... inconsistency’ between modelled and observed trends in tropical lapse rates (Karl et al., 2006). Early versions of satellite and radiosonde datasets suggested that the tropical surface had warmed more than the troposphere, while climate models consistently showed tropospheric amplification of surfac ...
Appendix A: Eight Steps of Scenario Building SCENARIO BUILDING
... For each driving force two attributes are selected representing two polar directions in which the drivers can go in the future. For the economic driver, the MEA looked at one end being globalization and the other regionalization. Within globalization economic equity and public goods were delivere ...
... For each driving force two attributes are selected representing two polar directions in which the drivers can go in the future. For the economic driver, the MEA looked at one end being globalization and the other regionalization. Within globalization economic equity and public goods were delivere ...
Migration and Climate Change: Toward an Integrated Assessment of
... Barbieri et al. (2010) on internal movement in Brazil estimated relatively small net changes in migration under a range of climate change scenarios, with some scenarios suggesting the possibility of a decrease, rather than an increase in net migration. Meanwhile a study of migration in El Salvador i ...
... Barbieri et al. (2010) on internal movement in Brazil estimated relatively small net changes in migration under a range of climate change scenarios, with some scenarios suggesting the possibility of a decrease, rather than an increase in net migration. Meanwhile a study of migration in El Salvador i ...
Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Climate Change
... Zimbabwe experiences a lot of drought events especially in the semi-arid regions such as the Chivi District. Meteorological records reveal notable rainfall variability and a spike in the occurrence of droughts. According to Guha-Sapir et al. (2012:28) drought tops the list of climatic disasters to e ...
... Zimbabwe experiences a lot of drought events especially in the semi-arid regions such as the Chivi District. Meteorological records reveal notable rainfall variability and a spike in the occurrence of droughts. According to Guha-Sapir et al. (2012:28) drought tops the list of climatic disasters to e ...
The Economic Effects of Long(Term Climate Change
... Results indicate that colder temperatures during the Little Ice Age decreased yield ratios, that less grain was harvested per grain sown. Next, I estimate temperature’s e¤ect on European wheat prices as an alternative measure for agricultural productivity. I combine yearly temperature data with year ...
... Results indicate that colder temperatures during the Little Ice Age decreased yield ratios, that less grain was harvested per grain sown. Next, I estimate temperature’s e¤ect on European wheat prices as an alternative measure for agricultural productivity. I combine yearly temperature data with year ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe - Clima-net
... adaptation planning and implementation in other areas, such as public health, water resources and management of ecosystems. The need for adaptation Projections for 2100 suggest that temperature in Europe will have risen by between 2 to 6.3 °C above 1990 levels. The sea level is projected to rise, an ...
... adaptation planning and implementation in other areas, such as public health, water resources and management of ecosystems. The need for adaptation Projections for 2100 suggest that temperature in Europe will have risen by between 2 to 6.3 °C above 1990 levels. The sea level is projected to rise, an ...
PDF
... assumptions, there are also wide uncertainties surrounding more distant climate impacts (beyond the 2100 horizon considered here), future emission trends, and the cross-country distribution of damages and risks. Also, the analysis focuses on immediate, irreversible and self-enforcing participation t ...
... assumptions, there are also wide uncertainties surrounding more distant climate impacts (beyond the 2100 horizon considered here), future emission trends, and the cross-country distribution of damages and risks. Also, the analysis focuses on immediate, irreversible and self-enforcing participation t ...
Designing Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives
... The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) states unequivocally that the world is warming. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of how climate change is affecting natural and human systems. There is increasing concern about the likely implicatio ...
... The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) states unequivocally that the world is warming. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of how climate change is affecting natural and human systems. There is increasing concern about the likely implicatio ...
Transportation & Climate Change in Manitoba – Proceedings
... permafrost and ice formation. The number of days that winter roads are safe to use has fallen from an average of 50 or 55 days to as low as 20 days in 1999/2000. On the other hand, while traffic has increased, fuel consumption and GHG emissions have not risen due to technological advances driven pri ...
... permafrost and ice formation. The number of days that winter roads are safe to use has fallen from an average of 50 or 55 days to as low as 20 days in 1999/2000. On the other hand, while traffic has increased, fuel consumption and GHG emissions have not risen due to technological advances driven pri ...
A Region Responds to a Changing Climate
... Welcome to the first Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan. The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (Compact), a unique and collaborative effort among Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe Counties, their municipalities and partners, has worked over the past two years to dev ...
... Welcome to the first Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan. The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (Compact), a unique and collaborative effort among Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe Counties, their municipalities and partners, has worked over the past two years to dev ...
Planning for Sea-Level Rise: State-by
... climate change and sea-level rise, education and information resources, financial assistance for property owners, open space and protected lands, and building code. Sea-level rise projections: No projections are mentioned in the report, however recommendations do focus on improving existing science ...
... climate change and sea-level rise, education and information resources, financial assistance for property owners, open space and protected lands, and building code. Sea-level rise projections: No projections are mentioned in the report, however recommendations do focus on improving existing science ...
a prediction market for climate outcomes
... indexed to a “basket” of climate outcomes, and (2) a cap-andtrade system of emissions permits that can be redeemed in the future in lieu of paying the carbon tax. The amount of the carbon tax in this proposal (per ton of CO2) would be set each year on the basis of some objective, non-manipulable cli ...
... indexed to a “basket” of climate outcomes, and (2) a cap-andtrade system of emissions permits that can be redeemed in the future in lieu of paying the carbon tax. The amount of the carbon tax in this proposal (per ton of CO2) would be set each year on the basis of some objective, non-manipulable cli ...
PDF - AMS Journals - American Meteorological Society
... Updated and improved satellite retrievals of the temperature of the mid-to-upper troposphere (TMT) are used to address key questions about the size and significance of TMT trends, agreement with model-derived TMT values, and whether models and satellite data show similar vertical profiles of warming ...
... Updated and improved satellite retrievals of the temperature of the mid-to-upper troposphere (TMT) are used to address key questions about the size and significance of TMT trends, agreement with model-derived TMT values, and whether models and satellite data show similar vertical profiles of warming ...
Climate Change in Southern South America During the Last
... such as the Little Ice Age (LIA), from 380 to 50 calendar years before present (cal year BP, where 1950 = 0 cal year BP) (Matthews and Briffa 2005), and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), between 950 and 750 cal year BP, have been identified in paleoclimate records throughout both hemispheres (Stin ...
... such as the Little Ice Age (LIA), from 380 to 50 calendar years before present (cal year BP, where 1950 = 0 cal year BP) (Matthews and Briffa 2005), and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), between 950 and 750 cal year BP, have been identified in paleoclimate records throughout both hemispheres (Stin ...
National Climate Change Strategy
... The development of this strategy responds to the above needs by ensuring that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigatio ...
... The development of this strategy responds to the above needs by ensuring that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigatio ...
Climate change and the northern Russian treeline zone
... produce a northward extension of boreal forest into areas now occupied by tundra (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2004). Such a northward extension of the boreal forest would serve to decrease high-latitude albedo and provide a positive feedback, further enhancing global warming (Bonan et al. 1995; ...
... produce a northward extension of boreal forest into areas now occupied by tundra (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2004). Such a northward extension of the boreal forest would serve to decrease high-latitude albedo and provide a positive feedback, further enhancing global warming (Bonan et al. 1995; ...
Climate Change in Zimbabwe - Konrad-Adenauer
... Deforestation has become a major problem in recent years as forests have been cleared in preparation for agriculture, for fencing and for use as firewood mainly for tobacco curing and brick making. Between 1990 and 2015 Zimbabwe lost 36% of its forest cover at a rate of 9% per decade.7 Destruction o ...
... Deforestation has become a major problem in recent years as forests have been cleared in preparation for agriculture, for fencing and for use as firewood mainly for tobacco curing and brick making. Between 1990 and 2015 Zimbabwe lost 36% of its forest cover at a rate of 9% per decade.7 Destruction o ...
Volume 1 - Assessment Report - Caribbean Regional Fisheries
... hazards as well. Agencies in the region see considerable convergence between CCA and DRM and encourage an integrated approach. Of prime concern to many stakeholders are the negative impacts of storms and hurricanes on small-scale marine fisheries. Despite the regional downscaling of global climate m ...
... hazards as well. Agencies in the region see considerable convergence between CCA and DRM and encourage an integrated approach. Of prime concern to many stakeholders are the negative impacts of storms and hurricanes on small-scale marine fisheries. Despite the regional downscaling of global climate m ...
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in
... hazards as well. Agencies in the region see considerable convergence between CCA and DRM and encourage an integrated approach. Of prime concern to many stakeholders are the negative impacts of storms and hurricanes on small-scale marine fisheries. Despite the regional downscaling of global climate m ...
... hazards as well. Agencies in the region see considerable convergence between CCA and DRM and encourage an integrated approach. Of prime concern to many stakeholders are the negative impacts of storms and hurricanes on small-scale marine fisheries. Despite the regional downscaling of global climate m ...
Chapter 12. Human Security - Center for International Earth Science
... There are many definitions of human security, which vary according to discipline. This Chapter defines human security, in the context of climate change, as a condition that exists when the vital core of human lives is protected, and when people have the freedom and capacity to live with dignity. In ...
... There are many definitions of human security, which vary according to discipline. This Chapter defines human security, in the context of climate change, as a condition that exists when the vital core of human lives is protected, and when people have the freedom and capacity to live with dignity. In ...
PDF
... Several studies have looked at the impact of climate change on wetlands. Larson (1995) and Sorenson et al. (1998) employed regression analyses to estimate the impact of climate change on wetlands in parts of the PPR. Johnson et al. (2005) used a simulation model to estimate the spatial impact of cli ...
... Several studies have looked at the impact of climate change on wetlands. Larson (1995) and Sorenson et al. (1998) employed regression analyses to estimate the impact of climate change on wetlands in parts of the PPR. Johnson et al. (2005) used a simulation model to estimate the spatial impact of cli ...
... plant life. Finally, buffer regions must be recognized as an integral part of any wetlands. A lake as an ecosystem clearly does not stop where the water meets the shore. Destroy the shore and its surroundings and you will eventually destroy the lake. The same is true for any wetland. Some states app ...
Climate Change and Himalayan Cold Deserts
... Blizzards, snowstorms and avalanches are common. The soil is not very productive and the climatic conditions allow a very short growing season. Water resources are minimal with glacier-fed streams being the only source of irrigation. In terms of habitation, they are usually sparsely inhabited, altho ...
... Blizzards, snowstorms and avalanches are common. The soil is not very productive and the climatic conditions allow a very short growing season. Water resources are minimal with glacier-fed streams being the only source of irrigation. In terms of habitation, they are usually sparsely inhabited, altho ...
Can Social Protection Increase Resilience to Climate Change?
... programmes contribute to strengthening the resilience of their recipients to climate change. The framework moves from earlier simplified approaches of ASP to a more systematic framework that highlights the importance of a dynamic approach to resilience and social protection which considers time and ...
... programmes contribute to strengthening the resilience of their recipients to climate change. The framework moves from earlier simplified approaches of ASP to a more systematic framework that highlights the importance of a dynamic approach to resilience and social protection which considers time and ...
Climate Change and Our Natural Resources A Report from the
... Figure 5: Egg-to-migrant survival for juvenile chinook in the Stillaguamish River under a range of annual peak flow magnitudes. Source: Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians...................................................................................................................................... ...
... Figure 5: Egg-to-migrant survival for juvenile chinook in the Stillaguamish River under a range of annual peak flow magnitudes. Source: Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians...................................................................................................................................... ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.