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2017 MCC Earth Day handbook - Metropolitan Community Churches
2017 MCC Earth Day handbook - Metropolitan Community Churches

... for Effective Government, 6/22/15). One of the largest of these was the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska’s Prince William Sound (11 million gallons), and the BP oil spill in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico which spewed 130 to 200 million gallons of crude oil across 87 days before it was capped (Smithsoni ...
The Polar Atmosphere: Forecasts from climate and - MNA
The Polar Atmosphere: Forecasts from climate and - MNA

... – Ant. Peninsula, Ant. steep coastal slopes: scales < 100km ...
Climate Change and Global Wine Quality
Climate Change and Global Wine Quality

... in Earth surface characteristics bring about changes in the Earth’s radiation budget, atmospheric circulation, and hydrologic cycle (IPCC, 2001). Observed warming trends over the last hundred years have been found to be asymmetric with respect to seasonal and diurnal cycles with greatest warming occ ...
Climate Revanchism
Climate Revanchism

... Since Kyoto and the advent of cap and trade, greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere have spiked from around 360 parts per million (ppm) to over 400 ppm today. Cap and trade has not reduced greenhouse gas emissions. And yet, as one consultant explained to me, this agreement “will finally establish th ...
Presentation on Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change
Presentation on Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change

... with due collaboration with other relevant actors The basic foundation needs to be built in 2015 ...
The Impact of Climates Change on Tourism in Africa By Smart N
The Impact of Climates Change on Tourism in Africa By Smart N

... Many tourism jobs are flexible or seasonal and can be taken on in parallel with existing occupations, such as farming and trading. It tends to encourage development of multipleuse infrastructure that benefits the host community, including roads, healthcare facilities and sports centers, in addition ...
PDF
PDF

... imply that the availability of water will, in general be reduced. However, this outcome is not certain. Jones et al (2001) present a number of possible scenarios for regional impacts of climate change. As noted above, allthough all simulations include an increase in mean temperatures and evaporation ...
Impact of Climate Change on Migration from Vietnam to Russia as a
Impact of Climate Change on Migration from Vietnam to Russia as a

... In this context, perspectives of climate immigration to Russia is represented in different way for tens of millions, and possibly hundreds of millions of people abroad, primarily from Africa and Asia, who will be forced to leave their homes due to the effects of climate change, including natural or ...
Kyoto - Curio.ca
Kyoto - Curio.ca

... climate change became a heated and potentially divisive political issue in the autumn of 2002. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien stated unequivocally that Canada would endorse this 1997 international treaty designed to protect the earth’s environment from further global warming by the end of 2002. Under ...
The Science Isn`t Settled
The Science Isn`t Settled

... has as its objective the redirection of public attention to the role of competitive markets in providing for the wellbeing of Canadians. Where markets work, the Institute’s interest lies in trying to discover prospects for improvement. Where markets do not work, its interest lies in finding the reaso ...
behaviour_change
behaviour_change

... much is clear. It certainly cannot involve such common habits as are seen today: massive car driving, massive inefficiency of roads, massive inefficiency of engines, rapacious energy usage, minimal recycling. But obviously there is a lot more to a solution than that. The entire economy must be refit ...
El Nino and La Nina
El Nino and La Nina

... allowing more moisture to evaporate into the atmosphere and leading to more precipitation (rain and snow) So, the increased freshwater into the North Atlantic increases the buoyancy of the ocean and makes it harder more the warm water from the equator to sink to the bottom ...
Climate Change Awareness and Its Effects on Crop Output in
Climate Change Awareness and Its Effects on Crop Output in

... environmental degradation. Achieving such a balance will require definite actions at mitigating the effects of climate change or adapting to the situation. During the last several decades, temperatures have increased across the globe, there has been an increased occurrence of heavy rainfall events a ...
Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the
Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the

... windstress-curl-driven upwelling regions, where well-stratified surface waters22 and coccolithophore productivity develop seasonally. Coccolithophore productivity is favoured in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, where cool nutrient-rich waters from the underlying ventilated thermocline (the strong ...
Is Trump Right or Wrong to Withdraw from the Paris
Is Trump Right or Wrong to Withdraw from the Paris

... India becomes the climate champion over time Following Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw, India was quick to air its unwavering support for the Paris Agreement. Caught between a balancing act of transitioning its economy to a lower carbon intensity while allowing economic growth to reduce poverty, ...
File - Galena High School Library
File - Galena High School Library

... (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/). Other ice core data from: (1) Neftel, A., H. Friedli, E. Moor, H. Lötscher, H. Oeschger, U. Siegenthaler, and B. Stauffer. 1994. Historical CO2 record from the Siple Station ice core. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Inform ...
Acceleration of global warming due to carbon
Acceleration of global warming due to carbon

... (corresponding to a timing error of about 10 years). Possible reasons for this include an overestimate of the prescribed net land-use emissions and the absence of other important climate forcing factors. The modelled global mean temperature increase from 1860 to 2000 is about 1.4 K (Fig. 3b), which ...
Happy Feet`s Penguins Silenced by Climate Change
Happy Feet`s Penguins Silenced by Climate Change

... grounds and feeding areas generates a huge dilemma for the Emperors. If you have ever seen the movie “March of the Penguins”, this is the part where they start to play depressing yet suspenseful music because the female penguins must face the treacherous journey back to the ocean after they lay thei ...
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Colombia
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Colombia

... Climate change is one of the greatest challenges that Humanity must face in this century. It threatens the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and may reverse the progress made to date in human development, especially in developing countries and in the poorest and most vulnerable c ...
Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors
Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors

... differ greatly, this approach fosters the development of smart climate policy and is useful to identify effective opportunities for rapid mitigation of anthropogenic radiative forcing. global warming ∣ mitigation ∣ air pollution ∣ ozone ∣ aerosols ...
Prediction markets prove—Dems win now in 2016
Prediction markets prove—Dems win now in 2016

... serious responsibility for the future, though this does not commit us to the more particular position that we have ethical obligations to future generations. The question does not, thus, require an answer at the general level, nor am I prepared here to demarcate specifically the content of our respo ...
The changes in climate that drive these declines may be manifested
The changes in climate that drive these declines may be manifested

... Furthermore, we have good reasons to think that the USGS estimates of future sequestration may be too optimistic. One reason is that the researchers used a modeling approach that projects future landuse changes and changes in carbon stocks by extrapolating trends from a relatively short period, 1992 ...
Noaa modeling - Chesapeake Bay Program
Noaa modeling - Chesapeake Bay Program

... – Wetlands Workshop report (2014): Regional-scale models that accurately reflect local and landscape-scale patterns and processes (e.g., relative sea level rise, sediment accretion rates, habitat configuration and composition within a landscape), should be applied to make predictions about a changin ...
Abstract - biodiversity
Abstract - biodiversity

... Sustainable Development Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Earth Summit (2002), Climate change was continued to be regarded as the major threat to the Sustainable Development Goal and it required the Human beings’ coordinated efforts to address. Based on the IPCC’s research result; since the commencemen ...
CSIRO_CCAM Model_Methodology_FNL
CSIRO_CCAM Model_Methodology_FNL

... This section describes the methods used to provide high-resolution climate projection information for the Philippines. GCMs provide the best available tools for simulating large-scale future climates based on various greenhouse gas and aerosol emission scenarios, since they are able to couple atmosp ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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