East Africa
... Probable changes in mean and extreme precipitation in East Africa are estimated from general circulation models (GCMs) prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Bayesian statistics are used to derive the relative weights assigned to each member in the ...
... Probable changes in mean and extreme precipitation in East Africa are estimated from general circulation models (GCMs) prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Bayesian statistics are used to derive the relative weights assigned to each member in the ...
AgriculturAl reseArch in 21st century: chAllenges fAcing the food
... climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth’s natural processes (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1349. php, 1994). In this sense, especi ...
... climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth’s natural processes (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1349. php, 1994). In this sense, especi ...
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... citizens. Here, foreign impacts would be valued the same as domestic impacts. Fourth, a country could argue that it has the duty to be a good neighbour2 and prevent damage to others and, failing that, feel guilty about the welfare loss it caused abroad. Fifth, a country could offer compensation for ...
... citizens. Here, foreign impacts would be valued the same as domestic impacts. Fourth, a country could argue that it has the duty to be a good neighbour2 and prevent damage to others and, failing that, feel guilty about the welfare loss it caused abroad. Fifth, a country could offer compensation for ...
Reconfiguring the Contours of Statehood and the Rights of Peoples
... self-determination and the desire of threatened states to continue the life of their state, even if that means relocating to a new setting. Throughout its history, the nation state has never depended entirely upon its territorial component. Other important elements include government, sovereignty, a ...
... self-determination and the desire of threatened states to continue the life of their state, even if that means relocating to a new setting. Throughout its history, the nation state has never depended entirely upon its territorial component. Other important elements include government, sovereignty, a ...
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... Over the last 30 years, the world has experienced significant temperature increases, particularly in the northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001). The research results of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the average temperature in Europe will increase from 2.1 to 4.4°C by 2050, ...
... Over the last 30 years, the world has experienced significant temperature increases, particularly in the northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001). The research results of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the average temperature in Europe will increase from 2.1 to 4.4°C by 2050, ...
sea-level rise
... 7 million square kilometres during the height of summer. As this report went to publication, sea ice was at a record low, close to 3 million km² in the Arctic Sea (NSIDC, 2012). Much of the heat in the atmosphere is also absorbed by the oceans, which release it back into the atmosphere (Hansen et al ...
... 7 million square kilometres during the height of summer. As this report went to publication, sea ice was at a record low, close to 3 million km² in the Arctic Sea (NSIDC, 2012). Much of the heat in the atmosphere is also absorbed by the oceans, which release it back into the atmosphere (Hansen et al ...
Impacts of Climate Change for the State of Indiana
... • An increase in the frequency and intensity of summer storms is likely to increase the frequency of flooding events and exacerbate summer soil moisture deficits in Indiana. • Vulnerability of soils to dry winters could increase the risk of multi-year droughts in Indiana. • The corn belt will likely ...
... • An increase in the frequency and intensity of summer storms is likely to increase the frequency of flooding events and exacerbate summer soil moisture deficits in Indiana. • Vulnerability of soils to dry winters could increase the risk of multi-year droughts in Indiana. • The corn belt will likely ...
RELIGION AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CROSS
... and grassroots mobilization. Discussion will consider the variety of ways that civil society groups engage climate and environment related policy issues in the US and India. How have civil society advocates framed the need to address climate and environmental concerns as a moral call to action? What ...
... and grassroots mobilization. Discussion will consider the variety of ways that civil society groups engage climate and environment related policy issues in the US and India. How have civil society advocates framed the need to address climate and environmental concerns as a moral call to action? What ...
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... of climate change. They can be classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘spatial-analogue’ approaches. The first approach is interdisciplinary and interlinks models from several disciplines (Schimmelpfennig et al. 1996; Adams et al. 1998a). A common method applied to interlink different type of models c ...
... of climate change. They can be classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘spatial-analogue’ approaches. The first approach is interdisciplinary and interlinks models from several disciplines (Schimmelpfennig et al. 1996; Adams et al. 1998a). A common method applied to interlink different type of models c ...
Robust spatially aggregated projections of climate
... mean changes in cold and hot extremes by the mid-century locally vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. W ...
... mean changes in cold and hot extremes by the mid-century locally vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. W ...
Loss & Damage
... …to enhanced understanding. 2011 - At SBI 34 the work programme is differentiated into three thematic areas: (1) Assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse impacts of climate change and current knowledge of the same (2) A range of approaches to addressing loss and damage at a ...
... …to enhanced understanding. 2011 - At SBI 34 the work programme is differentiated into three thematic areas: (1) Assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse impacts of climate change and current knowledge of the same (2) A range of approaches to addressing loss and damage at a ...
Reconciling anthropogenic climate change with observed
... correlation with the error from the long-run cointegrating relation, but the negative sign is inconsistent with the warming effect of stratospheric water vapor. We find no relation between stratospheric water vapor and error in the dynamics by which surface temperature adjusts to long- and short-run ...
... correlation with the error from the long-run cointegrating relation, but the negative sign is inconsistent with the warming effect of stratospheric water vapor. We find no relation between stratospheric water vapor and error in the dynamics by which surface temperature adjusts to long- and short-run ...
Language Work (para. 1)
... This film is a wake-up call that cuts through myths and misconceptions to deliver the message that global warming is a real and present danger. Former Vice President of the United States Al Gore convinces us that we must act now to save the earth. Each and every one of us can make changes in the w ...
... This film is a wake-up call that cuts through myths and misconceptions to deliver the message that global warming is a real and present danger. Former Vice President of the United States Al Gore convinces us that we must act now to save the earth. Each and every one of us can make changes in the w ...
Aerosol exposure versus aerosol cooling of climate
... the tropopause. According to IPCC (2007) it is “virtually certain” (i.e. >99% probability) that anthropogenic emissions of aerosols result in a total cooling effect on the global climate. Hence, increases in greenhouse gas concentrations would probably have caused more warming than observed if not a ...
... the tropopause. According to IPCC (2007) it is “virtually certain” (i.e. >99% probability) that anthropogenic emissions of aerosols result in a total cooling effect on the global climate. Hence, increases in greenhouse gas concentrations would probably have caused more warming than observed if not a ...
presentation - Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative
... – Structures the government’s role with respect to adaptation and assists it in establishing priorities for future action – Applies to domestic policy and actions on adaptation – Is an internal federal policy, with the option of future public announcements or further public policy development ...
... – Structures the government’s role with respect to adaptation and assists it in establishing priorities for future action – Applies to domestic policy and actions on adaptation – Is an internal federal policy, with the option of future public announcements or further public policy development ...
Climate Change and its Effects on Ecosystems, Habitats and Biota
... Gulf of Maine waters (Greene et al. 2008). One of the main reasons for this is the melting of Arctic sea ice. This melting will increase the global input of freshwater resulting in changes in salinity and circulation in the ocean system. Sea ice extent (the area of the ocean covered by at least 15% ...
... Gulf of Maine waters (Greene et al. 2008). One of the main reasons for this is the melting of Arctic sea ice. This melting will increase the global input of freshwater resulting in changes in salinity and circulation in the ocean system. Sea ice extent (the area of the ocean covered by at least 15% ...
Study Session 11 Impacts of Climate Change in Ethiopia
... The health impacts of climate change can be direct or indirect. The direct health impacts occur when climate changes in the temperature, precipitation and weather extremes affect our health and survival directly. For example, very hot weather can cause heat-related illness such as heat exhaustion an ...
... The health impacts of climate change can be direct or indirect. The direct health impacts occur when climate changes in the temperature, precipitation and weather extremes affect our health and survival directly. For example, very hot weather can cause heat-related illness such as heat exhaustion an ...
2000 year atmospheric history of methyl chloride from a South Pole
... alone are large enough to account for 23% of the total CH3Cl sink strength (assuming 4005 Tg/yr total sinks [Montzka et al., 2003]) suggesting that modest changes in emissions from tropical plants could produce variability of the magnitude observed in the ice core CH3Cl record. [14] Abiotic methylat ...
... alone are large enough to account for 23% of the total CH3Cl sink strength (assuming 4005 Tg/yr total sinks [Montzka et al., 2003]) suggesting that modest changes in emissions from tropical plants could produce variability of the magnitude observed in the ice core CH3Cl record. [14] Abiotic methylat ...
C.4: Climate Change - North American Duck Symposium
... Hedmark University College, Elverum, 2418, Norway ...
... Hedmark University College, Elverum, 2418, Norway ...
Climate Change on the Millennial Timescale
... thinking exclusively within the anthroposphere (the human world) – given the changes of human society that have occurred over the last thousand years, it seems great folly to try to predict where humanity might be in a thousand years time. However, if we could step up a level and see things from an ...
... thinking exclusively within the anthroposphere (the human world) – given the changes of human society that have occurred over the last thousand years, it seems great folly to try to predict where humanity might be in a thousand years time. However, if we could step up a level and see things from an ...
Slide 1
... However, there are uncertainties in this estimate mostly due to uncertainty about how much water will be lost from ice sheets (Bindoff et al., 2007). For example Greenland is showing rising loss of mass in recent years (UNEP, 2007). Increased melting of sea ice and freshwater influx from melting gl ...
... However, there are uncertainties in this estimate mostly due to uncertainty about how much water will be lost from ice sheets (Bindoff et al., 2007). For example Greenland is showing rising loss of mass in recent years (UNEP, 2007). Increased melting of sea ice and freshwater influx from melting gl ...
Referencing Guides: Harvard
... Sometimes you may need to refer to an author who is cited in another source. Ideally you should use the original (primary) source, but if you are unable to access the primary source, you may cite it as a secondary source, clearly identifying this as follows: Example: The greenhouse effect was first ...
... Sometimes you may need to refer to an author who is cited in another source. Ideally you should use the original (primary) source, but if you are unable to access the primary source, you may cite it as a secondary source, clearly identifying this as follows: Example: The greenhouse effect was first ...
From the report accepted by Working Group I
... While many factors continue to influence climate, scientists have determined that human activities have become a dominant force, and are responsible for most of the warming observed over the past 50 years. Human-caused climate change has resulted primarily from changes in the amounts of greenhouse g ...
... While many factors continue to influence climate, scientists have determined that human activities have become a dominant force, and are responsible for most of the warming observed over the past 50 years. Human-caused climate change has resulted primarily from changes in the amounts of greenhouse g ...
Increasing Mississippi river discharge throughout the 21st century
... [Piao et al., 2007; Shi et al., 2011], but how future land use would contribute to changes in river discharge still remains far from clear. Given that warmer climatic conditions and more intensive land use change have been projected to occur in nearly all major regions across the globe, there is an ...
... [Piao et al., 2007; Shi et al., 2011], but how future land use would contribute to changes in river discharge still remains far from clear. Given that warmer climatic conditions and more intensive land use change have been projected to occur in nearly all major regions across the globe, there is an ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.