Microbial physiology. Microbial metabolism. Enzymes. Nutrition
... Lipids are broken down into their constituents of glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol is oxidised by glycolysis and the TCA cycle Lipids are broken down to 2 carbon acyl units where they enter the TCA cycle ...
... Lipids are broken down into their constituents of glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol is oxidised by glycolysis and the TCA cycle Lipids are broken down to 2 carbon acyl units where they enter the TCA cycle ...
aerobic respiration
... Electrons lose potential energy during their transfer from glucose to other organic compounds to oxygen. • Electrons are usually passed first to NAD⁺, reducing it to NADH, and then from NADH to an electron transport chain, which conducts them to O₂ in energy-releasing steps. The energy is used to ma ...
... Electrons lose potential energy during their transfer from glucose to other organic compounds to oxygen. • Electrons are usually passed first to NAD⁺, reducing it to NADH, and then from NADH to an electron transport chain, which conducts them to O₂ in energy-releasing steps. The energy is used to ma ...
Key Terms:
... continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD+ need a means to NADH NAD+ Fermentation Purpose is to get rid of NADH to allow glycolysis to continue 1) alcoholic fermentation pyruvate ethanol & CO2 in plants and fungi (like yeasts) both ethanol and CO2 are useful byproducts 2) lact ...
... continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD+ need a means to NADH NAD+ Fermentation Purpose is to get rid of NADH to allow glycolysis to continue 1) alcoholic fermentation pyruvate ethanol & CO2 in plants and fungi (like yeasts) both ethanol and CO2 are useful byproducts 2) lact ...
Sample exam questions Chapter 11 Carbohydrates
... 20) A yeast mutant has a defective triose phosphate isomerase that is totally inactive. Which of the following would you expect if this yeast mutant were grown under anaerobic conditions? (Ignore the amount of ATP consumed in stage of glycolysis.) A. The ATP produced/glucose degraded ratio would be ...
... 20) A yeast mutant has a defective triose phosphate isomerase that is totally inactive. Which of the following would you expect if this yeast mutant were grown under anaerobic conditions? (Ignore the amount of ATP consumed in stage of glycolysis.) A. The ATP produced/glucose degraded ratio would be ...
Biochemical Compounds
... However, water is not considered a biochemical or organic compound. Organisms are not bonded to water, instead water is contained within the ...
... However, water is not considered a biochemical or organic compound. Organisms are not bonded to water, instead water is contained within the ...
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM - UNAIR | E
... oxidation of glucose energy It can function either aerobically or anaerobically pyruvate Occurs in the cytosol of all cell AEROBICALLY GLYCOLYSIS : Pyruvate Mitochondria Asetil CoA Kreb’s Cycle ...
... oxidation of glucose energy It can function either aerobically or anaerobically pyruvate Occurs in the cytosol of all cell AEROBICALLY GLYCOLYSIS : Pyruvate Mitochondria Asetil CoA Kreb’s Cycle ...
13 cellular respiration
... ~ life predates atmospheric O2 by 0.8 billion years ~ most widespread metabolic pathway ...
... ~ life predates atmospheric O2 by 0.8 billion years ~ most widespread metabolic pathway ...
4 Krebs ETC
... • Final e- acceptor in anaerobic metabolism is pyruvic acid • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
... • Final e- acceptor in anaerobic metabolism is pyruvic acid • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... ions from high to low concentration via the protein ATP synthase. • How does a high concentration of hydrogen ions form in the first place? • H+ ions are actively transported using electron energy ...
... ions from high to low concentration via the protein ATP synthase. • How does a high concentration of hydrogen ions form in the first place? • H+ ions are actively transported using electron energy ...
Coomes CELLULAR RESPIRATION: PRACTICE QUESTIONS PRE
... A) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs. B) a canoe going over a waterfall. C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time. ...
... A) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs. B) a canoe going over a waterfall. C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time. ...
File
... Glucose contains a large amount of energy. In fact, it contains too much energy to be released all at once. ...
... Glucose contains a large amount of energy. In fact, it contains too much energy to be released all at once. ...
Chapter 5 - Ellis Benjamin
... Electron transport chain • Embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane • In Aerobic respiration, final electron acceptor is oxygen • oxygen forms water with hydrogen molecules from the broken-down glucose • Chemiosmotic phosphorylation – H+ removed from carriers NADH and FADH2 – Pumped into intermemb ...
... Electron transport chain • Embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane • In Aerobic respiration, final electron acceptor is oxygen • oxygen forms water with hydrogen molecules from the broken-down glucose • Chemiosmotic phosphorylation – H+ removed from carriers NADH and FADH2 – Pumped into intermemb ...
Biology-Chapter2 (Biology
... hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen? A. Water is a substrate in this reaction. B. Bonds in the hydrogen peroxide are weakened in catalase's active site, allowing the chemical reaction to occur. C. Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the catalase enzyme. D. The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide would s ...
... hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen? A. Water is a substrate in this reaction. B. Bonds in the hydrogen peroxide are weakened in catalase's active site, allowing the chemical reaction to occur. C. Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the catalase enzyme. D. The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide would s ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... electron-transport chain. Describe what is meant by a chemiosmotic gradient and explain why this gradient is important. State the approximate number of ATP molecules formed per molecule of glucose resulting from electron transport and chemiosmosis. 9. Sketch a mitochondrion, labeling the outer membr ...
... electron-transport chain. Describe what is meant by a chemiosmotic gradient and explain why this gradient is important. State the approximate number of ATP molecules formed per molecule of glucose resulting from electron transport and chemiosmosis. 9. Sketch a mitochondrion, labeling the outer membr ...
Final Exam Summer 04
... Termination signals for prokaryotic transcription are A. recognized by RNA Pol, which stops synthesis B. implemented by the large ribosomal subunit C. dependent on conformational changes in the new RNA D. recognized by DNA Pol III ...
... Termination signals for prokaryotic transcription are A. recognized by RNA Pol, which stops synthesis B. implemented by the large ribosomal subunit C. dependent on conformational changes in the new RNA D. recognized by DNA Pol III ...
Proteolytic activation
... The clotting process must be precisely regulated -Clots must form rapidly. -Activated clotting factors are short-lived because they diluted by blood flow, removed by the liver, and degraded by proteases. -Factor V and VIII are digested by protein C, switched on by the action of thrombin -Thrombin h ...
... The clotting process must be precisely regulated -Clots must form rapidly. -Activated clotting factors are short-lived because they diluted by blood flow, removed by the liver, and degraded by proteases. -Factor V and VIII are digested by protein C, switched on by the action of thrombin -Thrombin h ...
Nerve activates contraction
... mechanism of signal transduction • The phosphorylation of proteins by a specific enzyme (a protein kinase) is a widespread cellular mechanism for regulating protein activity. • Most protein kinases act on other substrate proteins, unlike the tyrosine kinases that act on themselves. ...
... mechanism of signal transduction • The phosphorylation of proteins by a specific enzyme (a protein kinase) is a widespread cellular mechanism for regulating protein activity. • Most protein kinases act on other substrate proteins, unlike the tyrosine kinases that act on themselves. ...
Document
... Glucose (6C) is split into two pyruvate (3C) molecules. (aka pyruvic acid) does not require oxygen energy harvested/glucose: 2 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 NADH (actively transported into mitochondria of eukaryotic cells for use by the electron transport chain) 1st half: activates glu ...
... Glucose (6C) is split into two pyruvate (3C) molecules. (aka pyruvic acid) does not require oxygen energy harvested/glucose: 2 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 NADH (actively transported into mitochondria of eukaryotic cells for use by the electron transport chain) 1st half: activates glu ...
Keigo Tanaka Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 5. CoA is displaced by a phosphate group, which is transferred to GDP, forming GTP, and then to ADP, forming ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and succinate 6. Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD, forming FADH2 and oxidizing succinate to fumarate 7. The addition of a water molecule rearranges b ...
... 5. CoA is displaced by a phosphate group, which is transferred to GDP, forming GTP, and then to ADP, forming ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and succinate 6. Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD, forming FADH2 and oxidizing succinate to fumarate 7. The addition of a water molecule rearranges b ...
Ch. 9 - Ltcconline.net
... 2. mitochondria can use the energy stored in the H+ concentration to drive the reaction 3. electron transport chain of cell respiraton is built into the inner membrane. a. all the folds of the christae provide increased surface area 4. electrons arrive having been carried by an NADH molecule. a. Oxy ...
... 2. mitochondria can use the energy stored in the H+ concentration to drive the reaction 3. electron transport chain of cell respiraton is built into the inner membrane. a. all the folds of the christae provide increased surface area 4. electrons arrive having been carried by an NADH molecule. a. Oxy ...
Page 1
... regulatory and a 110-kDa (p110) catalytic subunit. The p85 subunit binds trough its two SH2 domains to two PTyr motifs on an activated receptor tyrosine kinase, thereby causing conformational activation of the catalytic subunit. PI3K phosphorylates phosphoinositides in the 3'-position of the inosito ...
... regulatory and a 110-kDa (p110) catalytic subunit. The p85 subunit binds trough its two SH2 domains to two PTyr motifs on an activated receptor tyrosine kinase, thereby causing conformational activation of the catalytic subunit. PI3K phosphorylates phosphoinositides in the 3'-position of the inosito ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).