Phosphorylation - Biology Junction
... enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 ...
... enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 ...
Determination of Pyruvate Oxidation Rate and Citric Acid Cycle
... transport of these substrates across the cell membrane or the mitochondrial membrane. ...
... transport of these substrates across the cell membrane or the mitochondrial membrane. ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration
... 8.4 Inside the Mitochondria - Kreb’s Cycle • Chemiosmosis – Electrochemical gradient of H ions used to produce ATP – Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose (being completely metabolized), 32 come from electron transport system’s oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... 8.4 Inside the Mitochondria - Kreb’s Cycle • Chemiosmosis – Electrochemical gradient of H ions used to produce ATP – Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose (being completely metabolized), 32 come from electron transport system’s oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Temperature-dependent effects of cadmium and purine nucleotides
... temperature in the absence of additives (control) or with addition of the varying amounts of cadmium (10–250·mol·l–1 Cd as CdCl2), purine nucleotides (0.5–10·mmol·l–1 ATP, ADP and GDP), free fatty acids (0.5–5·mol·l–1 of oleic and linoleic acid) or 2% fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (BSA). Af ...
... temperature in the absence of additives (control) or with addition of the varying amounts of cadmium (10–250·mol·l–1 Cd as CdCl2), purine nucleotides (0.5–10·mmol·l–1 ATP, ADP and GDP), free fatty acids (0.5–5·mol·l–1 of oleic and linoleic acid) or 2% fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (BSA). Af ...
ATP/NADH Ledger
... Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space The ETC uses energy from electrons to pump H+ across a membrane against their concentration gradient - potential energy. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passi ...
... Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space The ETC uses energy from electrons to pump H+ across a membrane against their concentration gradient - potential energy. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passi ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 4 ATP - generated using electrons released during glycolysis and carried by NADH 28 ATP - generated using electrons formed during second-stage reactions and carried by NADH and FADH2 ...
... 4 ATP - generated using electrons released during glycolysis and carried by NADH 28 ATP - generated using electrons formed during second-stage reactions and carried by NADH and FADH2 ...
Bell work
... • Objective: I will review the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation through four corner activity. ...
... • Objective: I will review the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation through four corner activity. ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... But relative to complete oxidation of glucose: glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔGo’ = -2840 kJ/mol glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 is 61/2840 = 2.1% glucose → 2 lactate: lactate from muscles recycled in the liver Control of the rate of glycolysis Note ATP inhibition, glycogen storage at rest; AMP, FBP s ...
... But relative to complete oxidation of glucose: glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔGo’ = -2840 kJ/mol glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 is 61/2840 = 2.1% glucose → 2 lactate: lactate from muscles recycled in the liver Control of the rate of glycolysis Note ATP inhibition, glycogen storage at rest; AMP, FBP s ...
Slide 1
... – Pay-off phase!! (Get 28 ATPs) – Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are deposited into ETC to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. – Each NADH = 2.5 ATPs (x10 = 25 ATP) – Each FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs (x2 = 3 ATP) ...
... – Pay-off phase!! (Get 28 ATPs) – Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are deposited into ETC to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. – Each NADH = 2.5 ATPs (x10 = 25 ATP) – Each FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs (x2 = 3 ATP) ...
Chapter 9
... Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate ...
... Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate ...
Document
... Fig. 8.7 c) Equilibrium and work in closed and open systems- potential energy found in glucose can be transformed to packaged energy (ATP) to be used in other cellular reactions 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reaction to endergonic reactions Fig. 8.8 and 8.9 The structure of ATP ...
... Fig. 8.7 c) Equilibrium and work in closed and open systems- potential energy found in glucose can be transformed to packaged energy (ATP) to be used in other cellular reactions 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reaction to endergonic reactions Fig. 8.8 and 8.9 The structure of ATP ...
Bio 6B Lecture Slides - R1
... Pyruvate / H+ symporter Proton gradient drives cotransport of pyruvate & H+ into matrix Pyruvate H+ ...
... Pyruvate / H+ symporter Proton gradient drives cotransport of pyruvate & H+ into matrix Pyruvate H+ ...
I. ATP is Universal
... c) The high-energy electrons on NADH are carried to the ETC. d) This process recycles the NADH back to NAD+. e) Phosphate groups are added to the C3 molecules. f) This stimulates the synthesis of ATP via substrate level ATP synthesis. An enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP. This is an examp ...
... c) The high-energy electrons on NADH are carried to the ETC. d) This process recycles the NADH back to NAD+. e) Phosphate groups are added to the C3 molecules. f) This stimulates the synthesis of ATP via substrate level ATP synthesis. An enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP. This is an examp ...
the Citric Acid cycle
... Remember, also, that an NADH molecule is also produced by the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. Two carbons enter, two carbons leave. This has huge repercussions: o Any removal of material from the cycle to form other molecules depletes the cycle. The cycle can then no longer operate at opti ...
... Remember, also, that an NADH molecule is also produced by the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. Two carbons enter, two carbons leave. This has huge repercussions: o Any removal of material from the cycle to form other molecules depletes the cycle. The cycle can then no longer operate at opti ...
reprint - Charles Brenner Laboratory
... cycle intermediate to keep the cycle running. Fuel oxidation is coupled to function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in which O2 must be present as the ultimate electron acceptor – this allows reoxidation of NADH and FADH2 back to NADþ and FAD (Figure 1). The oxidizing state of hydride transfer ...
... cycle intermediate to keep the cycle running. Fuel oxidation is coupled to function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in which O2 must be present as the ultimate electron acceptor – this allows reoxidation of NADH and FADH2 back to NADþ and FAD (Figure 1). The oxidizing state of hydride transfer ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The energy stored in a H+ gradient across a membrane couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis • The H+ gradient is referred to as a protonmotive force, emphasizing its capacity to do ...
... • The energy stored in a H+ gradient across a membrane couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis • The H+ gradient is referred to as a protonmotive force, emphasizing its capacity to do ...
Summary
... Aerobic “respiration” in mitochondria: important for ATP synthesis and a source of intermediates for other biochemical pathways pyruvate (C3H3O3) + 4 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O ...
... Aerobic “respiration” in mitochondria: important for ATP synthesis and a source of intermediates for other biochemical pathways pyruvate (C3H3O3) + 4 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O ...
Respiration chapt07
... 1 NADH 1 acetyl-CoA which consists of 2 carbons from pyruvate attached to coenzyme A ...
... 1 NADH 1 acetyl-CoA which consists of 2 carbons from pyruvate attached to coenzyme A ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
Biology Notes: Fermentation
... Step 2: Fermentation • Two Types of Fermentation (both ________________________): a) Lactic ____________________ fermentation – Performed by animals when ____________________ cells are not receiving oxygen (some bacteria too) ...
... Step 2: Fermentation • Two Types of Fermentation (both ________________________): a) Lactic ____________________ fermentation – Performed by animals when ____________________ cells are not receiving oxygen (some bacteria too) ...
Cellular Respiration
... Respiration is a redox rxn: • By oxidizing glucose, energy stored in glucose is liberated to make ATP – Happens in a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps – Coenzyme (NAD+) acts as e- shuttle ...
... Respiration is a redox rxn: • By oxidizing glucose, energy stored in glucose is liberated to make ATP – Happens in a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps – Coenzyme (NAD+) acts as e- shuttle ...
Respiration 1 PDF
... organic molecules → this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance • Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl• Na is the reducing agent (donates an e- to CL) • Cl is the oxidizing agent (removes an e- from Na) ...
... organic molecules → this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance • Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl• Na is the reducing agent (donates an e- to CL) • Cl is the oxidizing agent (removes an e- from Na) ...
Carbohydrate Catabolism Cellular Respiration
... – Cells require constant source of NAD+ – Cannot be obtained simply using glycolysis and Krebs cycle ...
... – Cells require constant source of NAD+ – Cannot be obtained simply using glycolysis and Krebs cycle ...
Topics To Know For Chapter 6
... alcoholic fermentation ? Which industries depend on this process ? - glucose - CO2 - pyruvate - ATP ( total and net ) - alcohol - substrate phosphorylation 11. Be able to describe the events of lactic acid fermentation. What kind of cells carry out lactic acid fermentation ? - skeletal muscle - oxyg ...
... alcoholic fermentation ? Which industries depend on this process ? - glucose - CO2 - pyruvate - ATP ( total and net ) - alcohol - substrate phosphorylation 11. Be able to describe the events of lactic acid fermentation. What kind of cells carry out lactic acid fermentation ? - skeletal muscle - oxyg ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.