Document
... The Earth’s climate has changed in the past due to natural factors and these factors will also change the Earth’s climate in the future. Significant natural factors are, for example, volcanic activity and the activity of the sun. It has been generally accepted that human activities also contribute t ...
... The Earth’s climate has changed in the past due to natural factors and these factors will also change the Earth’s climate in the future. Significant natural factors are, for example, volcanic activity and the activity of the sun. It has been generally accepted that human activities also contribute t ...
Chapter 5: Pacific Island Developing Country Water Resources and
... small coral islands are particularly threatened by pollution because these islands are characterized by thin, highly permeable soil zones (Falkland and Custodio 1991). Many PIDCs rely on a single source of water, rendering them extremely vulnerable to natural variability in precipitation patterns or ...
... small coral islands are particularly threatened by pollution because these islands are characterized by thin, highly permeable soil zones (Falkland and Custodio 1991). Many PIDCs rely on a single source of water, rendering them extremely vulnerable to natural variability in precipitation patterns or ...
CLIMATE SCIENCE SURVEY
... impacts and mitigation, responded to the questionnaire. Certain results were selected from this survey, namely those pertaining to the causes of recent global warming (attribution), and have since been published in Environmental Science and Technology (ES&T) 1. This document presents the responses t ...
... impacts and mitigation, responded to the questionnaire. Certain results were selected from this survey, namely those pertaining to the causes of recent global warming (attribution), and have since been published in Environmental Science and Technology (ES&T) 1. This document presents the responses t ...
Focus on poleward shifts in species` distribution underestimates the
... Justin J. Perry3 and April E. Reside1,3 Species are largely predicted to shift poleward as global temperatures increase, with this fingerprint of climate change being already observed across a range of taxonomic groups and, mostly temperate, geographic locations1–5 . However, the assumption of uni-d ...
... Justin J. Perry3 and April E. Reside1,3 Species are largely predicted to shift poleward as global temperatures increase, with this fingerprint of climate change being already observed across a range of taxonomic groups and, mostly temperate, geographic locations1–5 . However, the assumption of uni-d ...
Climate Change`s Impact on the Caribbean`s Ability to Sustain
... tourism industry is based, including its biodiversity and beaches. Coral reefs, in particular, are an important tourist attraction.18 They play an essential role as physical barriers to ocean waves and as a vital habitat for fisheries.19 The Reefs at Risk project found that, in 2000, coral reefs pro ...
... tourism industry is based, including its biodiversity and beaches. Coral reefs, in particular, are an important tourist attraction.18 They play an essential role as physical barriers to ocean waves and as a vital habitat for fisheries.19 The Reefs at Risk project found that, in 2000, coral reefs pro ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... In May 2013, the Interagency Working Group (IWG) produced an updated SCC value by incorporating updates to the underlying three Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used in its initial 2010 SCC determination. But, at that time, the IWG did not update the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) employed ...
... In May 2013, the Interagency Working Group (IWG) produced an updated SCC value by incorporating updates to the underlying three Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used in its initial 2010 SCC determination. But, at that time, the IWG did not update the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) employed ...
Svalbard innmat
... The Arctic has over the last 2–3 decades experienced more warming than other regions of the world, and the ice cover has decreased in the order of 10% in the same period. Climate models furthermore indicate that anthropogenic global warming will be enhanced in the northern high latitudes due to comp ...
... The Arctic has over the last 2–3 decades experienced more warming than other regions of the world, and the ice cover has decreased in the order of 10% in the same period. Climate models furthermore indicate that anthropogenic global warming will be enhanced in the northern high latitudes due to comp ...
md462E
... Climate change and climate variability have put the countries in the Near East region (RNE), where scarce natural resources are already under considerable pressure at significant risk. RNE, one of the driest regions in the world, is vulnerable to extreme climatic events such as droughts, floods, sea ...
... Climate change and climate variability have put the countries in the Near East region (RNE), where scarce natural resources are already under considerable pressure at significant risk. RNE, one of the driest regions in the world, is vulnerable to extreme climatic events such as droughts, floods, sea ...
From Words to Facts: Acting on climate change
... temperatures and the modification of the rainfall cycles will impact the availability of water for the food production and for the populations. In Latin America and the Caribbean, in the past decade, more than 15 million people were affected by floods while more than 3 million were affected by extre ...
... temperatures and the modification of the rainfall cycles will impact the availability of water for the food production and for the populations. In Latin America and the Caribbean, in the past decade, more than 15 million people were affected by floods while more than 3 million were affected by extre ...
MOCA- Methane Emissions from the Arctic OCean to the
... to the atmosphere, and will identify the main influences on the atmospheric fraction. The detailed observation and process-based studies in WP1 will be up-scaled spatially over the Arctic region and for future time periods to generate CH4 emission estimates related to MH in the Arctic Ocean (WP2). F ...
... to the atmosphere, and will identify the main influences on the atmospheric fraction. The detailed observation and process-based studies in WP1 will be up-scaled spatially over the Arctic region and for future time periods to generate CH4 emission estimates related to MH in the Arctic Ocean (WP2). F ...
Hydroclimatic change and connections to aquatic ecosystem
... humpback chub populations between 2001 and 2008, perhaps due to warmer waters caused by drought (Hamill & Melis 2012). Management under climate change The potential impacts of regional hydroclimatic change on aquatic ecosystems below Glen Canyon Dam are not well understood. This is explained in part ...
... humpback chub populations between 2001 and 2008, perhaps due to warmer waters caused by drought (Hamill & Melis 2012). Management under climate change The potential impacts of regional hydroclimatic change on aquatic ecosystems below Glen Canyon Dam are not well understood. This is explained in part ...
All Climate Change is Local: Understanding and Predicting the
... Importantly, there are likely to be “winners” and “losers” in organismal responses to climate change, depending on how close organisms are living to their environmental limits and their thermal optima. Which species or populations are “winners” or “losers” may be determined by comparing the performa ...
... Importantly, there are likely to be “winners” and “losers” in organismal responses to climate change, depending on how close organisms are living to their environmental limits and their thermal optima. Which species or populations are “winners” or “losers” may be determined by comparing the performa ...
Climate change - Public Documents Profile Viewer
... changes in weather patterns, ice melts, the already visible rise in sea levels, and many other factors, such as increases in seawater acidity. Changes in climate create a variety of risks affecting human well-being (Stocker and others 2013; Field and others 2014). The likelihood and severity of thes ...
... changes in weather patterns, ice melts, the already visible rise in sea levels, and many other factors, such as increases in seawater acidity. Changes in climate create a variety of risks affecting human well-being (Stocker and others 2013; Field and others 2014). The likelihood and severity of thes ...
American Indians, Climate Change, and Ethics for a Warming World
... reflected back into the atmosphere.5 The atmosphere is a global commons; no matter where in the world you are, your emissions contribute to its increasing insulating properties. Further, the atmosphere cannot be compartmentalized. For example, the fact that the United States has the highest historic ...
... reflected back into the atmosphere.5 The atmosphere is a global commons; no matter where in the world you are, your emissions contribute to its increasing insulating properties. Further, the atmosphere cannot be compartmentalized. For example, the fact that the United States has the highest historic ...
CLIMAP builds on ongoing and recently completed adaptation
... A 3.2 km portion of the road section has ready been constructed, including the drainage works. The design for these was also based on an hourly rainfall of 178 mm for a 25 year recurrence interval. Analyses show that it is more costly to “climate proof” retroactively US$776,184 for a 3.2 km section ...
... A 3.2 km portion of the road section has ready been constructed, including the drainage works. The design for these was also based on an hourly rainfall of 178 mm for a 25 year recurrence interval. Analyses show that it is more costly to “climate proof” retroactively US$776,184 for a 3.2 km section ...
Phenology and Climate Change
... functioning of habitats and ecosystems are the most important ecological changes occurring in response to climate change. There is evidence that regional changes in climate have already affected biological systems around the world. Among all the studies and evidence on changing natural ecosystems co ...
... functioning of habitats and ecosystems are the most important ecological changes occurring in response to climate change. There is evidence that regional changes in climate have already affected biological systems around the world. Among all the studies and evidence on changing natural ecosystems co ...
full text pdf
... Climate change is one of the greatest contemporary threats to our planet's environmental, social and economic well-being, accompanied by major changes in life support systems on Earth, where the far-reaching effects will be felt in the coming decades. The Earth's climate is warming rapidly due to em ...
... Climate change is one of the greatest contemporary threats to our planet's environmental, social and economic well-being, accompanied by major changes in life support systems on Earth, where the far-reaching effects will be felt in the coming decades. The Earth's climate is warming rapidly due to em ...
The Fatal Flaw of the Global Warming Theory
... infrared (IR) and albedo energy flux to space and used this information in conjunction with the reanalysis data. Figure 6 shows the data sets we have used and Figure 7 shows the areas and locations over which we have combined our data sets with monthly and some daily rainfall information to observe ...
... infrared (IR) and albedo energy flux to space and used this information in conjunction with the reanalysis data. Figure 6 shows the data sets we have used and Figure 7 shows the areas and locations over which we have combined our data sets with monthly and some daily rainfall information to observe ...
instructions for formatting your manuscript
... buildup is dictated by temperature and precipitation, we used changes in temperature to determine the change in timing at which snow begins to accumulate. We scaled the rates of change in snow-covered area by changes in precipitation. We used years for which snowfall and temperature were representat ...
... buildup is dictated by temperature and precipitation, we used changes in temperature to determine the change in timing at which snow begins to accumulate. We scaled the rates of change in snow-covered area by changes in precipitation. We used years for which snowfall and temperature were representat ...
World Meteorological Organization
... world should be increased and strengthened to provide data on rainfall intensities, soil temperature and soil moisture for land degradation monitoring, assessment and for the implementation of the NAPs. Climatological and hydrological end products should be developed in coordination with end user ne ...
... world should be increased and strengthened to provide data on rainfall intensities, soil temperature and soil moisture for land degradation monitoring, assessment and for the implementation of the NAPs. Climatological and hydrological end products should be developed in coordination with end user ne ...
Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and
... decades in some regions. This finding is consistent with that of a recent tree-ring–based study of high-latitude Eurasian temperatures (18). Relative warmth in the central North Pacific MCA is consistent with the expected extratropical signature of the strong observed La Niña– like pattern in the tr ...
... decades in some regions. This finding is consistent with that of a recent tree-ring–based study of high-latitude Eurasian temperatures (18). Relative warmth in the central North Pacific MCA is consistent with the expected extratropical signature of the strong observed La Niña– like pattern in the tr ...
No Regrets Charter
... Large metropolises will be especially affected by climate change. Major cities, in particular, are heat islands. The overall effect of global warming and heat-island effects does not merely form the sum of those parts. As a result of coupling and mutual build-up effects, temperature increases in cit ...
... Large metropolises will be especially affected by climate change. Major cities, in particular, are heat islands. The overall effect of global warming and heat-island effects does not merely form the sum of those parts. As a result of coupling and mutual build-up effects, temperature increases in cit ...
WSB 8/5/1 Task Group Climate page 1 Agenda Item: 5 Subject
... Continue and further strengthen TG-C activities, including exchange of best practices. 4. Flexibility There is considerable uncertainty about climate change and its impacts regarding direction, timing and magnitude (e.g. plausible sea level rise projections vary among 0.2 and 1.4 m). These uncerta ...
... Continue and further strengthen TG-C activities, including exchange of best practices. 4. Flexibility There is considerable uncertainty about climate change and its impacts regarding direction, timing and magnitude (e.g. plausible sea level rise projections vary among 0.2 and 1.4 m). These uncerta ...
A summary for policymakers
... in a number of basins dominated by snow and ice show that water managers and users will need to adapt to change in the quantity and timing of water resources. This is not only relevant to local and regional scales, but also to communities and economic sectors downstream who are reliant on a range of ...
... in a number of basins dominated by snow and ice show that water managers and users will need to adapt to change in the quantity and timing of water resources. This is not only relevant to local and regional scales, but also to communities and economic sectors downstream who are reliant on a range of ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.