9/29/2015 Chapter 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATION & FERMENTATION
... organic molecules “feed” into the process of respiration at ...
... organic molecules “feed” into the process of respiration at ...
Respiration: Occurs in two places in the cell Cytoplasm and
... Show movie:http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie.htm ...
... Show movie:http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie.htm ...
A strategically designed small molecule attacks alpha
... a correspondingly rapid, powerful redox signal in tumor cell mitochondria. This signal was associated with redox modification of KGDH (including extensive enzyme glutathionylation and redox blockage of enzyme lipoate sulfhydryls), correlating with KGDH inactivation. The source of this tumor-specific ...
... a correspondingly rapid, powerful redox signal in tumor cell mitochondria. This signal was associated with redox modification of KGDH (including extensive enzyme glutathionylation and redox blockage of enzyme lipoate sulfhydryls), correlating with KGDH inactivation. The source of this tumor-specific ...
Protein oxidation and cellular homeostasis: Emphasis
... As mentioned previously there are several mechanisms by which ROS may be generated including aerobic respiration, nitric oxide synthesis, and NADPH oxidase pathways during inflammation. In aerobic respiration, the mitochondrial respiratory chain produces ROS as it transfers electrons during the redu ...
... As mentioned previously there are several mechanisms by which ROS may be generated including aerobic respiration, nitric oxide synthesis, and NADPH oxidase pathways during inflammation. In aerobic respiration, the mitochondrial respiratory chain produces ROS as it transfers electrons during the redu ...
A strategically designed small molecule attacks alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in tumor cells
... a correspondingly rapid, powerful redox signal in tumor cell mitochondria. This signal was associated with redox modification of KGDH (including extensive enzyme glutathionylation and redox blockage of enzyme lipoate sulfhydryls), correlating with KGDH inactivation. The source of this tumor-specific ...
... a correspondingly rapid, powerful redox signal in tumor cell mitochondria. This signal was associated with redox modification of KGDH (including extensive enzyme glutathionylation and redox blockage of enzyme lipoate sulfhydryls), correlating with KGDH inactivation. The source of this tumor-specific ...
Compartmentation in plant metabolism
... the fractions is needed to check that all of the activity in the initial cell lysate is recovered after fractionation. This is particularly important where an enzyme is found in more than one compartment and the isoforms from different compartments show differential stability. A limitation of classi ...
... the fractions is needed to check that all of the activity in the initial cell lysate is recovered after fractionation. This is particularly important where an enzyme is found in more than one compartment and the isoforms from different compartments show differential stability. A limitation of classi ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... which the thiazolium ring of TPP acts as an electron sink. Protonation of the carbanion Elimination of the TPP ylid to form acetaldehyde and regenerate the active enzyme. ...
... which the thiazolium ring of TPP acts as an electron sink. Protonation of the carbanion Elimination of the TPP ylid to form acetaldehyde and regenerate the active enzyme. ...
glycolysis4bio
... Fate of absorbed sugar • Uptake by tissues(liver): after absorption of sugars are taken up by the liver ,where galactose and fructose are converted by ...
... Fate of absorbed sugar • Uptake by tissues(liver): after absorption of sugars are taken up by the liver ,where galactose and fructose are converted by ...
Unit 4: Cellular Energy Study Guide
... One last thing to note is that while eukaryotes perform cellular respiration in their mitochondria, bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria! So how do they do cellular respiration? They perform the same functions in their cell membrane. Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen) What happens where t ...
... One last thing to note is that while eukaryotes perform cellular respiration in their mitochondria, bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria! So how do they do cellular respiration? They perform the same functions in their cell membrane. Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen) What happens where t ...
Slide 1
... dinucleotide) to carry e– Another coenzyme that functions like NAD+ is FAD – They “carry” e- from glucose to a series of proteins found along the cristae of the mitochondrion called the electron transport chain or ETC ...
... dinucleotide) to carry e– Another coenzyme that functions like NAD+ is FAD – They “carry” e- from glucose to a series of proteins found along the cristae of the mitochondrion called the electron transport chain or ETC ...
Chapter 9
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation • For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes up ...
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation • For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes up ...
Sample Questions Chapters 9-10
... , 3 NADH, and 1 b. 2 ATP, 2 , 1 NADH, and 3 c. 3 ATP, 3 , 3 NADH, and 3 d. 3 ATP, 6 , 9 NADH, and 3 e. 38 ATP, 6 , 3 NADH, and 12 ____ 35. Carbon dioxide ( ) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? a. glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA b. oxidati ...
... , 3 NADH, and 1 b. 2 ATP, 2 , 1 NADH, and 3 c. 3 ATP, 3 , 3 NADH, and 3 d. 3 ATP, 6 , 9 NADH, and 3 e. 38 ATP, 6 , 3 NADH, and 12 ____ 35. Carbon dioxide ( ) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? a. glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA b. oxidati ...
You Light Up My Life
... Energy Reserves • Glycogen makes up only about 1 percent of the body’s energy reserves - sugars • Proteins make up 21 percent of energy reserves ...
... Energy Reserves • Glycogen makes up only about 1 percent of the body’s energy reserves - sugars • Proteins make up 21 percent of energy reserves ...
Energy Metabolism in Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Osteogenic
... bone-forming osteoblasts. During osteoporosis, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases, this balance is disrupted, leading to a decline in bone quality, and increase in fracture potential [2,3]. Decreased osteogenesis due to dysfunction in MSC differentiation is a potential contributor to this proble ...
... bone-forming osteoblasts. During osteoporosis, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases, this balance is disrupted, leading to a decline in bone quality, and increase in fracture potential [2,3]. Decreased osteogenesis due to dysfunction in MSC differentiation is a potential contributor to this proble ...
Chapter 7
... Glycolysis in Aerobic Respiration • Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 molecules of the more reactive, higher energy PGAL 2 ATP ...
... Glycolysis in Aerobic Respiration • Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 molecules of the more reactive, higher energy PGAL 2 ATP ...
adjusting the conditions inside when the outside conditions change
... 8. Where does glycolysis occur? (be specific) ______________ 9. Where does the Krebs Cycle occur? (be specific) ________ 10. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? (be specific) _____________________ 11. Pyruvate is made in glycolysis and is shipped to the ___________________ for the Krebs c ...
... 8. Where does glycolysis occur? (be specific) ______________ 9. Where does the Krebs Cycle occur? (be specific) ________ 10. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? (be specific) _____________________ 11. Pyruvate is made in glycolysis and is shipped to the ___________________ for the Krebs c ...
Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
... cause an increase in energy expenditure which is comparable in magnitude to that induced by cold13. Further evidence for central control of adaptive thermogenesis comes from experimental animals with hypothalamic lesions. Destruction of neurons in the hypothalamus either by physical or chemical mean ...
... cause an increase in energy expenditure which is comparable in magnitude to that induced by cold13. Further evidence for central control of adaptive thermogenesis comes from experimental animals with hypothalamic lesions. Destruction of neurons in the hypothalamus either by physical or chemical mean ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism - BITS Academic Resource Center
... Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate A ...
... Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate A ...
CHAPTER 6
... • SIRT1 binding to PPAR g represses transcription of these genes, leading to loss of fat stores. • Because adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, this loss of fat has significant hormonal consequences for energy metabolism ...
... • SIRT1 binding to PPAR g represses transcription of these genes, leading to loss of fat stores. • Because adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, this loss of fat has significant hormonal consequences for energy metabolism ...
BIS103-002 (Spring 2008) - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... What is the biochemical reason for the different end products in the two tissues? (2 pts) Glucose-6-P phosphatase in the liver produces glucose from G6P, an intermediate of glycogen degradation. However, this enzyme (G6P phosphatase) is not present in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in skeletal muscles ...
... What is the biochemical reason for the different end products in the two tissues? (2 pts) Glucose-6-P phosphatase in the liver produces glucose from G6P, an intermediate of glycogen degradation. However, this enzyme (G6P phosphatase) is not present in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in skeletal muscles ...
Bioenergetics
... ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during muscle activity shows up in the urine as creatinine ...
... ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during muscle activity shows up in the urine as creatinine ...
Cellular Respiration in More Depth Part 1: ATP—The
... output. However, without oxygen, glycolysis is coupled with fermentation processes to provide a continual supply of energy to the cell. It is important to note that even though the link reaction and Krebs cycle do not use oxygen as a reactant, they will not occur in the cell without oxygen present. ...
... output. However, without oxygen, glycolysis is coupled with fermentation processes to provide a continual supply of energy to the cell. It is important to note that even though the link reaction and Krebs cycle do not use oxygen as a reactant, they will not occur in the cell without oxygen present. ...
LOCATION: CYTOPLASM
... 3. PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUCOSE Traps glucose in cell, creates more reactive compound Hexokinase: relatively non-specific-acts on glu, mann, fruc, Km in low uM range, bld glu 4-8 mM therefore active most of the time, occurs in muscle and brain. Inhibited by G-6-P Glucokinase: (hexokinase IV, an isozym ...
... 3. PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUCOSE Traps glucose in cell, creates more reactive compound Hexokinase: relatively non-specific-acts on glu, mann, fruc, Km in low uM range, bld glu 4-8 mM therefore active most of the time, occurs in muscle and brain. Inhibited by G-6-P Glucokinase: (hexokinase IV, an isozym ...
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
... • Each e- carrier molecule has greater affinity for e- than its uphill neighbor • Electron Transport System and ATP Synthesis (little movie) • Krebstca (animation) ...
... • Each e- carrier molecule has greater affinity for e- than its uphill neighbor • Electron Transport System and ATP Synthesis (little movie) • Krebstca (animation) ...
Energy Substrate Modulates Mitochondrial
... strong preference to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS; Refs. 2, 3). At daily intervals, cells were harvested by trypsinization and counted. Associated with this different use of energy yielding substrate is GFP Biosensors Gene Constructs. To study mitochondrial function in up-regulation of genes fo ...
... strong preference to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS; Refs. 2, 3). At daily intervals, cells were harvested by trypsinization and counted. Associated with this different use of energy yielding substrate is GFP Biosensors Gene Constructs. To study mitochondrial function in up-regulation of genes fo ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.