Climate Change and the Past, Present and Future of Biotic Interactions
... of 60° latitude, leading to regional temperature increases via decreased albedo and increased evapotranspiration (45, 46). Higher trophic levels may be most sensitive to climatic change, and both modern and fossil evidence shows that disrupting their trophic interactions can amplify climate changes ...
... of 60° latitude, leading to regional temperature increases via decreased albedo and increased evapotranspiration (45, 46). Higher trophic levels may be most sensitive to climatic change, and both modern and fossil evidence shows that disrupting their trophic interactions can amplify climate changes ...
Death by Degrees: New York - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... Currently, the U.S. is responsible for releasing about 25% of global energyrelated carbon emissions into the atmosphere each year. In 1999, the U.S. released 11% more greenhouse gases than in 1990 (14). ...
... Currently, the U.S. is responsible for releasing about 25% of global energyrelated carbon emissions into the atmosphere each year. In 1999, the U.S. released 11% more greenhouse gases than in 1990 (14). ...
A climate model-based review of drought in the Sahel: Deserti cation, the re-greening and climate change.
... oceans (Fig. 2, from Giannini et al., 200310), especially of the Indian Ocean, combined with enhanced warming of the southern compared to the northern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Bader and Latif (2003) highlight the role of the Indian Ocean in idealized simulations. When they impose a 1 °C cooling of t ...
... oceans (Fig. 2, from Giannini et al., 200310), especially of the Indian Ocean, combined with enhanced warming of the southern compared to the northern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Bader and Latif (2003) highlight the role of the Indian Ocean in idealized simulations. When they impose a 1 °C cooling of t ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... human activity. A survey done of more than four thousand academic papers on climate change that were published over the last 20 years observed that 97.1% agreed that one of the major cause of climate change due to the activities of human beings. Therefore climate change has been a consequence of, ei ...
... human activity. A survey done of more than four thousand academic papers on climate change that were published over the last 20 years observed that 97.1% agreed that one of the major cause of climate change due to the activities of human beings. Therefore climate change has been a consequence of, ei ...
ACP common position paper - Global Climate Change Alliance
... A. Shared Vision 22. We reiterate that, in order to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, a temperature increase of no more than 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels is proposed and this requires: ...
... A. Shared Vision 22. We reiterate that, in order to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, a temperature increase of no more than 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels is proposed and this requires: ...
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... new is the need to regulate the impact of human actions on large-scale biophysical systems. In other words, the vector connecting human systems to biophysical systems in Fig. 1 is growing increasingly important. Also highlighted in the figure is the governance filter, which consists of the sets of rig ...
... new is the need to regulate the impact of human actions on large-scale biophysical systems. In other words, the vector connecting human systems to biophysical systems in Fig. 1 is growing increasingly important. Also highlighted in the figure is the governance filter, which consists of the sets of rig ...
INDCs lower projected warming to 2.7˚C
... In this context a major change since Lima has been China’s INDC and the related policies it has adopted, which we project will result in a peaking of carbon dioxide emissions in the late 2020s, will have substantial consequences for post-2030 emissions, resulting in lower overall global warming. The ...
... In this context a major change since Lima has been China’s INDC and the related policies it has adopted, which we project will result in a peaking of carbon dioxide emissions in the late 2020s, will have substantial consequences for post-2030 emissions, resulting in lower overall global warming. The ...
MC3-Network: Mediterranean Cities and Climate Change.
... and the impact of these changes on urban practices. There are, however, few measurement tools for climate at intra-urban scale, and few programs focusing on the collective understanding of climate change and the practices of urban planning. This project proposes the establishment of a Mediterranean ...
... and the impact of these changes on urban practices. There are, however, few measurement tools for climate at intra-urban scale, and few programs focusing on the collective understanding of climate change and the practices of urban planning. This project proposes the establishment of a Mediterranean ...
LEARN ABOUT… Climate change and ozone depletion
... mid-October. Air masses are isolated within a stratospheric vortex caused by circulating winds that are driven by large temperature differences between outside and inside the Antarctic area. Temperatures within the stratospheric Antarctic vortex are well under the threshold of formation of PSCs, whi ...
... mid-October. Air masses are isolated within a stratospheric vortex caused by circulating winds that are driven by large temperature differences between outside and inside the Antarctic area. Temperatures within the stratospheric Antarctic vortex are well under the threshold of formation of PSCs, whi ...
Analysis of Existing Weather and Climate Information for Malawi
... Information Platform. Projected changes using data from 20 Malawi meteorological stations under the CMIP-5 shows the range of projected future changes across 10 different statisticallydownscaled CMIP5 GCMs for two different RCP pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), deriving anomalies relative to the histo ...
... Information Platform. Projected changes using data from 20 Malawi meteorological stations under the CMIP-5 shows the range of projected future changes across 10 different statisticallydownscaled CMIP5 GCMs for two different RCP pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), deriving anomalies relative to the histo ...
The Met Office Hadley Centre climate modelling capability: the
... this by providing direct evidence of considerable low-top cloud responses in areas which contribute most to inter-model differences in global cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. Uncertainties in cloud feedbacks are also discussed in §4. Another major improvement in HadGEM1 is in the representati ...
... this by providing direct evidence of considerable low-top cloud responses in areas which contribute most to inter-model differences in global cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. Uncertainties in cloud feedbacks are also discussed in §4. Another major improvement in HadGEM1 is in the representati ...
global warming and global, climate changes
... and by measurements of atmospheric CO2 during El Nino warming oceans emit more CO2 into the atmosphere during climatic warming. The ice core records indicate that after the last Ice Age, temperatures rose for about 800 years before atmospheric CO2 rose, showing that climatic warming causes CO2 to r ...
... and by measurements of atmospheric CO2 during El Nino warming oceans emit more CO2 into the atmosphere during climatic warming. The ice core records indicate that after the last Ice Age, temperatures rose for about 800 years before atmospheric CO2 rose, showing that climatic warming causes CO2 to r ...
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... Agriculture in the European Union faces some serious challenges in the coming decades: competition for water resources, rising costs due to environmental protection policies, competition for international markets, loss of comparative advantage in relation to international growers, climate change and ...
... Agriculture in the European Union faces some serious challenges in the coming decades: competition for water resources, rising costs due to environmental protection policies, competition for international markets, loss of comparative advantage in relation to international growers, climate change and ...
Trend Analysis of the Mean Annual Temperature in
... Rwanda is a small mountainous, landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda, it is located at 02˚00 Latitude South and 30˚00 Longitude East. Total land area is about 24,950 km2, and inland lakes cover abo ...
... Rwanda is a small mountainous, landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda, it is located at 02˚00 Latitude South and 30˚00 Longitude East. Total land area is about 24,950 km2, and inland lakes cover abo ...
International Federation of Agricultural Producers
... Even in the case of a stabilization of GHG emissions, the process of climate change will carry on for many decades. Therefore, the need for adaptation of the agricultural sector is important. The main driver of agricultural production are obviously the seasonal variation of temperature, precipitatio ...
... Even in the case of a stabilization of GHG emissions, the process of climate change will carry on for many decades. Therefore, the need for adaptation of the agricultural sector is important. The main driver of agricultural production are obviously the seasonal variation of temperature, precipitatio ...
IPCC (2007) - climate crime index
... regions, even with minimal increases in temperature. Such changes could cause disruptions in food supply in a world that is already afflicted with food shortages and famines. Salt-water intrusion from rising sea levels will reduce the quality and quantity of freshwater supplies. This is a major conc ...
... regions, even with minimal increases in temperature. Such changes could cause disruptions in food supply in a world that is already afflicted with food shortages and famines. Salt-water intrusion from rising sea levels will reduce the quality and quantity of freshwater supplies. This is a major conc ...
Aalborg Universitet Rasmussen, Torben Valdbjørn
... already witnessed extreme single events. Single events have been more intense than predicted and include extreme rainfall, heavier cloudburst, more frequent and longer periods of drought as well as increased winter rainfall. In Denmark data clearly show a rise in precipitation in the period from 187 ...
... already witnessed extreme single events. Single events have been more intense than predicted and include extreme rainfall, heavier cloudburst, more frequent and longer periods of drought as well as increased winter rainfall. In Denmark data clearly show a rise in precipitation in the period from 187 ...
Pattern scaled climate change scenarios: are these useful for adaptation? - Working Paper 71 (699 kB) (opens in new window)
... Similarly, models that simulate smaller ice extent in the Arctic at present, show a more pronounced sea-ice albedo feedback, simulating larger warming in this region [23]. Changes in circulation patterns can also occur as a consequence of model biases: with a large positive bias in surface temperatu ...
... Similarly, models that simulate smaller ice extent in the Arctic at present, show a more pronounced sea-ice albedo feedback, simulating larger warming in this region [23]. Changes in circulation patterns can also occur as a consequence of model biases: with a large positive bias in surface temperatu ...
CEDRIG tools - SDC Disaster Risk Reduction Network
... Risk perspective - combination of different factors ...
... Risk perspective - combination of different factors ...
A Case Study of Biofuels and Solar Energy
... Energy sources exploited in Brazil include hydropower, thermal power, solar power, biofuels and wind energy. According to the National Electric Energy Agency [2], the country has 3336 projects of electricity generation in operation, representing an output of approximately 118 Gigawatts. Thus, signif ...
... Energy sources exploited in Brazil include hydropower, thermal power, solar power, biofuels and wind energy. According to the National Electric Energy Agency [2], the country has 3336 projects of electricity generation in operation, representing an output of approximately 118 Gigawatts. Thus, signif ...
Why Have Climate Negotiations Proved So Disappointing?
... 2007). Moreover, we don’t know the quantity of global emissions (expressed, perhaps, as a cumulative sum) needed to meet any particular concentration target, due to uncertainty in the carbon cycle. For example, there is uncertainty about how much of the CO2 emitted will be taken up by soils and the ...
... 2007). Moreover, we don’t know the quantity of global emissions (expressed, perhaps, as a cumulative sum) needed to meet any particular concentration target, due to uncertainty in the carbon cycle. For example, there is uncertainty about how much of the CO2 emitted will be taken up by soils and the ...
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... modeling. The key to their popularity is that they provide a medium for translating the scientific, technological, and economic complexities of the climate change problem into succinct, economically efficient policy prescriptions. In effect, they assist in answering the central questions of climate ...
... modeling. The key to their popularity is that they provide a medium for translating the scientific, technological, and economic complexities of the climate change problem into succinct, economically efficient policy prescriptions. In effect, they assist in answering the central questions of climate ...
Probabilistic regional and seasonal predictions of twenty-first century temperature and precipitation: Working Paper 23 (440 kB) (opens in new window)
... temperatures in many of the 22 predominantly land regions studied, as well as for model precipitation in a small number of high latitude regions. Probabilistic climate forecasts are most robust and best constrained for global multi-year mean near-surface temperature (Tg) because (i) observational an ...
... temperatures in many of the 22 predominantly land regions studied, as well as for model precipitation in a small number of high latitude regions. Probabilistic climate forecasts are most robust and best constrained for global multi-year mean near-surface temperature (Tg) because (i) observational an ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).