Active Transport BioFactsheet
... The sodium concentration is much greater outside the cell than inside it. There is therefore a tendency for sodium ions to diffuse into the cell down their concentration gradient. In order to work against this tendency the cell uses active transport to push out more of the sodium ions. By removing s ...
... The sodium concentration is much greater outside the cell than inside it. There is therefore a tendency for sodium ions to diffuse into the cell down their concentration gradient. In order to work against this tendency the cell uses active transport to push out more of the sodium ions. By removing s ...
File
... described is used to _________________ hydrogen ions across the _________________. The uneven distribution of H+ ions across the membrane _________________ an electrochemical _________________, owing to the H+ ions’ positive charge and their higher _________________ on one side of the membrane. Hydr ...
... described is used to _________________ hydrogen ions across the _________________. The uneven distribution of H+ ions across the membrane _________________ an electrochemical _________________, owing to the H+ ions’ positive charge and their higher _________________ on one side of the membrane. Hydr ...
I. Metabolism
... But the cell mainly diverts its metabolism to the secondary metabolism to arise sometimes as storage products (e.g. poly--hydroxybutyrate or triacylglycerol), or other products not present during exponential phase (see Fig. 2-19). ...
... But the cell mainly diverts its metabolism to the secondary metabolism to arise sometimes as storage products (e.g. poly--hydroxybutyrate or triacylglycerol), or other products not present during exponential phase (see Fig. 2-19). ...
Activation of protein kinase A and protein kinase C via intracellular
... During your predoctoral studies, you isolated and immortalized a vascular smooth muscle cell line that displays uncontrolled cell growth when exposed to growth factors such as PDGF. One of several possibly dysfunctional proteins could account for this abnormal cellular phenotype. In the list below, ...
... During your predoctoral studies, you isolated and immortalized a vascular smooth muscle cell line that displays uncontrolled cell growth when exposed to growth factors such as PDGF. One of several possibly dysfunctional proteins could account for this abnormal cellular phenotype. In the list below, ...
Metabolism and Energy
... 2. Fatty Acids can be oxidized to form Acetyl CoA and then proceed through TCA cycle -Fatty acids cannot form pyruvate so they cannot be converted to glucose ...
... 2. Fatty Acids can be oxidized to form Acetyl CoA and then proceed through TCA cycle -Fatty acids cannot form pyruvate so they cannot be converted to glucose ...
Practice Test - IHS AP Biology
... B) 3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 C) 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 D) 1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 E) 38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2 30) Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? A) fermentation and glycolysis B) the citric acid ...
... B) 3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 C) 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 D) 1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 E) 38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2 30) Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? A) fermentation and glycolysis B) the citric acid ...
Structural Biochemistry/Metabolism
... environment, it will turn off the genes that encode the enzymes that are needed to breakdown the sugar. Alternatively, if the sugar becomes available, the genes are switched on. 2.Cellular Regulation'' Metabolism is also coordinated at the cellular level. Cells integrate signals from their environme ...
... environment, it will turn off the genes that encode the enzymes that are needed to breakdown the sugar. Alternatively, if the sugar becomes available, the genes are switched on. 2.Cellular Regulation'' Metabolism is also coordinated at the cellular level. Cells integrate signals from their environme ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration, Harvesting Chemical Energy
... ATP synthase is a protein complex that populates the inner membrane of the mitochondrion o It uses the movement of H+ ions in order to fuel the synthesis of ATP ATP Synthase is composed of four parts, each made up of multiple polypeptide o A rotor, knob, internal rob, and stator. Hydrogen ions flow ...
... ATP synthase is a protein complex that populates the inner membrane of the mitochondrion o It uses the movement of H+ ions in order to fuel the synthesis of ATP ATP Synthase is composed of four parts, each made up of multiple polypeptide o A rotor, knob, internal rob, and stator. Hydrogen ions flow ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... One catabolic process is called fermentation which is a partial oxidation of organic molecules, and it occurs without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of organic compounds, like sugar, with the participation of oxygen in the process. Food provides the “fuel” for the cells, and m ...
... One catabolic process is called fermentation which is a partial oxidation of organic molecules, and it occurs without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of organic compounds, like sugar, with the participation of oxygen in the process. Food provides the “fuel” for the cells, and m ...
2.4 Enzymes PPT 2.4 Enzymes
... sucrose / table sugar Amylase in human saliva breaks down starch Glycogen synthase builds glycogen from glucose ...
... sucrose / table sugar Amylase in human saliva breaks down starch Glycogen synthase builds glycogen from glucose ...
Full Text
... proteins known as transporters are responsible for glucose uptake; in mammals, glucose is imported by members of the GLUT family of which 14 different varieties have been identified in humans [1]. GLUT transporters are members of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters and catalyze the fac ...
... proteins known as transporters are responsible for glucose uptake; in mammals, glucose is imported by members of the GLUT family of which 14 different varieties have been identified in humans [1]. GLUT transporters are members of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters and catalyze the fac ...
Characterization of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in
... In comparison with okadaic acid, the other compounds tested, i.e., microcystin-LR, calyculin-A and nodularin, were more potent inhibitors of RINm5F cell PPases, exhibiting IC50 values of ~ 5 - 1 0 - 1 ~ and IC1oo of ~ 5 . 1 0 - 9 M . These findings indicate that such inhibitors can be used pharmacol ...
... In comparison with okadaic acid, the other compounds tested, i.e., microcystin-LR, calyculin-A and nodularin, were more potent inhibitors of RINm5F cell PPases, exhibiting IC50 values of ~ 5 - 1 0 - 1 ~ and IC1oo of ~ 5 . 1 0 - 9 M . These findings indicate that such inhibitors can be used pharmacol ...
template for Microsoft Word
... Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Background: Kidney-cortex slices incubated with pyruvate formed glucose and lactate in relatively large and approximately equimolar quantities. The formation of these products ...
... Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Background: Kidney-cortex slices incubated with pyruvate formed glucose and lactate in relatively large and approximately equimolar quantities. The formation of these products ...
Brain Needs in Different Metabolic states
... Ketone bodies are more energetically efficient than either pyruvate or fatty acids because they are more reduced (greater hydrogen/carbon ratio) than pyruvate and do not uncouple the mitochondrial proton gradient as occurs with fatty acid metabolism. In contrast to glucose, ketone bodies by-pass cyt ...
... Ketone bodies are more energetically efficient than either pyruvate or fatty acids because they are more reduced (greater hydrogen/carbon ratio) than pyruvate and do not uncouple the mitochondrial proton gradient as occurs with fatty acid metabolism. In contrast to glucose, ketone bodies by-pass cyt ...
Overview of metabolism
... formed from non-carbohydrate sources for survival. It also occurs during intense exercise. These non-carbohydrate precursors include lactate, pyruvate, propionate, glycerol (from diet and lipolysis) and glucogenic amino acids. Site: Mitochondria and cytosol of Liver and kidney are almost the only or ...
... formed from non-carbohydrate sources for survival. It also occurs during intense exercise. These non-carbohydrate precursors include lactate, pyruvate, propionate, glycerol (from diet and lipolysis) and glucogenic amino acids. Site: Mitochondria and cytosol of Liver and kidney are almost the only or ...
BCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004
... 41. CAM plants can keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they A. fix CO2 into organic acids during the night B. fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells C. fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells D. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase whi ...
... 41. CAM plants can keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they A. fix CO2 into organic acids during the night B. fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells C. fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells D. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase whi ...
Solution Worksheet Respiration
... A reaction that show a net loss of energy are called exergonic reactions. The opposite, an endergonic reaction, requires addition of energy to proceed. Enzymes are molecules that act as catalyst for chemical reactions; they lower the activation energy for enzyme reaction and thus accelerate/increase ...
... A reaction that show a net loss of energy are called exergonic reactions. The opposite, an endergonic reaction, requires addition of energy to proceed. Enzymes are molecules that act as catalyst for chemical reactions; they lower the activation energy for enzyme reaction and thus accelerate/increase ...
protein pwrpt - Malibu High School
... Nails Outer layers of skin Muscle tissue Bone (the rubbery inner structure) • Bone marrow • Red Blood Cells ...
... Nails Outer layers of skin Muscle tissue Bone (the rubbery inner structure) • Bone marrow • Red Blood Cells ...
Summary of Cell Communication Chapter 11
... Many signaling pathways regulate not the activity of the enzyme but the synthesis of the enzymes or other proteins. Growth factors and certain animal and plant hormones regulate the activity of genes. Signal amplification ...
... Many signaling pathways regulate not the activity of the enzyme but the synthesis of the enzymes or other proteins. Growth factors and certain animal and plant hormones regulate the activity of genes. Signal amplification ...
lecture2
... The stomach contents (chyme) is introduced into the duodenum through the pyloric valve. The pancreatic and bile duct. open into the duodenum, their alkaline content neutralizes the pH of the chyme as a result of the influence of the hormones secretin which stimulates flow of pancreatic juice and cho ...
... The stomach contents (chyme) is introduced into the duodenum through the pyloric valve. The pancreatic and bile duct. open into the duodenum, their alkaline content neutralizes the pH of the chyme as a result of the influence of the hormones secretin which stimulates flow of pancreatic juice and cho ...
Cell Respiration Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Aerobic
... • Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA • Large amounts of ATP produced per fatty acid ...
... • Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA • Large amounts of ATP produced per fatty acid ...
No Slide Title - Orange Coast College
... Recapitulate major pathways and control systems Consider how these processes are divided among tissues and organs Consider major hormones that control these metabolic functions ...
... Recapitulate major pathways and control systems Consider how these processes are divided among tissues and organs Consider major hormones that control these metabolic functions ...
glucose, faKy acids, amino acids
... removal or addiDon of a phosphate group (kinases are enzymes that add phosphate groups ...
... removal or addiDon of a phosphate group (kinases are enzymes that add phosphate groups ...
PowerPoint
... • 3 CO2, 1 GTP, 4 NADH and 1 FADH2 produced for each pyruvate molecule. • Total: 6CO2, 2 GTP, 8 NADH, 2FADH2 ...
... • 3 CO2, 1 GTP, 4 NADH and 1 FADH2 produced for each pyruvate molecule. • Total: 6CO2, 2 GTP, 8 NADH, 2FADH2 ...
cellrespdiagrams
... Lecture 19: Cellular Respiration. By the end of this lecture you should be able to… Describe respiration as a redox reaction. Concepts and terms: reductant, oxidant, NADH Describe the structure of mitochondria Discuss the major components of cellular respiration. Concepts and terms: glycolysis, Kreb ...
... Lecture 19: Cellular Respiration. By the end of this lecture you should be able to… Describe respiration as a redox reaction. Concepts and terms: reductant, oxidant, NADH Describe the structure of mitochondria Discuss the major components of cellular respiration. Concepts and terms: glycolysis, Kreb ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).