Infectious disease, development, and climate change: a
... that they are prevalent in places where the weather is hot and wet and where the people are poor (e.g., WHO, 2005). Although closer study reveals a multitude of complexity and nuances (e.g., Casman and Dowlatabadi, 2002), climate determines the potential of many infectious diseases to flourish, whil ...
... that they are prevalent in places where the weather is hot and wet and where the people are poor (e.g., WHO, 2005). Although closer study reveals a multitude of complexity and nuances (e.g., Casman and Dowlatabadi, 2002), climate determines the potential of many infectious diseases to flourish, whil ...
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report
... Location of weather stations in Ireland which are used in the report Global and national air temperature anomaly, from the 1961-1990 mean Mean annual air temperature index, 1890-2004 Change in annual and seasonal mean temperature for the 1961-2005 period Winter and summer mean maximum and mean minim ...
... Location of weather stations in Ireland which are used in the report Global and national air temperature anomaly, from the 1961-1990 mean Mean annual air temperature index, 1890-2004 Change in annual and seasonal mean temperature for the 1961-2005 period Winter and summer mean maximum and mean minim ...
Hedonic Pricing of Climate Change Impacts to
... These analyses were mainly conducted for the United States.5 Valuation studies for Europe are much less frequent, although their number is increasing.6 Empirical work in Europe has been mainly prepared using the contingent valuation method, only very few valuation studies make use of the hedonic pri ...
... These analyses were mainly conducted for the United States.5 Valuation studies for Europe are much less frequent, although their number is increasing.6 Empirical work in Europe has been mainly prepared using the contingent valuation method, only very few valuation studies make use of the hedonic pri ...
Sustainability and Risk: Climate Change and Fiduciary Duty WORKSHOP REPORT
... of increasing greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations of those gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. The scientific-consensus “best estimates” are that continuing “business-as-usual” greenhouse-gas emissions will lead to: Increases of 0.2–0.4°C per decade in global-average surface temperature, or 2–4° ...
... of increasing greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations of those gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. The scientific-consensus “best estimates” are that continuing “business-as-usual” greenhouse-gas emissions will lead to: Increases of 0.2–0.4°C per decade in global-average surface temperature, or 2–4° ...
The World Meteorological Organization at a glance
... potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation. In recognition of its “efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change,” the IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ...
... potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation. In recognition of its “efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change,” the IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ...
Read full text
... (o) Mitigation potential shall refer to the scale of GHG reductions that could be made, relative to emission baselines, for a given level of carbon price (expressed in cost per unit of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions avoided or reduced). (p) Sea level rise refers to an increase in sea level whic ...
... (o) Mitigation potential shall refer to the scale of GHG reductions that could be made, relative to emission baselines, for a given level of carbon price (expressed in cost per unit of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions avoided or reduced). (p) Sea level rise refers to an increase in sea level whic ...
Untangling interactions: do temperature and habitat fragmentation
... Kozlov [13], who found that the adverse impact of carbon dioxide elevation on herbivore performance was offset by the favourable impact of increased temperature. Systems subjected to multiple, usually sequential stressors such as imposed by global change, may therefore enter alternative abnormal sta ...
... Kozlov [13], who found that the adverse impact of carbon dioxide elevation on herbivore performance was offset by the favourable impact of increased temperature. Systems subjected to multiple, usually sequential stressors such as imposed by global change, may therefore enter alternative abnormal sta ...
An analysis of climate trends in the Susquehanna River basin
... exist naturally within the atmosphere (IPCC 2007; Miller 2008). These gases trap outgoing terrestrial radiation, which in turn warms the surface of the Earth through reradiation (Miller 2008). Long term climate analyses show that recent changes in average climate are due to increases in carbon dioxi ...
... exist naturally within the atmosphere (IPCC 2007; Miller 2008). These gases trap outgoing terrestrial radiation, which in turn warms the surface of the Earth through reradiation (Miller 2008). Long term climate analyses show that recent changes in average climate are due to increases in carbon dioxi ...
Annotated draft outline of the 2016 EEA CCIV report
... Cross-border impacts and adaptation related to flooding in Vac (Hungary) (Source: E3G) 5.5 Vulnerability to ...
... Cross-border impacts and adaptation related to flooding in Vac (Hungary) (Source: E3G) 5.5 Vulnerability to ...
climate change - the National Sea Grant Library
... Winter precipitation is projected to increase by as much as 30 percent, while summer precipitation may decline as much as 20 percent. As the amount ...
... Winter precipitation is projected to increase by as much as 30 percent, while summer precipitation may decline as much as 20 percent. As the amount ...
Towards a typology for constrained climate model forecasts
... The sheer number of under-determined parameters in climate models also makes it impossible to ensure that, for a given model structure, all important uncertainties have actually been sampled. This is illustrated graphically in [53, 54], where nominally similar parameters were varied over nominally s ...
... The sheer number of under-determined parameters in climate models also makes it impossible to ensure that, for a given model structure, all important uncertainties have actually been sampled. This is illustrated graphically in [53, 54], where nominally similar parameters were varied over nominally s ...
Future deforestation in the Amazon and consequences
... The effect of evapo-transpiration on local energy budgets is thought to be the dominant mechanism through which changes in vegetation in tropical forests modify local climates. The conversion of land to soy cultivation has been observed to increase runoff 3-fold in comparison to forested areas (Hayh ...
... The effect of evapo-transpiration on local energy budgets is thought to be the dominant mechanism through which changes in vegetation in tropical forests modify local climates. The conversion of land to soy cultivation has been observed to increase runoff 3-fold in comparison to forested areas (Hayh ...
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate - Recent Research Results
... other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates ...
... other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates ...
Impacts of climate change on Australia`s World Heritage properties
... The latest United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report states that ‘global warming is unequivocal’ and is due largely to an increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), caused by burning fossil fuels. Australia’s average surface temperature has increased by ...
... The latest United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report states that ‘global warming is unequivocal’ and is due largely to an increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), caused by burning fossil fuels. Australia’s average surface temperature has increased by ...
The Greatest Challenges of Our Time
... sovereign states have become all the more intertwined with each other. National decisions and behavior now very often influence the inhabitants of other nations or even all humanity. The global community has successively begun to resemble a world enterprise – although it is still an underdeveloped e ...
... sovereign states have become all the more intertwined with each other. National decisions and behavior now very often influence the inhabitants of other nations or even all humanity. The global community has successively begun to resemble a world enterprise – although it is still an underdeveloped e ...
Climate change effects on above- and below
... the idea that plants will be less affected by climatic changes than by other trophic levels. Enhanced rain also affected the interaction between detritivores and free-living herbivores. The effect, however, was apparent only for generalist and not for specialist herbivores, demonstrating a different ...
... the idea that plants will be less affected by climatic changes than by other trophic levels. Enhanced rain also affected the interaction between detritivores and free-living herbivores. The effect, however, was apparent only for generalist and not for specialist herbivores, demonstrating a different ...
1/ Format an contents of the « National overview…
... are direct human pressure, and impacts derived from climate change, as sea level rise, and subsequent erosion, increase seawater temperature, frequency of extreme climate events (heat waves, medicanes, drought/floods), seawater hypoxia, seawater stratification and seawater acidification, as well as ...
... are direct human pressure, and impacts derived from climate change, as sea level rise, and subsequent erosion, increase seawater temperature, frequency of extreme climate events (heat waves, medicanes, drought/floods), seawater hypoxia, seawater stratification and seawater acidification, as well as ...
Contrasting responses of mean and extreme snowfall to climate
... Figure 2. Multi-model ensemble trends in snowfall (2006 to 2100, units cm year-1 decade-1). Annual (A), SON (B), DJF (C), and MAM (D). Contours of 2-m temperature at intervals of 10 ºC are also shown from the multi-model ensemble for the period 1986-2005. Hatching denotes regions of statistically si ...
... Figure 2. Multi-model ensemble trends in snowfall (2006 to 2100, units cm year-1 decade-1). Annual (A), SON (B), DJF (C), and MAM (D). Contours of 2-m temperature at intervals of 10 ºC are also shown from the multi-model ensemble for the period 1986-2005. Hatching denotes regions of statistically si ...
Climate Change Detection and Attribution: Beyond Mean
... vector of units (i.e., the model signal does not need to be rescaled to match the observations). A complete attribution assessment accounts for competing mechanisms of climate change as completely as possible, as discussed by Mitchell et al. (2001). Increasingly, Bayesian approaches are used as an a ...
... vector of units (i.e., the model signal does not need to be rescaled to match the observations). A complete attribution assessment accounts for competing mechanisms of climate change as completely as possible, as discussed by Mitchell et al. (2001). Increasingly, Bayesian approaches are used as an a ...
Climate change and Tourism in the Alps: a position paper in view of
... Data about past average trends is certainly informative but its usefulness can be questioned when it comes to the estimation of future climate dynamics at the local level. This is because (a) the climate system exhibits a complex and non linear behaviour, and (b) different micro-climates may coexist ...
... Data about past average trends is certainly informative but its usefulness can be questioned when it comes to the estimation of future climate dynamics at the local level. This is because (a) the climate system exhibits a complex and non linear behaviour, and (b) different micro-climates may coexist ...
Americans` Knowledge of Climate Change
... perhaps unsurprising that they lack detailed knowledge about the issue. Instead, these results likely reflect the unorganized and sometimes contradictory fragments of information Americans have absorbed from the mass media and other sources. Further, many of these questions are outside the everyday ...
... perhaps unsurprising that they lack detailed knowledge about the issue. Instead, these results likely reflect the unorganized and sometimes contradictory fragments of information Americans have absorbed from the mass media and other sources. Further, many of these questions are outside the everyday ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made
... Global temperature change in the first half of the Cenozoic is consistent with expected effects of plate tectonics (continental drift) on atmospheric CO2. Subduction of ocean crust by an overriding tectonic plate causes crustal melt and metamorphism of the subducted plate and sediments, with releas ...
... Global temperature change in the first half of the Cenozoic is consistent with expected effects of plate tectonics (continental drift) on atmospheric CO2. Subduction of ocean crust by an overriding tectonic plate causes crustal melt and metamorphism of the subducted plate and sediments, with releas ...
Bopp et al, 2013
... ocean surface warming, changes in ocean salinity, modifications of density structure and stratification, as well as an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and a decrease in seawater pH in response to ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Doney, 2010). These physical and chemical mo ...
... ocean surface warming, changes in ocean salinity, modifications of density structure and stratification, as well as an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and a decrease in seawater pH in response to ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Doney, 2010). These physical and chemical mo ...
copenhagen, climate change `refugees` and the need for a global
... movement: sea level rise; increasing severe weather events; and drought and desertification (Docherty and Giannini 2009: 355). The IPCC has highlighted small island states, the continent of Africa, mega‐deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to climate cha ...
... movement: sea level rise; increasing severe weather events; and drought and desertification (Docherty and Giannini 2009: 355). The IPCC has highlighted small island states, the continent of Africa, mega‐deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to climate cha ...
“Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability
... intra-annual and inter-annual variability. Summer rainfall is usually below normal during El Niño ...
... intra-annual and inter-annual variability. Summer rainfall is usually below normal during El Niño ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.