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air quality rr

... Globally, sea level has risen 4-8 inches over the past century. Worldwide precipitation over land has increased by about one percent.. ...
The Future We Need
The Future We Need

... abroad, are disturbed by the impacts of climate change on people’s livelihoods. There is now a great body of evidence clearly indicating that climate change is a very real and urgent issue that cannot be ignored. Emissions from human activity, particularly burning fossil fuels for energy, are increa ...
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Adapting Climate Change in Irrigation Sector

... The balance between the major ingredients for species including human being [Oxygen (O2)] and the vegetation [Carbon dioxide (CO2)], and other players such as Nitrogen (N2), Methane (NH4) and others  The Change in these atmospheric ingredients and the consequent imbalance or new type of balance am ...
Adapting Climate Change in Irrigation Sector
Adapting Climate Change in Irrigation Sector

... The balance between the major ingredients for species including human being [Oxygen (O2)] and the vegetation [Carbon dioxide (CO2)], and other players such as Nitrogen (N2), Methane (NH4) and others  The Change in these atmospheric ingredients and the consequent imbalance or new type of balance am ...
Ecosystem services: Valuing ecosystems for climate
Ecosystem services: Valuing ecosystems for climate

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Presentation - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY Environment Unit

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Our Fragile Earth - Portfolio of Jenni Riesz

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... Satellite observations show that annual average sea-ice extent has decreased by 2.7 ± 0.6% per decade since 1978 with declines being particularly marked in summer. The summer minimum has been declining at a rate of about 7.4 ± 2.4% (IPCC, 2007a) per decade. In September 2007, the lowest extent ever ...
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Dimensions of the Need for Climate Change Response

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Curriculum Vitae - Overseas Development Institute

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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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