THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... back of new-born babies, (and in other young or hibernating mammals). Brown fat cells (unlike white fat cells) contain many mitochondria. Why does this make them brown? (Section 3). ...
... back of new-born babies, (and in other young or hibernating mammals). Brown fat cells (unlike white fat cells) contain many mitochondria. Why does this make them brown? (Section 3). ...
FALSE degradation also needs to be considered. A change in
... be converted to OAA which, in turn, can be reduced to malate which is transported across the mitochondrial membrane. In the cytosol, malate can be oxidized to OAA, releasing the reducing equivalent in the form of NADH. This NADH can then be utilized for GNG. b. Why is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway r ...
... be converted to OAA which, in turn, can be reduced to malate which is transported across the mitochondrial membrane. In the cytosol, malate can be oxidized to OAA, releasing the reducing equivalent in the form of NADH. This NADH can then be utilized for GNG. b. Why is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway r ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Glycolysis is the splitting of GLUCOSE (6C) to produce 2 x PYRUVATE (3C) molecules The 6C glucose is phosphorylated then split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (3C) which are then oxidised further to produce the pyruvate, some ATP and reduced NAD NAD can be reduced to NADH - it accepts H+ and trans ...
... Glycolysis is the splitting of GLUCOSE (6C) to produce 2 x PYRUVATE (3C) molecules The 6C glucose is phosphorylated then split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (3C) which are then oxidised further to produce the pyruvate, some ATP and reduced NAD NAD can be reduced to NADH - it accepts H+ and trans ...
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL
... • Energy is released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduction of NAD and FAD • Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is couple to proton pumping • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor • In chemi ...
... • Energy is released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduction of NAD and FAD • Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is couple to proton pumping • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor • In chemi ...
Chapter 8 Exam Review
... 26. When oxygen is not available, glycolysis can still occur. True or False? 27. The preparatory step produces 2 ATP’s. True or false? Rev. 7.2.2012 pg. 1 ...
... 26. When oxygen is not available, glycolysis can still occur. True or False? 27. The preparatory step produces 2 ATP’s. True or false? Rev. 7.2.2012 pg. 1 ...
Cell Respiration and Fermentation PPT
... The ATP released in the ETC is used to move H+ ions across the membrane from low to high concentrations This stores potential energy (positive side vs negative side) ATP synthase is a protein in the membrane that spins like a mini turbine as H+ ions flow back across the membrane The spinning ATP syn ...
... The ATP released in the ETC is used to move H+ ions across the membrane from low to high concentrations This stores potential energy (positive side vs negative side) ATP synthase is a protein in the membrane that spins like a mini turbine as H+ ions flow back across the membrane The spinning ATP syn ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 12 Notes
... Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
... Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
Chapter 8 Worksheet
... Molecules of FADH2 and 6(ADP, NADH) bring high-‐energy electrons to the chain from glycolysis and 7(the citric acid cycle, chemiosmosis). The electrons move along the chain from carrier to carrier in a ...
... Molecules of FADH2 and 6(ADP, NADH) bring high-‐energy electrons to the chain from glycolysis and 7(the citric acid cycle, chemiosmosis). The electrons move along the chain from carrier to carrier in a ...
Mitochondria and energy production
... kinase-mediated mechanism. The other mechanism involves amino acids (e.g. leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) that are not concentrated within the liver but appear to exert their actions via an mTOR-mediated pathway. Recent studies have clarified the mechanism by which glutamine and system A substr ...
... kinase-mediated mechanism. The other mechanism involves amino acids (e.g. leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) that are not concentrated within the liver but appear to exert their actions via an mTOR-mediated pathway. Recent studies have clarified the mechanism by which glutamine and system A substr ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... A. fermentation – partial degradation of sugars without oxygen (anaerobic respiration_ B. Aerobic respiration – oxygen is consumed as reactant along with organic fuel (glucose) C. Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular ...
... A. fermentation – partial degradation of sugars without oxygen (anaerobic respiration_ B. Aerobic respiration – oxygen is consumed as reactant along with organic fuel (glucose) C. Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular ...
Stable Isotope Tracer Analysis in Isolated Mitochondria from
... N, is required to assess which metabolic pathways are actively contributing to the pool, as well as the directionality of active pathways [5–7]. 13C-glucose along with 13C and 15N-glutamine are examples of tracers that are routinely used to assess specific metabolic activities in mammalian cells [8, ...
... N, is required to assess which metabolic pathways are actively contributing to the pool, as well as the directionality of active pathways [5–7]. 13C-glucose along with 13C and 15N-glutamine are examples of tracers that are routinely used to assess specific metabolic activities in mammalian cells [8, ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... amount of ATP and NADH (electron carrier) – Anaerobic process = does not require oxygen – Occurs outside of the mitochondria ...
... amount of ATP and NADH (electron carrier) – Anaerobic process = does not require oxygen – Occurs outside of the mitochondria ...
Metabolism
... NADH and FADH enter ETC • Major source of energy! • Electrons held by NAD and FAD are “high energy” 9Transferred through a series of steps from one electron carrier to another ...
... NADH and FADH enter ETC • Major source of energy! • Electrons held by NAD and FAD are “high energy” 9Transferred through a series of steps from one electron carrier to another ...
NME2.29 - Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism 2
... Blood glucose homeostasis is maintained principally by the liver through: o Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen to form glucose o Gluconeogenesis – biosynthesis of glucose from substrates when glycogen stores are low Gluconeogenesis requires ATP and is conducted in the liver from a number of subs ...
... Blood glucose homeostasis is maintained principally by the liver through: o Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen to form glucose o Gluconeogenesis – biosynthesis of glucose from substrates when glycogen stores are low Gluconeogenesis requires ATP and is conducted in the liver from a number of subs ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
Mitochondrial Lab - University of Colorado Denver
... substrate -but cannot be turned into product—so they tie up enzymes by binding to their active site. Malonate is a molecule that looks like succinate, but it cannot be made into fumaric acid (product) so malonate is a competitive inhibitor. Malonate is in a COMPETITION for the active site of the enz ...
... substrate -but cannot be turned into product—so they tie up enzymes by binding to their active site. Malonate is a molecule that looks like succinate, but it cannot be made into fumaric acid (product) so malonate is a competitive inhibitor. Malonate is in a COMPETITION for the active site of the enz ...
Cellular Respiration
... supplied by _____, which is (are) produced in the process of cellular respiration. ...
... supplied by _____, which is (are) produced in the process of cellular respiration. ...
Biology
... components: light, water, oxygen, chloroplast, ATP, NADPH, NADP+, ADP, P, carbon dioxide, Calvin cycle, sugar (in the form of glucose). ...
... components: light, water, oxygen, chloroplast, ATP, NADPH, NADP+, ADP, P, carbon dioxide, Calvin cycle, sugar (in the form of glucose). ...
1. Why is cellular respiration called an aerobic process? 2. What
... True or False: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. ______ All organisms on earth will die without a constant supply of oxygen. ______ Energy released during the breakdown of cells is used to synthesize ATP. ______ The energy released from the breakdown of glucose ...
... True or False: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. ______ All organisms on earth will die without a constant supply of oxygen. ______ Energy released during the breakdown of cells is used to synthesize ATP. ______ The energy released from the breakdown of glucose ...
Impact of Ischemia on Cellular Metabolism
... such as the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter, an accelerator. This allows the extrusion of sodium from the cell at the expense of an intracellular accumulation of Ca2+. The massive entry of calcium in‐ to the cell disrupts the mechanisms that regulate its intracellular concentration and induces the release of ca ...
... such as the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter, an accelerator. This allows the extrusion of sodium from the cell at the expense of an intracellular accumulation of Ca2+. The massive entry of calcium in‐ to the cell disrupts the mechanisms that regulate its intracellular concentration and induces the release of ca ...
Review #3 Chapters 9 – 10
... All of the following statements about photosynthesis are true EXCEPT a. The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH b. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar c. Photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction cente ...
... All of the following statements about photosynthesis are true EXCEPT a. The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH b. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar c. Photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction cente ...
Cell Respiration
... • Multiple the numbers by 2 as 1 glucose = 2 pyruvates • Again (like Glycolysis, only using substrate level phosphorylation) • Aerobic as oxygen required to remove carbon in the form of CO2 (Bohr’s Shift) Cyclic as we regenerate CoA each round • Occurs in the inner space of the mitochondrion called ...
... • Multiple the numbers by 2 as 1 glucose = 2 pyruvates • Again (like Glycolysis, only using substrate level phosphorylation) • Aerobic as oxygen required to remove carbon in the form of CO2 (Bohr’s Shift) Cyclic as we regenerate CoA each round • Occurs in the inner space of the mitochondrion called ...
File
... b. Is generally carried out by membrane proteins c. Occurs only down concentration gradients d. Is always passive e. Always requires energy 9. The net diffusive flux of carbon dioxide across the membrane will be: a. Predicted by the direction of its mediated transport system b. Inversely proportiona ...
... b. Is generally carried out by membrane proteins c. Occurs only down concentration gradients d. Is always passive e. Always requires energy 9. The net diffusive flux of carbon dioxide across the membrane will be: a. Predicted by the direction of its mediated transport system b. Inversely proportiona ...
CH 9 PowerPoint
... nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is therefore found in two forms in cells: NAD+ ...
... nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is therefore found in two forms in cells: NAD+ ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.