Chapter 9 - H-W Science Website
... Students may be confused by terms that have familiar, everyday meanings distinct from their biological definitions. The term respiration is particularly confusing, because it is an everyday term with two biological definitions, both in cellular respiration and in breathing. Although most students re ...
... Students may be confused by terms that have familiar, everyday meanings distinct from their biological definitions. The term respiration is particularly confusing, because it is an everyday term with two biological definitions, both in cellular respiration and in breathing. Although most students re ...
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... molecule has six carbon atoms. It is quite stable. This is, the bonds holding its atoms together are not easily broken. Because of this stability, the cell must use a small amount of energy to begin the glucose-splitting reactions. This is similar to lighting a match to start a fire. Glycolysis brea ...
... molecule has six carbon atoms. It is quite stable. This is, the bonds holding its atoms together are not easily broken. Because of this stability, the cell must use a small amount of energy to begin the glucose-splitting reactions. This is similar to lighting a match to start a fire. Glycolysis brea ...
The process of beta oxidation is named after the carbon atom in the
... 8CH3-CO-S-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+ The completion of the degradation process (coenzyme oxidation) requires the citric acid cycle which yields an additional 96 mols of ATP for all 8 acetyl-CoA units oxidized in the process. The total energy yield of palmitic acid oxidation results ...
... 8CH3-CO-S-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+ The completion of the degradation process (coenzyme oxidation) requires the citric acid cycle which yields an additional 96 mols of ATP for all 8 acetyl-CoA units oxidized in the process. The total energy yield of palmitic acid oxidation results ...
GRADE 11F: Biology 1
... structures are adapted for their specific function(s). The following activities on osmosis could be demonstrated or carried out by students in pairs. • Take three 20 cm lengths of visking tubing, each tied at one end. Add a measured volume of water to one, weigh it and place it in a beaker containin ...
... structures are adapted for their specific function(s). The following activities on osmosis could be demonstrated or carried out by students in pairs. • Take three 20 cm lengths of visking tubing, each tied at one end. Add a measured volume of water to one, weigh it and place it in a beaker containin ...
I. Cellular Energy • ATP: a) When the terminal phosphate is removed
... • Redox reactions in cells usually involve the transfer of a H atom & its associated electron rather than just an electron. The enzymes responsible for this transfer are called Dehydrogenases. The electron, along with its energy, is then transferred to a coenzyme that acts as a Hydrogen Acceptor. Co ...
... • Redox reactions in cells usually involve the transfer of a H atom & its associated electron rather than just an electron. The enzymes responsible for this transfer are called Dehydrogenases. The electron, along with its energy, is then transferred to a coenzyme that acts as a Hydrogen Acceptor. Co ...
Cellular Metabolism
... – Utilize the protons and electrons that the coenzymes (NAD+ and FAD) “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized alo ...
... – Utilize the protons and electrons that the coenzymes (NAD+ and FAD) “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized alo ...
6. Respiration - WordPress.com
... 3) Another ATP is hydrolysed, and the phosphate attaches to C-1 4) The hexose sugar is activated by the energy release from the hydrolysed ATP molecules, preventing it from leaving the cell. This becomes Hexose1,6-bisphosphate 5) Hexose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into 2 molecules of Triose Phosph ...
... 3) Another ATP is hydrolysed, and the phosphate attaches to C-1 4) The hexose sugar is activated by the energy release from the hydrolysed ATP molecules, preventing it from leaving the cell. This becomes Hexose1,6-bisphosphate 5) Hexose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into 2 molecules of Triose Phosph ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
... energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the second phosphorylation, catalysed by phosphofructokinase, is an irreversible reaction leading only to the glycolytic pat ...
... energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the second phosphorylation, catalysed by phosphofructokinase, is an irreversible reaction leading only to the glycolytic pat ...
Cellular Energy
... – energy released from the hydrolysis of bonds is used to synthesize ATP during step 7 – NAD+ (steps 3, 5 and 10) and FAD (step 8) are reduced to NADH and FADH2 and further contributes to the H+ gradient in the mitochondria ...
... – energy released from the hydrolysis of bonds is used to synthesize ATP during step 7 – NAD+ (steps 3, 5 and 10) and FAD (step 8) are reduced to NADH and FADH2 and further contributes to the H+ gradient in the mitochondria ...
BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
... In order for oxidative phosphorylation to proceed, two principal conditions must be met. First, the inner mitochondrial membrane must be physically intact so that protons can only reenter the mitochondrion by a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Second, a high concentration of protons must be develo ...
... In order for oxidative phosphorylation to proceed, two principal conditions must be met. First, the inner mitochondrial membrane must be physically intact so that protons can only reenter the mitochondrion by a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Second, a high concentration of protons must be develo ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration • A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O). ...
... Cellular Respiration • A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O). ...
Molecular Madness
... by oxidative phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons from NADH in cytosol ...
... by oxidative phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons from NADH in cytosol ...
PDF Datastream - Brown Digital Repository
... Plants such as venous fly traps “eat” insects and other live organisms. However, in laboratories, they can be grown successfully without feeding them live insects. Technically, they are heterotrophic, but can survive as autotrophs. Plants on slide: venous fly trap (left) and California pitcher ...
... Plants such as venous fly traps “eat” insects and other live organisms. However, in laboratories, they can be grown successfully without feeding them live insects. Technically, they are heterotrophic, but can survive as autotrophs. Plants on slide: venous fly trap (left) and California pitcher ...
Cellular Respiration
... ETC. If the last protein in the chain holds onto the ethere will be a “traffic jam” and no other e- will flow down the chain. – Result: H+ pumping stops, so H+ gradient disappears and there is no energy to drive the synthesis of ATP. – Oxygen is the final e- acceptor of the ETC, so it keeps the ETC ...
... ETC. If the last protein in the chain holds onto the ethere will be a “traffic jam” and no other e- will flow down the chain. – Result: H+ pumping stops, so H+ gradient disappears and there is no energy to drive the synthesis of ATP. – Oxygen is the final e- acceptor of the ETC, so it keeps the ETC ...
Chapters 13 and 16
... 1) oxidate acetyl groups in the TCA cycle for energy generation (primary fate) 2) convert to ketone bodies in the liver 3) transfer of acetyl units in cytosol in biosynthesis of sterols and long chain fatty acids Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA, Kreb’s cycle, citric acid cycle) Most of the enzymes in ...
... 1) oxidate acetyl groups in the TCA cycle for energy generation (primary fate) 2) convert to ketone bodies in the liver 3) transfer of acetyl units in cytosol in biosynthesis of sterols and long chain fatty acids Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA, Kreb’s cycle, citric acid cycle) Most of the enzymes in ...
BY 123 Mock Exam #2 Answer Key Chapters 8,9,10,12,13 Catabolic
... Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration because: a. NAD+ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the electrons of NADH passing through the electron transport chain b. Pyruvate still contains most of the “hilltop” electrons that were present in glucose c. Its startin ...
... Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration because: a. NAD+ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the electrons of NADH passing through the electron transport chain b. Pyruvate still contains most of the “hilltop” electrons that were present in glucose c. Its startin ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... produced by one round of the citric acid cycle? • CAC: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, ...
... produced by one round of the citric acid cycle? • CAC: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, ...
Chem 465 Biochemistry II Hour Exam 2
... 2. When you think about it, many of the enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are membrane bound enzymes that transport various ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane. List every membrane bound enzyme in this process and the chemicals that it transports into or across the membrane. In ...
... 2. When you think about it, many of the enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are membrane bound enzymes that transport various ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane. List every membrane bound enzyme in this process and the chemicals that it transports into or across the membrane. In ...
Mitochondrial Viability ab129732
... on plates with specialized coating surfaces, such as collagen, PolyL-Lysine, amine or carboxyl surfaces, however this assay can also be performed on suspension cells ...
... on plates with specialized coating surfaces, such as collagen, PolyL-Lysine, amine or carboxyl surfaces, however this assay can also be performed on suspension cells ...
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... The TCA cycle occurs twice for every molecule of glucose oxidized The net result is 2 ATP and 4 CO2 The overall reaction for glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation and TCA cycle ...
... The TCA cycle occurs twice for every molecule of glucose oxidized The net result is 2 ATP and 4 CO2 The overall reaction for glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation and TCA cycle ...
Mitochondrial complex I deficiency: from organelle
... Unlike any other structure in mammalian cells, mitochondria are partially autonomous, highly dynamic organelles, which possess their own genome with transcriptional and translational machinery (Duchen, 2004). Together with these unique properties, mitochondria hold a central position in cellular bio ...
... Unlike any other structure in mammalian cells, mitochondria are partially autonomous, highly dynamic organelles, which possess their own genome with transcriptional and translational machinery (Duchen, 2004). Together with these unique properties, mitochondria hold a central position in cellular bio ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.