Anaerobic glycolysis
... • Glycolysis is universal pathway by which glucose is oxidized and cleaved to pyruvate • Enzymes are in cytosol • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic gl ...
... • Glycolysis is universal pathway by which glucose is oxidized and cleaved to pyruvate • Enzymes are in cytosol • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic gl ...
Translation
... reactions are generally catalyzed by enzymes, it may be said: "Virtually every molecule in a cell is made by the ribosome or by enzymes made by the ribosome." ...
... reactions are generally catalyzed by enzymes, it may be said: "Virtually every molecule in a cell is made by the ribosome or by enzymes made by the ribosome." ...
(DOCX, Unknown)
... C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy. D) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two. E) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis. Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic ...
... C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy. D) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two. E) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis. Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic ...
... Choice B: The standard free energy for the transfer of a 20 residue Gly peptide (Gly20) into a phospholipid bilayer is +60 kJ/M. The standard free energy for the transfer of the sidechain of Cysteine to a nonpolar environment is –3 kJ/mol. You add large amounts of phospholipid to a 1 mM solution of ...
Ch. 5 - Macromolecules
... • The structure of phospholipids – Results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes ...
... • The structure of phospholipids – Results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes ...
LESSON 2.5 WORKBOOK Blood glucose in sleep, a 5 mile
... **Exercise can act like insulin The act of using your muscles can trigger a response that is similar to the effects of insulin. We previously learned that insulin tells the liver to store extra energy. Insulin also has an important role in the muscles: to bring glucose into the cells so that it can ...
... **Exercise can act like insulin The act of using your muscles can trigger a response that is similar to the effects of insulin. We previously learned that insulin tells the liver to store extra energy. Insulin also has an important role in the muscles: to bring glucose into the cells so that it can ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living
... a. Oxidative phosphorylation: The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an e- transport chain. 1.Inner membrane of mitochondrion 2.Accounts for almost 90% of ATP generated by cellular respiration b. Substrate-level phosphorylation: The formation of ATP by directly transf ...
... a. Oxidative phosphorylation: The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an e- transport chain. 1.Inner membrane of mitochondrion 2.Accounts for almost 90% of ATP generated by cellular respiration b. Substrate-level phosphorylation: The formation of ATP by directly transf ...
Metabolism of cardiac muscles
... • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from fatty acid-oxidation decreases glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from glucose (pyruvate) oxidation inhibits fatty acid -oxidation ...
... • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from fatty acid-oxidation decreases glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from glucose (pyruvate) oxidation inhibits fatty acid -oxidation ...
05 Cell Respiration Fermentation Anaerobic and
... accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular ...
... accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular ...
Cell Cycle Control - Georgia Institute of Technology
... E2F/DP1: S-phase transcription factor Retinoblastoma: E2F repressor p27/p21 KIP: cyclin kinase inhibitors p53: cell cycle withdrawal transcription factor ...
... E2F/DP1: S-phase transcription factor Retinoblastoma: E2F repressor p27/p21 KIP: cyclin kinase inhibitors p53: cell cycle withdrawal transcription factor ...
Connecting oxidative stress, auxin, and cell cycle regulation through
... MA PK-specific TXY (threonine-Xtyrosine) motif that is targeted by MAPKKs, dual-specificity protein kinases that activate MAPKs by phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine residue of the TXY motif. MAPKKs are activated themselves by phosphorylation of two conserved serine or threonine resi ...
... MA PK-specific TXY (threonine-Xtyrosine) motif that is targeted by MAPKKs, dual-specificity protein kinases that activate MAPKs by phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine residue of the TXY motif. MAPKKs are activated themselves by phosphorylation of two conserved serine or threonine resi ...
EXAM 1 KEY
... 15. In case study 25 on glycogen storage disease, Alex has a deficiency in the enzyme Muscle phosphorlase a which lead to high levels of glycogen. What would your conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen ...
... 15. In case study 25 on glycogen storage disease, Alex has a deficiency in the enzyme Muscle phosphorlase a which lead to high levels of glycogen. What would your conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen ...
Cell Respiration notes
... Similarly, ATP synthases built into the inner mitochondrial membrane act like minature turbines. H+ can only cross through ATP synthases bc they are not permeable to the membrane. Hydrogen ions rush back “downhill” through an ATP synthase, spinning a component of the complex, just as water turns ...
... Similarly, ATP synthases built into the inner mitochondrial membrane act like minature turbines. H+ can only cross through ATP synthases bc they are not permeable to the membrane. Hydrogen ions rush back “downhill” through an ATP synthase, spinning a component of the complex, just as water turns ...
02_Classification and functions of simple and complex proteins
... Globular and fibrous proteins • On the basis of structural shape, proteins can be classified into two major types: fibrous proteins and globular proteins. • А fibrous protein is а protein that has а long, thin, fibrous shape. Such proteins are made up of long rod-shaped or stringlike molecules that ...
... Globular and fibrous proteins • On the basis of structural shape, proteins can be classified into two major types: fibrous proteins and globular proteins. • А fibrous protein is а protein that has а long, thin, fibrous shape. Such proteins are made up of long rod-shaped or stringlike molecules that ...
Finals Practice Exam
... 36). Which enzyme of the TCA cycle serves as a link between the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, such that if oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited, the TCA cycle will also be inhibited? ...
... 36). Which enzyme of the TCA cycle serves as a link between the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, such that if oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited, the TCA cycle will also be inhibited? ...
Mark scheme Outline the process of glycolysis. (5 marks) occurs in
... large surface area gives more space for electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation inner membrane contains ATP synthetase / ATPase / stalked particles that make ATP (narrow) gap between inner and outer membranes / inter-membrane space ( must be stated or labeled) pH / H+ / proton concentra ...
... large surface area gives more space for electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation inner membrane contains ATP synthetase / ATPase / stalked particles that make ATP (narrow) gap between inner and outer membranes / inter-membrane space ( must be stated or labeled) pH / H+ / proton concentra ...
Document
... • Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein or other organic molecule. • kinases (phosphorylation) and phosphatases (dephosphorylation) are involved in this process. Many enzymes and receptors are switched "on" or "off" by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. • Revers ...
... • Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein or other organic molecule. • kinases (phosphorylation) and phosphatases (dephosphorylation) are involved in this process. Many enzymes and receptors are switched "on" or "off" by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. • Revers ...
Intermediary Metabolism Intermediary Metabolism
... and PPY. Their structure, synthesis, related peptides, secretion, regulation, receptors and effects. Effect of exercise on insulin and on ...
... and PPY. Their structure, synthesis, related peptides, secretion, regulation, receptors and effects. Effect of exercise on insulin and on ...
Back to the Future: Molecular Biology Meets Metabolism
... A similar thought process can be applied to the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) enzyme discovered by Gerald Hart (Hart et al. 2011). OGT ...
... A similar thought process can be applied to the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) enzyme discovered by Gerald Hart (Hart et al. 2011). OGT ...
chapt08
... 2. Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces CO2; because oxygen is required, cellular respiration is aerobic. 3. Cellular respiration usually involves the complete breakdown of glucose into CO 2 and H2O. 4. The net equation for glucose breakdown is: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy 5 ...
... 2. Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces CO2; because oxygen is required, cellular respiration is aerobic. 3. Cellular respiration usually involves the complete breakdown of glucose into CO 2 and H2O. 4. The net equation for glucose breakdown is: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy 5 ...
Exam2-2007.doc
... A) biological catalysts are specific enzymes. B) catalysts increase activation energy requirements. C) catalysts increase reaction rate. D) catalysts are not permanently altered during reaction. E) catalysts can be used over and over again. 30) Which of the following functions as a biological cataly ...
... A) biological catalysts are specific enzymes. B) catalysts increase activation energy requirements. C) catalysts increase reaction rate. D) catalysts are not permanently altered during reaction. E) catalysts can be used over and over again. 30) Which of the following functions as a biological cataly ...
Glycogen
... • Glucose from the portal vein enters the liver cells (hepatocytes). • Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. • Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as both insulin and glucose remain plentiful. In this postpr ...
... • Glucose from the portal vein enters the liver cells (hepatocytes). • Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. • Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as both insulin and glucose remain plentiful. In this postpr ...
File
... (when cyanide absent) complete homogenate can fully respire the glucose/pyruvate to produce carbon dioxide; (when cyanide is present), pyruvate does not enter the mitochondria; some carbon dioxide produced when pyruvate is converted to ethanal; breakdown of the glucose / pyruvate is incomplete; ref. ...
... (when cyanide absent) complete homogenate can fully respire the glucose/pyruvate to produce carbon dioxide; (when cyanide is present), pyruvate does not enter the mitochondria; some carbon dioxide produced when pyruvate is converted to ethanal; breakdown of the glucose / pyruvate is incomplete; ref. ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).