- Energy
... of the system (de Beurs and Henebry, 2004). The extent to which short-term climate variability and, hence, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events will be altered by climate change remains uncertain, although there is also growing evidence that future climate change is likely to increa ...
... of the system (de Beurs and Henebry, 2004). The extent to which short-term climate variability and, hence, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events will be altered by climate change remains uncertain, although there is also growing evidence that future climate change is likely to increa ...
EThekwini - Urban Energy Support
... resultant mitigation spin-offs in terms of the buildings energy efficiency project, very little internal institutional momentum and knowledge was built around the issue of climate change per se. This was the result, in part, of the fact that the CCP campaign in South Africa did not offer the partici ...
... resultant mitigation spin-offs in terms of the buildings energy efficiency project, very little internal institutional momentum and knowledge was built around the issue of climate change per se. This was the result, in part, of the fact that the CCP campaign in South Africa did not offer the partici ...
Climate Scientists and the Consensus on Climate Change
... - agreed that if ‘climate change’ were to occur it would ‘occur so suddenly that a lack of preparation could result in devastation of some areas of the world’ (2007, fig. 33). In short, only a minority was alarmist. But few agreed (15% in 1996 and 15% in 2003) that there was ‘enough uncertainty abo ...
... - agreed that if ‘climate change’ were to occur it would ‘occur so suddenly that a lack of preparation could result in devastation of some areas of the world’ (2007, fig. 33). In short, only a minority was alarmist. But few agreed (15% in 1996 and 15% in 2003) that there was ‘enough uncertainty abo ...
Supplementary Information - Stockholm Resilience Centre
... major differences. Beside the very high level of aggregation of the variable and the admittedly enormous uncertainty around the half-life assumption (Turner 2008), the description of the persistent pollution variable does not suggest that cumulative, nonlinear threshold effects with potentially irre ...
... major differences. Beside the very high level of aggregation of the variable and the admittedly enormous uncertainty around the half-life assumption (Turner 2008), the description of the persistent pollution variable does not suggest that cumulative, nonlinear threshold effects with potentially irre ...
Stern Review
... effect on the climate in the second half of this century and in the next. No-one can predict the consequences of climate change with complete certainty; but we now know enough to understand the risks. Mitigation - taking strong action to reduce emissions - must be viewed as an investment, a cost inc ...
... effect on the climate in the second half of this century and in the next. No-one can predict the consequences of climate change with complete certainty; but we now know enough to understand the risks. Mitigation - taking strong action to reduce emissions - must be viewed as an investment, a cost inc ...
STERN REVIEW: The Economics of Climate
... Climate change presents a unique challenge for economics: it is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen. The economic analysis must therefore be global, deal with long time horizons, have the economics of risk and uncertainty at centre stage, and examine the possibility of major, no ...
... Climate change presents a unique challenge for economics: it is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen. The economic analysis must therefore be global, deal with long time horizons, have the economics of risk and uncertainty at centre stage, and examine the possibility of major, no ...
Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier in a World of
... In areas strongly affected by climate change (hot spots) there are multiple stresses on human security (Figure 2). Hydro‐meteorological disasters (storms, floods and droughts) are an immediate danger to life and health of the most affected people (Germanwatch 2014) in developing countries (e.g. I ...
... In areas strongly affected by climate change (hot spots) there are multiple stresses on human security (Figure 2). Hydro‐meteorological disasters (storms, floods and droughts) are an immediate danger to life and health of the most affected people (Germanwatch 2014) in developing countries (e.g. I ...
IS THERE A HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER OF YOUR CLIMATE
... implementation of the Montreal Protocol (1987) to stop the deterioration of the ozone layer are also greenhouse gases. Other connections are more complex and have not yet been sufficiently studied. For instance, the scientific community has evidence that the warming of the troposphere causes the str ...
... implementation of the Montreal Protocol (1987) to stop the deterioration of the ozone layer are also greenhouse gases. Other connections are more complex and have not yet been sufficiently studied. For instance, the scientific community has evidence that the warming of the troposphere causes the str ...
Climate change adaptation in Scotland Indicator
... A comprehensive survey of snow-bed vegetation was carried out in 1989-1990, for 58 areas of late-lying snow across Scotland. Scottish Natural Heritage commissioned a repeat survey of 22 of the original 58 snow-beds during 20072008 (Fig. 1, Table 1); these were located across western and central moun ...
... A comprehensive survey of snow-bed vegetation was carried out in 1989-1990, for 58 areas of late-lying snow across Scotland. Scottish Natural Heritage commissioned a repeat survey of 22 of the original 58 snow-beds during 20072008 (Fig. 1, Table 1); these were located across western and central moun ...
Chapter 5. Brief history of climate: causes and mechanisms
... Since the beginning of Earth’s history, climate has varied on all timescales. Over millions of years, it has swung between very warm conditions, with annual mean temperatures above 10°C in polar regions and glacial climates in which the ice sheets covered the majority of the mid-latitude continents. ...
... Since the beginning of Earth’s history, climate has varied on all timescales. Over millions of years, it has swung between very warm conditions, with annual mean temperatures above 10°C in polar regions and glacial climates in which the ice sheets covered the majority of the mid-latitude continents. ...
Global Climate Change - Pearson Higher Education
... many tourists who visit. For its 370,000 residents, this island nation in the Indian Ocean is home. But residents and tourists alike now fear that the Maldives could soon be submerged by the rising seas brought by global climate change. In this nation of 1200 islands, the highest point is just 2.4 m ...
... many tourists who visit. For its 370,000 residents, this island nation in the Indian Ocean is home. But residents and tourists alike now fear that the Maldives could soon be submerged by the rising seas brought by global climate change. In this nation of 1200 islands, the highest point is just 2.4 m ...
Projecting australian climate change
... the second half of the 20th century. Streamflow has fallen significantly in the water catchment areas of the southern regions of Australia. Some of these changes are attributed by the mainstream science to human-induced global warming. Effects of future warming on rainfall patterns are difficult to ...
... the second half of the 20th century. Streamflow has fallen significantly in the water catchment areas of the southern regions of Australia. Some of these changes are attributed by the mainstream science to human-induced global warming. Effects of future warming on rainfall patterns are difficult to ...
Text S1: Models, Climate Change Scenario Linkages, and
... This paper reports on the economic performance of the Blue Nile infrastructure under conditions corresponding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s A2 scenario. This scenario was constructed using downscaled projections for 2050 from three models from the IPCC reports: PCM, CSIRO and HA ...
... This paper reports on the economic performance of the Blue Nile infrastructure under conditions corresponding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s A2 scenario. This scenario was constructed using downscaled projections for 2050 from three models from the IPCC reports: PCM, CSIRO and HA ...
Climate Change - The Right Insight
... hurricanes. Knowing that climate is changing, or has changed, requires a detailed and accurate record of what the climate was; and, of how the climate is changing. Accumulating such a record is a major challenge, made even more demanding by the fact that, with both weather and climate, each day is u ...
... hurricanes. Knowing that climate is changing, or has changed, requires a detailed and accurate record of what the climate was; and, of how the climate is changing. Accumulating such a record is a major challenge, made even more demanding by the fact that, with both weather and climate, each day is u ...
AIACC Regional Study Abstracts
... downscaling and the more demanding regional climate models -- both of which have been identified in the IPCC 2001 Third Assessment Report as having equal skill with respective advantages in different impact sectors. Substantial capacity has already been developed at the host institution and through ...
... downscaling and the more demanding regional climate models -- both of which have been identified in the IPCC 2001 Third Assessment Report as having equal skill with respective advantages in different impact sectors. Substantial capacity has already been developed at the host institution and through ...
Adaptation and Mitigation Reponses to Climate Change
... assessing their perceptions and beliefs about climate change and their behavioral intentions to reduce their personal energy use (a mitigation action, as it will reduce greenhouse gas emissions). Some of the individuals (about 20 percent) had experienced recent flooding in their local area, while ot ...
... assessing their perceptions and beliefs about climate change and their behavioral intentions to reduce their personal energy use (a mitigation action, as it will reduce greenhouse gas emissions). Some of the individuals (about 20 percent) had experienced recent flooding in their local area, while ot ...
The Ivory Lighthouse: communicating climate change
... change and negotiating actions such as limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The social sciences and humanities have a much larger role to play in understanding what ...
... change and negotiating actions such as limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The social sciences and humanities have a much larger role to play in understanding what ...
Human contribution to more-intense precipitation extremes
... in the characteristics of such events, including recent increases in the intensity of heavy precipitation events over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere land area3–5, is critical for reliable projections of future changes. Given that atmospheric water-holding capacity is expected to increase ro ...
... in the characteristics of such events, including recent increases in the intensity of heavy precipitation events over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere land area3–5, is critical for reliable projections of future changes. Given that atmospheric water-holding capacity is expected to increase ro ...
Climate Change
... radiation) create pressure differences that affect wind patterns, and wind patterns are very important in determining where rain falls and where it does not.7 Why Is Climate Change a Problem? Current average global temperatures are now about 0.8ºC (1.4º F) above what they were in pre-industrial tim ...
... radiation) create pressure differences that affect wind patterns, and wind patterns are very important in determining where rain falls and where it does not.7 Why Is Climate Change a Problem? Current average global temperatures are now about 0.8ºC (1.4º F) above what they were in pre-industrial tim ...
Climate modeling at various spatial and temporal scales: where can
... sea-surface temperatures are prescribed for the ocean component of a climate model, climate predictability in the long term becomes questionable because features such as the quasi-periodic El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which exert major controls on the climate system, are not taken into accou ...
... sea-surface temperatures are prescribed for the ocean component of a climate model, climate predictability in the long term becomes questionable because features such as the quasi-periodic El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which exert major controls on the climate system, are not taken into accou ...
Climate change - ACT Government
... Research the impact climate change is having or will have on an Australian ecosystem or an industry. Consider the following: What are the needs of the community? What is or would be the impact of climate change on the ecosystem or industry? What needs to change to reduce the impact of climate ...
... Research the impact climate change is having or will have on an Australian ecosystem or an industry. Consider the following: What are the needs of the community? What is or would be the impact of climate change on the ecosystem or industry? What needs to change to reduce the impact of climate ...
Building ecosystem resilience for climate change adaptation in the
... Plateau has been greater than two times the global average, and regional climate appears to be shifting with potential to trigger large-scale ecosystem regime shifts (‘landscape traps’). A host of other drivers—urbanization/infrastructure development, land-use/agricultural practices, upstream/downst ...
... Plateau has been greater than two times the global average, and regional climate appears to be shifting with potential to trigger large-scale ecosystem regime shifts (‘landscape traps’). A host of other drivers—urbanization/infrastructure development, land-use/agricultural practices, upstream/downst ...
Carrie_Kissman_
... Another tool commonly used by climate change scientists is a temperature anomaly plot. Yearly temperature anomalies indicate how much warmer or colder a given year is compared with the long-term average temperature. These plots are useful because they clearly indicate anomalously warm and cold year ...
... Another tool commonly used by climate change scientists is a temperature anomaly plot. Yearly temperature anomalies indicate how much warmer or colder a given year is compared with the long-term average temperature. These plots are useful because they clearly indicate anomalously warm and cold year ...
PDF
... to change, the methodology used here does not capture the full impact of adaptation to climate change. Assuming the land base is constant almost certainly provides conservative estimates of loss due to negative climate change impacts,s The potential effects of carbon dioxide fertilization are also n ...
... to change, the methodology used here does not capture the full impact of adaptation to climate change. Assuming the land base is constant almost certainly provides conservative estimates of loss due to negative climate change impacts,s The potential effects of carbon dioxide fertilization are also n ...
Extended Abstract
... Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 120 David L. Boren Blvd., Rm. 5234 Norman, OK 73072-7307 ...
... Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 120 David L. Boren Blvd., Rm. 5234 Norman, OK 73072-7307 ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.