Cellular Respiration
... Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid fro ...
... Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid fro ...
Lecture 6 - TCA cycle I - University of Lethbridge
... Catabolism of Proteins, Fats, and Carbohydrates The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The citric acid cycle is the “hub” of the metabolic system. - Majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. - Majority of the generation of th ...
... Catabolism of Proteins, Fats, and Carbohydrates The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The citric acid cycle is the “hub” of the metabolic system. - Majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. - Majority of the generation of th ...
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
... Plants do not need O2 carrier (in contrast to animals) where O2 is carried by blood). This is because O2 requirement is less than in animals and plants have a large surface area (leaves) to absorb the required amount of O2 through ...
... Plants do not need O2 carrier (in contrast to animals) where O2 is carried by blood). This is because O2 requirement is less than in animals and plants have a large surface area (leaves) to absorb the required amount of O2 through ...
Oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotes
... and adipose tissue [4]. Kinetic evidence has been obtained for both a saturable and nonsaturable uptake of fatty acids. The saturable uptake, which predominates at nanomolar concentrations of free fatty acids, is presumed to be carrier-mediated, whereas the non-saturable uptake, which is significant ...
... and adipose tissue [4]. Kinetic evidence has been obtained for both a saturable and nonsaturable uptake of fatty acids. The saturable uptake, which predominates at nanomolar concentrations of free fatty acids, is presumed to be carrier-mediated, whereas the non-saturable uptake, which is significant ...
Biology 6 Test 1 Study Guide
... iii. Example: Na-K pump – a bi-directional pump that uses ATP. (movie) c. Endocytosis – membrane envaginates to form a vesicle. Phagocytosis is when large particles are taken in. d. Exocytosis – opposite of endocytosis. ii. Cytoplasm – stuff inside cell membrane (80% water) iii. Nucleoid – holds DNA ...
... iii. Example: Na-K pump – a bi-directional pump that uses ATP. (movie) c. Endocytosis – membrane envaginates to form a vesicle. Phagocytosis is when large particles are taken in. d. Exocytosis – opposite of endocytosis. ii. Cytoplasm – stuff inside cell membrane (80% water) iii. Nucleoid – holds DNA ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... Acetyl-CoA is an ester of Coenzyme-A, which is the biologically active form of watersoluble vitamin Pantothenic acid TCA cycle occurs within Mitochondrial matrix under Aerobic condition Essentially TCA cycle comprises of combination of Acetyl-CoA with Oxaloacetate to give the Six-Carbon Tri-ca ...
... Acetyl-CoA is an ester of Coenzyme-A, which is the biologically active form of watersoluble vitamin Pantothenic acid TCA cycle occurs within Mitochondrial matrix under Aerobic condition Essentially TCA cycle comprises of combination of Acetyl-CoA with Oxaloacetate to give the Six-Carbon Tri-ca ...
PDF
... Methodology/Principal Findings. The whole genome sequence of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has recently been completed. We identified and annotated genes for enzymes involved in carbohydrate pathways based on extensive EST support and comparison to the whole genome sequence of a second diatom ...
... Methodology/Principal Findings. The whole genome sequence of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has recently been completed. We identified and annotated genes for enzymes involved in carbohydrate pathways based on extensive EST support and comparison to the whole genome sequence of a second diatom ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
Molecular insights into mitochondrial transcription and its
... through a new round of oxidation whereas the acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle for continued energy extraction. The degradation of fatty acids is termed β-oxidation, simply because the oxidation happens at the β-carbon, i.e. the second carbon from the carboxylic group of the fatty acid (Ber ...
... through a new round of oxidation whereas the acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle for continued energy extraction. The degradation of fatty acids is termed β-oxidation, simply because the oxidation happens at the β-carbon, i.e. the second carbon from the carboxylic group of the fatty acid (Ber ...
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AND PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
... We also consider the similarities of structure and mechanism between the ATP synthases of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and the evolutionary basis for this conservation of mechanism. ...
... We also consider the similarities of structure and mechanism between the ATP synthases of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and the evolutionary basis for this conservation of mechanism. ...
and gender-specific hallmarks
... adipose tissue from obese patients as age-, diabetes- and genderspecific hallmarks María Gómez-Serrano1,*, Emilio Camafeita2,*, Eva García-Santos1, Juan A. López2, Miguel A. Rubio3, Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute4, Antonio Torres4, Jesús Vázquez2 & Belén Peral1,5 Obesity is a main global health issue and a ...
... adipose tissue from obese patients as age-, diabetes- and genderspecific hallmarks María Gómez-Serrano1,*, Emilio Camafeita2,*, Eva García-Santos1, Juan A. López2, Miguel A. Rubio3, Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute4, Antonio Torres4, Jesús Vázquez2 & Belén Peral1,5 Obesity is a main global health issue and a ...
Cytochromes in Streptococcus faecalis var
... Molar growth yields. Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes strain TR was from the culture collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology, Cornell University. The partially defined medium of O'Kane & Gunsalus (1948) was used with various concentrations of substrates, and included/l : roo mg cysteine, 0 ...
... Molar growth yields. Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes strain TR was from the culture collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology, Cornell University. The partially defined medium of O'Kane & Gunsalus (1948) was used with various concentrations of substrates, and included/l : roo mg cysteine, 0 ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © 2008 P ...
... called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © 2008 P ...
Hypoxia regulates host cell metabolism and thereby enhancing
... Host cell metabolism drives chlamydial infection ..................................................... 57 ...
... Host cell metabolism drives chlamydial infection ..................................................... 57 ...
Gluconeogenesis
... glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi + 2 NAD+ + 2 H + By contrast, the stoichiometry for conversion of glucose to pyruvate by glycolysis is: glucose + 2 ADP + 2 P i + 2NAD + Õ 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2 O In cycling from glucose to pyruvate to glucose in the Cori cycle, four high-energy phosphate ...
... glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi + 2 NAD+ + 2 H + By contrast, the stoichiometry for conversion of glucose to pyruvate by glycolysis is: glucose + 2 ADP + 2 P i + 2NAD + Õ 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2 O In cycling from glucose to pyruvate to glucose in the Cori cycle, four high-energy phosphate ...
Introduction to Lipid Metabolism Roles of Lipids - Rose
... lipid ratio) and a higher ratio of cholesterol to other lipids. LDL IDL is converted to LDL, largely by the liver, by removal of additional triacylglycerol. In addition to its formation from VLDL, some LDL is produced and released by the liver. LDL is a major transport form of cholesterol and choles ...
... lipid ratio) and a higher ratio of cholesterol to other lipids. LDL IDL is converted to LDL, largely by the liver, by removal of additional triacylglycerol. In addition to its formation from VLDL, some LDL is produced and released by the liver. LDL is a major transport form of cholesterol and choles ...
Adaptation to hypoxia alters energy metabolism in rat - AJP
... the contracting cells would compromise functional capacity of the heart. Although previous studies have evaluated morphological and biochemical parameters in the chronically stressed heart, with particular emphasis on the left ventricle, they have largely focused on events that occur in the presence ...
... the contracting cells would compromise functional capacity of the heart. Although previous studies have evaluated morphological and biochemical parameters in the chronically stressed heart, with particular emphasis on the left ventricle, they have largely focused on events that occur in the presence ...
File
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from f ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from f ...
lipids and thyroid hormones - Deep Blue
... and oxidation of fatty acids support increased calorigenesis. Second, thyroid hormones simultaneously exert major anabolic effects; lipogenesis is stimulated, which seems paradoxical for the calorigenic role of the hormones. In thyrotoxic subjects, the energetically wasteful combination of lipid syn ...
... and oxidation of fatty acids support increased calorigenesis. Second, thyroid hormones simultaneously exert major anabolic effects; lipogenesis is stimulated, which seems paradoxical for the calorigenic role of the hormones. In thyrotoxic subjects, the energetically wasteful combination of lipid syn ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter. 2(G) Analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data. 3(A) In all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing ...
... cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter. 2(G) Analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data. 3(A) In all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing ...
9 How Cells Harvest Energy Concept Outline
... of the cell. Afterward, the energy-depleted electron (associpossess less free energy than the reactants. The same ated with a proton as a hydrogen atom) is donated to some amount of energy is released whether glucose is cataboother molecule. When oxygen gas (O2) accepts the hydrolized or burned, but ...
... of the cell. Afterward, the energy-depleted electron (associpossess less free energy than the reactants. The same ated with a proton as a hydrogen atom) is donated to some amount of energy is released whether glucose is cataboother molecule. When oxygen gas (O2) accepts the hydrolized or burned, but ...
Answers - U of L Class Index
... b. Glucagon produced when glucose levels are low activates gluconeogenesis. c. Insulin produced when glucose levels are high inhibits gluconeogenesis. ...
... b. Glucagon produced when glucose levels are low activates gluconeogenesis. c. Insulin produced when glucose levels are high inhibits gluconeogenesis. ...
OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS (LIPOLYSIS) Fatty acids stored in
... Ketone Bodies are oxidized in mitochondria of many tissues other than liver .Liver cannot use ketone bodies because the activating enzyme required for ketone body utilization is absent in the liver. While ketogenesis is an important survival mechanism that maintains high rates of fatty acid oxidatio ...
... Ketone Bodies are oxidized in mitochondria of many tissues other than liver .Liver cannot use ketone bodies because the activating enzyme required for ketone body utilization is absent in the liver. While ketogenesis is an important survival mechanism that maintains high rates of fatty acid oxidatio ...
AP Biology Cell Unit Exam - Speedway High School
... 60) Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? A) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water B) generation of molecular oxygen C) passing electrons to the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain D) harvesting of light energy by ATP E) receiving electron ...
... 60) Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? A) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water B) generation of molecular oxygen C) passing electrons to the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain D) harvesting of light energy by ATP E) receiving electron ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.