations of a 1000 km or more (Barnett et al., 2011). Migratory routes and feeding habitats of many pelagic MMS are associated with large-scale oceanic or bathymetric features; for example, running north south is the California Current ...
... to the coastal area of Tasmania after making winter northerly migrations of a 1000 km or more (Barnett et al., 2011). Migratory routes and feeding habitats of many pelagic MMS are associated with large-scale oceanic or bathymetric features; for example, running north south is the California Current ...
Impacts of Climate Change on all European islands
... particular challenge to islands as their pressure absorption capacity and territorial redeployment abilities are usually lower than on the mainland. Climate change is likely to have increasingly important implications for the relationship between these islands and the EU main continent in the years ...
... particular challenge to islands as their pressure absorption capacity and territorial redeployment abilities are usually lower than on the mainland. Climate change is likely to have increasingly important implications for the relationship between these islands and the EU main continent in the years ...
Climate Change and Security in Africa
... conflicts (Batterbury and Warren, 2001). It also fails to account for different levels of development on resource consumption, resource scarcity and conflict. Highly developed economies, for example, may experience less conflict over resources even as demand increases (Hendrix and Glaser, 2007). Sec ...
... conflicts (Batterbury and Warren, 2001). It also fails to account for different levels of development on resource consumption, resource scarcity and conflict. Highly developed economies, for example, may experience less conflict over resources even as demand increases (Hendrix and Glaser, 2007). Sec ...
The effects of climate change in the Netherlands
... and negative from an economic viewpoint; this partly depends on developments elsewhere in Europe. • The expected health gain due to the overall temperature rise will probably be offset to a large extent by the increased risk of mortality during extremely warm weather. Several diseases and complaints ...
... and negative from an economic viewpoint; this partly depends on developments elsewhere in Europe. • The expected health gain due to the overall temperature rise will probably be offset to a large extent by the increased risk of mortality during extremely warm weather. Several diseases and complaints ...
National Policy on Climate Change for Namibia 2011
... There is considerable uncertainty regarding the accurate detection of future climate change scenarios, despite the continuous improvements in climate science. This is because of various limitations related to the uncertainty in future global GHG emissions, understanding of the dynamics of global cli ...
... There is considerable uncertainty regarding the accurate detection of future climate change scenarios, despite the continuous improvements in climate science. This is because of various limitations related to the uncertainty in future global GHG emissions, understanding of the dynamics of global cli ...
Transformative Learning and Engagement with Climate
... 1. INTRODUCTION In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) finds that the evidence for anthropogenic climate change is “unequivocal”, and that that unless carbon emissions are sharply reduced, global warming relative to 1850–1900 is likely to exceed 2°C and ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) finds that the evidence for anthropogenic climate change is “unequivocal”, and that that unless carbon emissions are sharply reduced, global warming relative to 1850–1900 is likely to exceed 2°C and ...
Climate change and Arctic ecosystems II
... 1996a]. The model is sensitive to CO2 concentration because of the responses of NPP and stomatal conductance to CO2 and the differential effects of CO2 on the NPP of C3 and C4 plants. [8] To identify the biome for a given grid cell, the model ranks the tree and nontree PFTs that were calculated for ...
... 1996a]. The model is sensitive to CO2 concentration because of the responses of NPP and stomatal conductance to CO2 and the differential effects of CO2 on the NPP of C3 and C4 plants. [8] To identify the biome for a given grid cell, the model ranks the tree and nontree PFTs that were calculated for ...
Climate Change Adaptation Position Paper
... There is some debate as to whether recent events such as the Queensland floods, Cyclone Yasi, the 2009 Victorian heatwaves are a result of global warming. The policy and regulatory landscape governing issues relating to climatic events are ever changing. New Australian standards are being developed, ...
... There is some debate as to whether recent events such as the Queensland floods, Cyclone Yasi, the 2009 Victorian heatwaves are a result of global warming. The policy and regulatory landscape governing issues relating to climatic events are ever changing. New Australian standards are being developed, ...
shows
... data driven. The decade’s advances in modeling are unimaginable without the enormous increase in the quantity and precision of paleoclimate proxy data. Two of the topics we discuss below, paleo-ENSO and abrupt change, did not exist until there were methods to create high-resolution records. For othe ...
... data driven. The decade’s advances in modeling are unimaginable without the enormous increase in the quantity and precision of paleoclimate proxy data. Two of the topics we discuss below, paleo-ENSO and abrupt change, did not exist until there were methods to create high-resolution records. For othe ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.