CHAPTER 6
... (a) A drawing of a mitochondrion with components labeled. (b) Tomography of a rat liver mitochondrion. The tubular structures in red, yellow, green, purple, and aqua represent individual cristae formed from the inner mitochondrial membrane. (b,Frey, T.G., and Mannella, C.A.,2000. The internal struct ...
... (a) A drawing of a mitochondrion with components labeled. (b) Tomography of a rat liver mitochondrion. The tubular structures in red, yellow, green, purple, and aqua represent individual cristae formed from the inner mitochondrial membrane. (b,Frey, T.G., and Mannella, C.A.,2000. The internal struct ...
Cellular Respiration
... No electron acceptor at the end of ETC NADH accumulates, NAD+ depleted Krebs & glycolysis stop w/o NAD+ No ATP production (will cause cell death) ...
... No electron acceptor at the end of ETC NADH accumulates, NAD+ depleted Krebs & glycolysis stop w/o NAD+ No ATP production (will cause cell death) ...
CHAPTER 2 The Chemistry of Living Things
... • In the presence of oxygen how many of each of the reduced coenzymes are produced (per glucose)? • With oxygen the carbons from the original glucose exit glycolysis as what molecule? • How many (per glucose)? ...
... • In the presence of oxygen how many of each of the reduced coenzymes are produced (per glucose)? • With oxygen the carbons from the original glucose exit glycolysis as what molecule? • How many (per glucose)? ...
Bacterial Metabolism and Growth
... – cyclic metabolic pathway – produces 1 ATP for every acetyl-CoA – produces 3 NADH for every acetyl-CoA – produces 1 FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA – All 6 carbons from the original glucose molecule have been converted to CO2 by the end of the TCA cycle – Figure 4-4 ...
... – cyclic metabolic pathway – produces 1 ATP for every acetyl-CoA – produces 3 NADH for every acetyl-CoA – produces 1 FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA – All 6 carbons from the original glucose molecule have been converted to CO2 by the end of the TCA cycle – Figure 4-4 ...
SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M.
... across the membrane. That gradient is a form of potential energy, and it can therefore perform some work for the cell. That work is the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP via chemiosmosis, the second ...
... across the membrane. That gradient is a form of potential energy, and it can therefore perform some work for the cell. That work is the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP via chemiosmosis, the second ...
2 ATP - (canvas.brown.edu).
... Broken: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond Formed: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond ...
... Broken: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond Formed: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... Mitochondrial aging is characterized by destruction of structural integrity of the membrane, leading to a decline in mitochondrial membrane fluidity and activities of enzymes associated with membrane lipids [1]. As the activities of most enzymes are regulated by the physicochemical state of the lipi ...
... Mitochondrial aging is characterized by destruction of structural integrity of the membrane, leading to a decline in mitochondrial membrane fluidity and activities of enzymes associated with membrane lipids [1]. As the activities of most enzymes are regulated by the physicochemical state of the lipi ...
File
... b. glycolysis occurs only in photosynthesis, while oxidative respiration is part of cellular respiration. c. glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while oxidative respiration requires oxygen. d. Both of these terms are different names for the same process. 15. Which of the following is not for ...
... b. glycolysis occurs only in photosynthesis, while oxidative respiration is part of cellular respiration. c. glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while oxidative respiration requires oxygen. d. Both of these terms are different names for the same process. 15. Which of the following is not for ...
Metabolic flexibility and carnitine flux: The role of carnitine
... during fasting conditions to the suppression of lipid oxidation, and increased glucose uptake, oxidation and storage under insulin-stimulation. In contrast, metabolic inflexibility observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is characterized by an inability of the organism to shift mitochondrial en ...
... during fasting conditions to the suppression of lipid oxidation, and increased glucose uptake, oxidation and storage under insulin-stimulation. In contrast, metabolic inflexibility observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is characterized by an inability of the organism to shift mitochondrial en ...
Acyl-CoA synthetases : Fatty acid +CoA + ATP → fatty acyl
... Ketone Bodies - formed in the liver and oxidized in skeletal and heart muscle and the renal cortex. Brain adapts to use them under starvation conditions ...
... Ketone Bodies - formed in the liver and oxidized in skeletal and heart muscle and the renal cortex. Brain adapts to use them under starvation conditions ...
Notes Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... The anaerobic pathways probably evolved very early in the history of life on Earth. For more than a billion years, they were the only pathways available for harvesting chemical energy. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA. In eukaryotic cells, this reaction occurs ...
... The anaerobic pathways probably evolved very early in the history of life on Earth. For more than a billion years, they were the only pathways available for harvesting chemical energy. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA. In eukaryotic cells, this reaction occurs ...
Practice Test - IHS AP Biology
... D) Fermentation, but not respiration, is an example of a catabolic pathway. E) NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent only in respiration. ...
... D) Fermentation, but not respiration, is an example of a catabolic pathway. E) NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent only in respiration. ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
... bisphosphoglycerate to a molecule of ADP. This is in contrast to the process we will see Wednesday in the mitochondria which is “oxidative phosphorylation”. ...
... bisphosphoglycerate to a molecule of ADP. This is in contrast to the process we will see Wednesday in the mitochondria which is “oxidative phosphorylation”. ...
BIO 101 Exam 2 practice questions Practice questions Ch 8,9 YOU
... Heat must remain constant during work Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell ...
... Heat must remain constant during work Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell ...
Honors Biology Unit 1 Objectives: The Chemistry of Life
... appearance, and function of the following cell organelles and structures: nucleus, nuclear membrane, DNA (chromatin), mRNA, nucleolus, nucleoid, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cilia, flagellum, ribosome, cell wall, cytosol, cyt ...
... appearance, and function of the following cell organelles and structures: nucleus, nuclear membrane, DNA (chromatin), mRNA, nucleolus, nucleoid, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cilia, flagellum, ribosome, cell wall, cytosol, cyt ...
Cell Respiration
... Since membranes are relatively impermeable to ions, most of the protons re-enter the matrix by passing through special channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of the inward flow of protons these channels allow the synthesis of A. B. C. D. E. ...
... Since membranes are relatively impermeable to ions, most of the protons re-enter the matrix by passing through special channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of the inward flow of protons these channels allow the synthesis of A. B. C. D. E. ...
Study Guide
... 2. What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis? __________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______ ...
... 2. What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis? __________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______ ...
Exam 3
... D. If cellular conditions caused a rise in the concentration of acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix, how would the regulation system work to lower the acetyl CoA levels? Refer to the scheme above to indicate any enzymes that would be activated or deactivated and explain how this would lead to low ...
... D. If cellular conditions caused a rise in the concentration of acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix, how would the regulation system work to lower the acetyl CoA levels? Refer to the scheme above to indicate any enzymes that would be activated or deactivated and explain how this would lead to low ...
Oxidation – a molecule loses electrons
... a. All of the NADH and FADH2 molecules created in glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle become oxidized (lose their e-, therefore recycled back to NAD+ and FAD) to the proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. While the electrons are passed from protein to protein, energy is released that i ...
... a. All of the NADH and FADH2 molecules created in glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle become oxidized (lose their e-, therefore recycled back to NAD+ and FAD) to the proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. While the electrons are passed from protein to protein, energy is released that i ...
Mitochondria and mammalian reproduction
... Fig. 1. Possible roles of mitochondria in reproduction. Mitochondria are double membrane organelles with their own genome (mtDNA). Mitochondrial substrates derived from glycolysis, beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the Krebs cycle (Tricarboxylic acid cycle- TCA) provide energy for ATP production thr ...
... Fig. 1. Possible roles of mitochondria in reproduction. Mitochondria are double membrane organelles with their own genome (mtDNA). Mitochondrial substrates derived from glycolysis, beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the Krebs cycle (Tricarboxylic acid cycle- TCA) provide energy for ATP production thr ...
SADDLEBACK COLLEGE BIOLOGY 20 EXAMINATION 2 STUDY
... such as bacteria or fungi from spoiling your food. 4. Compare and contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria. What general functions do they have in common? How are their functions different? 5. Explain how a eukaryotic cell benefits from its internal membranes and why they can be up to ten times larger ...
... such as bacteria or fungi from spoiling your food. 4. Compare and contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria. What general functions do they have in common? How are their functions different? 5. Explain how a eukaryotic cell benefits from its internal membranes and why they can be up to ten times larger ...
Name Date
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
Cellular Respiration notes
... • The pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis is broken down to lactic acid, and in the process energy is released (which is used to form ATP). • Glucose Pyruvic acid Lactic acid + energy • The process of lactic acid fermentation replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can conti ...
... • The pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis is broken down to lactic acid, and in the process energy is released (which is used to form ATP). • Glucose Pyruvic acid Lactic acid + energy • The process of lactic acid fermentation replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can conti ...
Respiration Test Study Guide
... 39. The enzyme that converts ADP into ATP is called ________ __________________. 40. The two anaerobic pathways convert __________ into ________+, which is then sent back to the process called _____________________. 41. Glucose is split into pyruvate via the biochemical pathway called ______________ ...
... 39. The enzyme that converts ADP into ATP is called ________ __________________. 40. The two anaerobic pathways convert __________ into ________+, which is then sent back to the process called _____________________. 41. Glucose is split into pyruvate via the biochemical pathway called ______________ ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.