Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
... affect the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? a) Both will increase. b) Both will decrease. c) Only glycolysis will increase because of fermentation. d) Only the citric acid cycle will increase. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
... affect the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? a) Both will increase. b) Both will decrease. c) Only glycolysis will increase because of fermentation. d) Only the citric acid cycle will increase. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
acetyl CoA
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
Chapter 16 - The Citric Acid Cycle
... catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria • Energy of the oxidation reactions is largely conserved as reducing power • Coe ...
... catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria • Energy of the oxidation reactions is largely conserved as reducing power • Coe ...
Key concepts for Essay #1
... This question was a cell biology energetics question that required both breadth and depth of knowledge to answer the question successfully. Full credit could only be obtained by responding to three of the process examples listed in the question. Also, if more than three processes were discussed, rea ...
... This question was a cell biology energetics question that required both breadth and depth of knowledge to answer the question successfully. Full credit could only be obtained by responding to three of the process examples listed in the question. Also, if more than three processes were discussed, rea ...
File
... Where Does the Energy Go? Each time the energy is released it is used to actively transport protons (H+) out of the matrix into the intermembrane space through pumps that are located in three of the carriers For NADH, 3 H+ ions get pumped out For FADH2, only two H+ ions are pumped out because ...
... Where Does the Energy Go? Each time the energy is released it is used to actively transport protons (H+) out of the matrix into the intermembrane space through pumps that are located in three of the carriers For NADH, 3 H+ ions get pumped out For FADH2, only two H+ ions are pumped out because ...
Slide 1
... • Cells break down GLUCOSE (sugar) through a series of chemical reactions • That stored energy of glucose is used to attach phosphate groups to ADP molecules to form ATP molecules, the cell’s energy currency. ...
... • Cells break down GLUCOSE (sugar) through a series of chemical reactions • That stored energy of glucose is used to attach phosphate groups to ADP molecules to form ATP molecules, the cell’s energy currency. ...
Biochemistry, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics of plant
... Mitochondria are semi-autonomous, membrane-bound organelles. Consistent with their endosymbiotic origin, plant mitochondria contain small circular genomes. Varying with species, 30–40 proteins are encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, transcribed and translated in the matrix on bacterial-like ribosomes ...
... Mitochondria are semi-autonomous, membrane-bound organelles. Consistent with their endosymbiotic origin, plant mitochondria contain small circular genomes. Varying with species, 30–40 proteins are encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, transcribed and translated in the matrix on bacterial-like ribosomes ...
The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria
... known subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the inner membrane complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, including the eight stable proteins that are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Because most of the latter proteins are hydrophobic prote ...
... known subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the inner membrane complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, including the eight stable proteins that are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Because most of the latter proteins are hydrophobic prote ...
Oxidative metabolism in thermogenic tissues of the swordfish and
... cytosolic levels of ADP rise. A similar phenomenon has been observed in several cell types (Balaban, '90). The coupling between the Ca2+-ATPaseand mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation may be either ADP or cytosolic calcium. Elucidation of the mechanism of respiratory control in intact heater organ ...
... cytosolic levels of ADP rise. A similar phenomenon has been observed in several cell types (Balaban, '90). The coupling between the Ca2+-ATPaseand mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation may be either ADP or cytosolic calcium. Elucidation of the mechanism of respiratory control in intact heater organ ...
3. CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... These reducing equivalents then enter the respiratory chain where large amounts of high energy phosphate are generated by the oxidative phospharylation. ...
... These reducing equivalents then enter the respiratory chain where large amounts of high energy phosphate are generated by the oxidative phospharylation. ...
Practice Exam #1
... d. energy can transfer from one form to another e. energy transfer always results in an increased entropy of the surroundings 2. Which of the following reactions details ATP hydrolysis? a. AMP + H2O + H+ IMP + NH4 b. CrP + ADP + H+ ATP + Cr c. glucose + ATP glucose-6-phosphate + ADP + H+ d. AT ...
... d. energy can transfer from one form to another e. energy transfer always results in an increased entropy of the surroundings 2. Which of the following reactions details ATP hydrolysis? a. AMP + H2O + H+ IMP + NH4 b. CrP + ADP + H+ ATP + Cr c. glucose + ATP glucose-6-phosphate + ADP + H+ d. AT ...
AP BIOLOGY Chapter 8 Metabolism
... FADH2 drops off its electrons farther down the chain at cytochrome c so it misses the first proton pump and less H+ are pumped across the membrane. Return of H+ through ATP synthase produces ATP ...
... FADH2 drops off its electrons farther down the chain at cytochrome c so it misses the first proton pump and less H+ are pumped across the membrane. Return of H+ through ATP synthase produces ATP ...
WEEK 8 - WordPress.com
... Cellular Respiration (Oxygen present) After glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm: a. Prep Reaction (mitochondrial matrix) ...
... Cellular Respiration (Oxygen present) After glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm: a. Prep Reaction (mitochondrial matrix) ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Ms. Tripp
... 6.7 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and ATP is formed. ...
... 6.7 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and ATP is formed. ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix (Chemiosmosis) –this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is released as H+ diffuse from the intermembrane space back into the matrix ...
... (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix (Chemiosmosis) –this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is released as H+ diffuse from the intermembrane space back into the matrix ...
Metabolism - Websupport1
... molecules e.g. Pyruvic Acid, acetyl coenzyme A Large organic nutrients (e.g. Glucose) are broken down into smaller fragments (e.g. Pyruvic Acid) in the cytoplasm, before they could enter mitochondria ...
... molecules e.g. Pyruvic Acid, acetyl coenzyme A Large organic nutrients (e.g. Glucose) are broken down into smaller fragments (e.g. Pyruvic Acid) in the cytoplasm, before they could enter mitochondria ...
22. Think of two different proteins: both are enzymes. a) What
... movement of protons across membranes. b) Mitochondrial vesicles (submitochondrial particles) can make ATP in the absence of oxygen, pyruvate and NADH. What, in addition to ADP + inorganic phosphate, is required for them to make ATP? What mechanism is supported by this observation, and what part of # ...
... movement of protons across membranes. b) Mitochondrial vesicles (submitochondrial particles) can make ATP in the absence of oxygen, pyruvate and NADH. What, in addition to ADP + inorganic phosphate, is required for them to make ATP? What mechanism is supported by this observation, and what part of # ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Its complex folding pattern of membranes and spaces allows for many sites where reactions can occur. Parts of the Mitochondria • Outer membrane • Inner Membrane • Matrix – fluid inside • Cristae – folds ...
... Its complex folding pattern of membranes and spaces allows for many sites where reactions can occur. Parts of the Mitochondria • Outer membrane • Inner Membrane • Matrix – fluid inside • Cristae – folds ...
FUNCTION IN PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM mitochondria of
... Biochemical studies have revealed that isolated mitochondria of Physarum polycephalum contain 10 times more DNA (1) than the mitoclaondria of many other organisms (2-6). It has also been observed with the light and the electron microscopes that the mitochondria contain an elongated chromosome-like b ...
... Biochemical studies have revealed that isolated mitochondria of Physarum polycephalum contain 10 times more DNA (1) than the mitoclaondria of many other organisms (2-6). It has also been observed with the light and the electron microscopes that the mitochondria contain an elongated chromosome-like b ...
Respiration - Mayfield City Schools
... • How do the electrons get transported to the special proteins involved? carried by carrier molecules NADH, FADH2 • What is the primary function of the chain? to make ATP ...
... • How do the electrons get transported to the special proteins involved? carried by carrier molecules NADH, FADH2 • What is the primary function of the chain? to make ATP ...
Chapter 4 - Brock University
... oxygen inside of cells participates in reactions that activate it into a radical form (i.e. such that it possesses an extra, unpaired electron). By far the most common such reaction occurs with individual mitochondrial respiratory complexes. The respiratory complexes are all very large hetero-oligom ...
... oxygen inside of cells participates in reactions that activate it into a radical form (i.e. such that it possesses an extra, unpaired electron). By far the most common such reaction occurs with individual mitochondrial respiratory complexes. The respiratory complexes are all very large hetero-oligom ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.