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George Herbert Mead, Public Philosopher: Fostering the
George Herbert Mead, Public Philosopher: Fostering the

... We must get into politics, of course—city politics above all things…because city politics needs men [and women] more than any other branch—and chiefly because…the principles of corporate life—of socialism in America—must start from the city…One doesn’t want too much [ideal] political economy, but he ...
Legitimation crisis
Legitimation crisis

Toward a Theory of Social Conflict
Toward a Theory of Social Conflict

... the task of sociology to derive conflicts from specific social structures and not to relegate these conflicts to psychological variables ("aggressiveness") or to descriptive-historical ones (the influx of Negroes into the United States) or to chance. In the sense of strict sociological analysis, con ...
1 Structuration Theory and Self-Organization Christian Fuchs1
1 Structuration Theory and Self-Organization Christian Fuchs1

... Bridging strict oppositions and avoiding dualistic conceptions is one of the main aims of Giddens’ theory of structuration. Giddens hasn’t commented much on Niklas Luhmann’s theory of self-reference, but much of what he says about functionalism is also true for Luhmann’s conception of society. This ...
On Peter Winch and Qualitative Social Research
On Peter Winch and Qualitative Social Research

... same way as the definition suggests. But what is it for something to be the same as another? For instance, when someone points to a table and says: “this is wood”, how can we know if he is talking about the table (definition of a table) or the material with which the table is made? What if we were t ...
Chapter 8, Deviance - Rogers State University
Chapter 8, Deviance - Rogers State University

qz - Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
qz - Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

... have sometimes slid backwards, but eventually they have taken a new lease on life as times change and their interdependence with other sciences becomes clearer. But the advancement of even the non-social sciences, though historically dependent on previously developed ones, is not assured simply by t ...
Pioneers of social theory 22 The classic period of sociology
Pioneers of social theory 22 The classic period of sociology

... You will encounter many such theories in the various chapters of this book. These theories are, however, connected into larger theoretical frameworks that try to grasp the most general features of social life as a whole. It is these theories that we will look at in this chapter. We will outline the ...
2014-2015 Academic Catalog
2014-2015 Academic Catalog

... Sociology concentrates attention on the basic processes of social interaction that result in human personality and society. The behavior of humans in groups and organized systems such as the family, work, and government is studied. Sociology also looks at the way human behavior is regulated and stan ...
here - ISA RC47
here - ISA RC47

Society as experiment: sociological foundations for a self
Society as experiment: sociological foundations for a self

... From the beginning of the i n s t i t u t i o n a l i z a t i o n of American sociology as a university discipline, sociologists have tried to make their approaches more objective by attempting to adopt the language and methodology of the natural sciences. Included in t h i s endeavor is the perspec ...
Fodor, 2007. Why pigs don`t have wings.
Fodor, 2007. Why pigs don`t have wings.

The Reality of Social Constructions
The Reality of Social Constructions

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SFR12_06 Jordan et al GR01.indd

Cultural evolution of the structure of human groups
Cultural evolution of the structure of human groups

... a broader surrounding population of up to a few thousand people (Gamble 1999; Wiessner 1986; Yengoyan 1968). Thus at some time during hominin evolution, individuals became more likely to encounter strangers who were the kin or partners of their partners, but not directly known to them; that is, in-g ...
www.ssoar.info Relating socio-cultural network concepts to process
www.ssoar.info Relating socio-cultural network concepts to process

... for the meaning of the terms. “Social network” has generally been related to the concept of “structure,” which confronts the idea of “process” on the grounds that social network analysis depicts the synchronic structure of a society (Scott 2000; Wasserman and Faust 1994). Also, the concept of “socio ...
Trust and reciprocity: A theoretical distinction of the sources of social
Trust and reciprocity: A theoretical distinction of the sources of social

... including trust, norms, and common values. While some approaches understand social capital as an individual resource, others predicate it on collectivities, including groups, regions, countries, and even entire cultures. This article, however, is not about discussing analytical strengths and limitat ...
On the Concept of Youth – Some Reflections on Theory
On the Concept of Youth – Some Reflections on Theory

... clear break in both the individual and the social life, as social status becomes the main structural feature for people and society, while age had been the primary criterion during childhood and adolescence. 7 Youth has thus become a subject of social responsibility and protection. It had to be take ...
Social Control: Analytical Tool or Analytical Quagmire?
Social Control: Analytical Tool or Analytical Quagmire?

... concept' (Hay 1978: 108; see also Janowitz 1978, Mayer 1983). Indeed, a number of sociologists are presently engaged in attempts to formulate system- atic theories of social control (Davis 1980, Anderson and Davis 1983, Melossi 1985). However, the hegemony of the concept is not absolute. On the cont ...
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SOCIAL RESEARCH Issues, methods and process Tim May

... Research methods are a central part of the social sciences. They constitute an important part of their curricula and provide a means through which their intellectual development is enhanced. Indeed, their status as ‘sciences’ is often justified by alluding to the technical aspects of research methods ...
Interaction rituals and co-presence – linking humans to
Interaction rituals and co-presence – linking humans to

... and humans in the environment, that is, between spatial form and social processes, whether made explicit or not; the issue is how appropriate and well founded it is. It is therefore essential to space syntax theory and already in the early texts it was argued that space, far from simply constituting ...
5. Change is Central to Sociology
5. Change is Central to Sociology

The Sociology of Emotions: Original Essays and Research Papers
The Sociology of Emotions: Original Essays and Research Papers

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Ch 3

... – An implied set of rights and obligations that are inherent in social policy and assumed by business. ...
What is the Hegelian Dialectic?
What is the Hegelian Dialectic?

< 1 ... 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ... 71 >

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is a modern name given to various theories of society that emerged in the United Kingdom, North America, and Western Europe in the 1870s, which claim to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics. Economically, social Darwinists argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease. Different social Darwinists have differing views about which groups of people are considered to be the strong and which groups of people are considered to be the weak, and they also hold different opinions about the precise mechanism that should be used to reward strength and punish weakness. Many such views stress competition between individuals in laissez-faire capitalism, while others are claimed to have motivated ideas of eugenics, racism, imperialism, fascism, Nazism, and struggle between national or racial groups.The term social Darwinism gained widespread currency when used after 1944 by opponents of these earlier concepts. The majority of those who have been categorised as social Darwinists, did not identify themselves by such a label.Creationists have often maintained that social Darwinism—leading to policies designed to reward the most competitive—is a logical consequence of ""Darwinism"" (the theory of natural selection in biology). Biologists and historians have stated that this is a fallacy of appeal to nature, since the theory of natural selection is merely intended as a description of a biological phenomenon and should not be taken to imply that this phenomenon is good or that it ought to be used as a moral guide in human society. While most scholars recognize some historical links between the popularisation of Darwin's theory and forms of social Darwinism, they also maintain that social Darwinism is not a necessary consequence of the principles of biological evolution.Scholars debate the extent to which the various social Darwinist ideologies reflect Charles Darwin's own views on human social and economic issues. His writings have passages that can be interpreted as opposing aggressive individualism, while other passages appear to promote it. Some scholars argue that Darwin's view gradually changed and came to incorporate views from the leading social interpreters of his theory such as Herbert Spencer. But Spencer's Lamarckian evolutionary ideas about society were published before Darwin first published his theory, and both promoted their own conceptions of moral values. Spencer supported laissez-faire capitalism on the basis of his Lamarckian belief that struggle for survival spurred self-improvement which could be inherited.
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