The Climate and Cryosphere
... to observe and model snow- and ice-cover extent, thickness, and radiative and thermal properties is of particular significance for climate research. Changes in the extent and characteristics of global snow and ice cover will have broad impacts on the climate system, including the major modes of circ ...
... to observe and model snow- and ice-cover extent, thickness, and radiative and thermal properties is of particular significance for climate research. Changes in the extent and characteristics of global snow and ice cover will have broad impacts on the climate system, including the major modes of circ ...
Extended Abstract
... Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 120 David L. Boren Blvd., Rm. 5234 Norman, OK 73072-7307 ...
... Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 120 David L. Boren Blvd., Rm. 5234 Norman, OK 73072-7307 ...
CLIMSAVE_Socio-economic_Scenarios_Presentation
... and kasper Kok (email: [email protected]) or visit the project website (www.climsave.eu) Funded under the European Commission ...
... and kasper Kok (email: [email protected]) or visit the project website (www.climsave.eu) Funded under the European Commission ...
4. The response of the climate system to a
... the air temperature, its humidity and the vertical stability of the air column. This affects the formation and lifetime of clouds, and is referred to as the semi-direct effect of aerosols. The most recent estimates of the radiative forcing associated with the cloud-albedo effect are between –0.3 and ...
... the air temperature, its humidity and the vertical stability of the air column. This affects the formation and lifetime of clouds, and is referred to as the semi-direct effect of aerosols. The most recent estimates of the radiative forcing associated with the cloud-albedo effect are between –0.3 and ...
The climate of the Mediterranean region: research progress and
... and trend of precipitation in various areas of the Mediterranean region. Precipitation is a key variable in the Mediterranean region as its future decrease can be very critical for human activities, and, as if further exacerbated by increased temperatures, it can lead to more frequent droughts. Cort ...
... and trend of precipitation in various areas of the Mediterranean region. Precipitation is a key variable in the Mediterranean region as its future decrease can be very critical for human activities, and, as if further exacerbated by increased temperatures, it can lead to more frequent droughts. Cort ...
Feng et al (2009)
... bias. In part C of Table 2, we use only precipitation and its square as IV and rerun FE-TSLS and FE-LIML. Similarly, part D of Table 2 reports results that take into account only annual mean temperature and summer mean temperature and their squares as instruments in the Zit vector. Overall, the resu ...
... bias. In part C of Table 2, we use only precipitation and its square as IV and rerun FE-TSLS and FE-LIML. Similarly, part D of Table 2 reports results that take into account only annual mean temperature and summer mean temperature and their squares as instruments in the Zit vector. Overall, the resu ...
Chapter 7 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
4. Influence of Climate Change on the Condition of the Catchment`s
... potentially placing further pressure on land condition. ...
... potentially placing further pressure on land condition. ...
Managing Water Resources for Climate Change
... The impacts of climate change are calculated through the use of scientific models called Global Circulation Models (GCM). There are a number of such models, and each is based on slightly different assumptions or rules. Because of the number of different factors affecting the global climate, it is ve ...
... The impacts of climate change are calculated through the use of scientific models called Global Circulation Models (GCM). There are a number of such models, and each is based on slightly different assumptions or rules. Because of the number of different factors affecting the global climate, it is ve ...
Dynamic modeling of adaptation indicators related to climate
... taking preparations for the possible future impacts. Beside the anticipatory behaviour the adaptation does include minimising or reducing the unavoidable consequences of the altering process at the present and based on their degree of spontaneity they can be autonomous or planned (IPCC, 2001). Even ...
... taking preparations for the possible future impacts. Beside the anticipatory behaviour the adaptation does include minimising or reducing the unavoidable consequences of the altering process at the present and based on their degree of spontaneity they can be autonomous or planned (IPCC, 2001). Even ...
- Harvard University
... ways, in particular by modifying the hydrological cycle and vegetation dynamics. ...
... ways, in particular by modifying the hydrological cycle and vegetation dynamics. ...
Dynamic and thermodynamic changes in mean and extreme
... more than the mean under future changed climate, but its mechanism is not clear. We have separated the ‘dynamic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ components of the mean and extreme precipitation changes projected in 6 climate model experiments. The dynamic change is due to the change in atmospheric motion, while ...
... more than the mean under future changed climate, but its mechanism is not clear. We have separated the ‘dynamic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ components of the mean and extreme precipitation changes projected in 6 climate model experiments. The dynamic change is due to the change in atmospheric motion, while ...
NONLINEARITIES, FEEDBACKS AND CRITICAL THRESHOLDS
... The ice ages of the Pleistocene are remarkable quasi-periodic events of past global climate change. At their peak global mean temperature was over 4 ◦ C lower than today, and enormous ice sheets several kilometers thick covered most of northern North America and Eurasia. However, the records of the ...
... The ice ages of the Pleistocene are remarkable quasi-periodic events of past global climate change. At their peak global mean temperature was over 4 ◦ C lower than today, and enormous ice sheets several kilometers thick covered most of northern North America and Eurasia. However, the records of the ...
Linking Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge of Climate Change
... this rich body of knowledge can inform science, and science can in turn perhaps contribute tools and methods that will allow indigenous communities to make informed decisions about their current situations and future prospects. Faithfully representing the people, voices, and history that hold much o ...
... this rich body of knowledge can inform science, and science can in turn perhaps contribute tools and methods that will allow indigenous communities to make informed decisions about their current situations and future prospects. Faithfully representing the people, voices, and history that hold much o ...
Million Species
... During the last 100,000 years, modern humans have spread across the world from their center of origin in Africa, reaching the Middle East by 90,000 years ago, Australia by 48,000 years ago (based on tlle most s(:cure evidence presently known, Gillespie et al., 2006), Europe by 40,000-50,000 years ag ...
... During the last 100,000 years, modern humans have spread across the world from their center of origin in Africa, reaching the Middle East by 90,000 years ago, Australia by 48,000 years ago (based on tlle most s(:cure evidence presently known, Gillespie et al., 2006), Europe by 40,000-50,000 years ag ...
Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and
... cushion plants, and bogs) ecosystems of the Andes have received considerably less attention than have the lowland Amazon humid forest in terms of regime shifts. The Andes region harbors more species richness per unit area than the Amazon does (figure 1) and is under heavy human pressure (Buytaert et ...
... cushion plants, and bogs) ecosystems of the Andes have received considerably less attention than have the lowland Amazon humid forest in terms of regime shifts. The Andes region harbors more species richness per unit area than the Amazon does (figure 1) and is under heavy human pressure (Buytaert et ...
Chapter 4 Impact of Climate Change on Low Islands The Tarawa
... further depletion of reef fisheries, failure of the reef to act as an effective buffer of wave energy, and increased island instability as sediment resources decline. The economic losses of coral reef degradation attributed to climate change would be in the order of US$200,000– $500,000 a year prima ...
... further depletion of reef fisheries, failure of the reef to act as an effective buffer of wave energy, and increased island instability as sediment resources decline. The economic losses of coral reef degradation attributed to climate change would be in the order of US$200,000– $500,000 a year prima ...
(2007) Interactions between climate change and contaminants
... release of the fourth IPCC report (IPCC, 2007), it has become clear that the observed and projected changes are partly driven by human activities and that we may have to face more serious changes in the near future. More and more scientific evidence has been accumulated showing that temperature has r ...
... release of the fourth IPCC report (IPCC, 2007), it has become clear that the observed and projected changes are partly driven by human activities and that we may have to face more serious changes in the near future. More and more scientific evidence has been accumulated showing that temperature has r ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... utility of consumption and a quadratic disutility- loss function of temperature change, may make just as much sense for evaluating extreme climate damages. The distinction between multiplicative and additive welfare specifications may seem arcane, but I explain why it can make a surprisingly signifi ...
... utility of consumption and a quadratic disutility- loss function of temperature change, may make just as much sense for evaluating extreme climate damages. The distinction between multiplicative and additive welfare specifications may seem arcane, but I explain why it can make a surprisingly signifi ...
10-03
... warm weather in 1957 and 1958 also stimulated one of the largest white spruce cone crops (seeds released in 1958) of the previous several decades. In the boreal forest of Alaska most of the white spruce between twenty-five to sixty-five years old encountered today actually date from the 1958 cone cr ...
... warm weather in 1957 and 1958 also stimulated one of the largest white spruce cone crops (seeds released in 1958) of the previous several decades. In the boreal forest of Alaska most of the white spruce between twenty-five to sixty-five years old encountered today actually date from the 1958 cone cr ...
quantifying the impact of climate change on
... New ground-breaking scientific research in 2014 can now tell us just how much of an influence climate change has on a single heatwave or heat records. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the ...
... New ground-breaking scientific research in 2014 can now tell us just how much of an influence climate change has on a single heatwave or heat records. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the ...
Submission PDF Communicating the deadly consequences of
... follow a non-linear relationship with global mean air temperature over the range considered here. With the area-weighted (where is the fraction of the mean heat stress defined as Earth’s land surface experiencing dangerous HI, and is the areaweighted mean number of days experienced within this regio ...
... follow a non-linear relationship with global mean air temperature over the range considered here. With the area-weighted (where is the fraction of the mean heat stress defined as Earth’s land surface experiencing dangerous HI, and is the areaweighted mean number of days experienced within this regio ...
SC/2008/xxx - asian parliamentary assembly
... Being concerned that people from the Asian developing countries, especially women and children living in poverty, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of their limited capacity and resources to respond, and that this gives them a particular claim on the solidarity and ...
... Being concerned that people from the Asian developing countries, especially women and children living in poverty, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of their limited capacity and resources to respond, and that this gives them a particular claim on the solidarity and ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.