Responding to the Risks Posed by Climate Change: Cities Have No
... required over the next few decades to head off severe climate disruption. So, the most likely scenario is that global temperatures will rise and cities around the world will have to cope with the ...
... required over the next few decades to head off severe climate disruption. So, the most likely scenario is that global temperatures will rise and cities around the world will have to cope with the ...
project information document (pid)
... several villages of S. Tome – Pantufo, Ribeira Afonso and Malanza – fishermen need a better shelter for their canoes to prevent continuing losses of fishing equipment during storms. Ribeira Afonso, Malanza and Sta. Catarina are also amongst the villages which need urgent coastal adaptation solutions ...
... several villages of S. Tome – Pantufo, Ribeira Afonso and Malanza – fishermen need a better shelter for their canoes to prevent continuing losses of fishing equipment during storms. Ribeira Afonso, Malanza and Sta. Catarina are also amongst the villages which need urgent coastal adaptation solutions ...
1 - Ev-K2-CNR
... areas and generate essential and often complementary natural resources, of which water is only the most obvious. Their verticality also generates tremendous habitat and species diversity over short horizontal distances. Human societies – not only within the mountains but also beyond them – exploit t ...
... areas and generate essential and often complementary natural resources, of which water is only the most obvious. Their verticality also generates tremendous habitat and species diversity over short horizontal distances. Human societies – not only within the mountains but also beyond them – exploit t ...
News The Rubenstein School R
... contingent from Italy where the government of Tuscany has been supporting her call for GMO -free farming. According to Dr. Shiva, the Italian support stemmed from how activists were shot at the trade talks in Genoa three years back. The Tuscans have also supported an ad hoc "International Commission ...
... contingent from Italy where the government of Tuscany has been supporting her call for GMO -free farming. According to Dr. Shiva, the Italian support stemmed from how activists were shot at the trade talks in Genoa three years back. The Tuscans have also supported an ad hoc "International Commission ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania Agricultural Systems
... important cash crops such as coffee and cotton. However, according to URT (2003), the two cash crops are projected to experience increases in yield. For example, coffee yields are expected to increase by 18% and 16% for areas located within bimodal and unimodal rainfall respectively. The agriculture ...
... important cash crops such as coffee and cotton. However, according to URT (2003), the two cash crops are projected to experience increases in yield. For example, coffee yields are expected to increase by 18% and 16% for areas located within bimodal and unimodal rainfall respectively. The agriculture ...
Robust spatially aggregated projections of climate
... increase at twice the rate of the mean long-term forced signal. This divergence of linear trends induced by internal variability is even more pronounced for trends from 2005–2035. On the century timescale (2005–2100) regional trends are more robust. We also expect a lower sensitivity to internal var ...
... increase at twice the rate of the mean long-term forced signal. This divergence of linear trends induced by internal variability is even more pronounced for trends from 2005–2035. On the century timescale (2005–2100) regional trends are more robust. We also expect a lower sensitivity to internal var ...
Climate, economics, and statistical thermodynamics
... Maximum entropy production and climate change effects. Poster presented at Bjerknes Centenary Conference ‘Climate Change in High ...
... Maximum entropy production and climate change effects. Poster presented at Bjerknes Centenary Conference ‘Climate Change in High ...
Bhutan pdf, 457kb - WHO South-East Asia
... [RCP8.5] (in orange) and a low emissions scenario, [RCP2.6] (in green).a The text boxes describe the projected changes averaged across about 20 models (thick line). The figures also show each model individually as well as the 90% model range (shaded) as a measure of uncertainty and, where available, ...
... [RCP8.5] (in orange) and a low emissions scenario, [RCP2.6] (in green).a The text boxes describe the projected changes averaged across about 20 models (thick line). The figures also show each model individually as well as the 90% model range (shaded) as a measure of uncertainty and, where available, ...
PDF
... African countries contribute the least to GHG emissions (only 4%), its geographical location and its dependence on natural resources together with its weak financial, institutional and human resource capability threaten to make it especially vulnerable to the consequences of climate change (UNECA, 2 ...
... African countries contribute the least to GHG emissions (only 4%), its geographical location and its dependence on natural resources together with its weak financial, institutional and human resource capability threaten to make it especially vulnerable to the consequences of climate change (UNECA, 2 ...
Slide 1
... How To Improve Parameterization? • Process studies, including field experiments, single column modeling, etc., can lead to better constraints on physical processes. • Ultimately, increased spatial resolution can allow more processes to be modeled explicitly. (But there are many orders of magnitude ...
... How To Improve Parameterization? • Process studies, including field experiments, single column modeling, etc., can lead to better constraints on physical processes. • Ultimately, increased spatial resolution can allow more processes to be modeled explicitly. (But there are many orders of magnitude ...
PDF
... Mix of Adaptation and Mitigation Climate change effects can be reduced through both mitigation and adaptation. The question is, what is the appropriate mix? The material above shows that mitigation—emission reduction—does not have major effects until post 2040 so adaptation is certainly appropriate ...
... Mix of Adaptation and Mitigation Climate change effects can be reduced through both mitigation and adaptation. The question is, what is the appropriate mix? The material above shows that mitigation—emission reduction—does not have major effects until post 2040 so adaptation is certainly appropriate ...
Effects of Global Warming on Precipitable Water Vapor Above Sub
... Global warming over the last century is an established fact. Ground-based temperatures averaged over the year and averaged over the earth have increased by about 0.6 C. Relating this measured increase in global temperature to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is somewhat conjectur ...
... Global warming over the last century is an established fact. Ground-based temperatures averaged over the year and averaged over the earth have increased by about 0.6 C. Relating this measured increase in global temperature to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is somewhat conjectur ...
(Michael Oppenheimer) (January 2014)
... 1986 Empirical relation between sulfur dioxide emissions and acid deposition derived from monthly data (with C. Epstein). Nature, 323, 245. 1987 Stratospheric sulphate production and the photochemistry of the Antarctic circumpolar vortex. Nature, 328, 702. 1988 Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay: A M ...
... 1986 Empirical relation between sulfur dioxide emissions and acid deposition derived from monthly data (with C. Epstein). Nature, 323, 245. 1987 Stratospheric sulphate production and the photochemistry of the Antarctic circumpolar vortex. Nature, 328, 702. 1988 Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay: A M ...
Overlooked Science Issues in Climate Change
... ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative ...
... ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative ...
Executive Summary -- Rocky Mountain Forests at Risk
... much hotter and perhaps drier later this century than even from 1999 to 2003. And if these emissions remain high, temperatures would be far hotter than they have been in several thousand years. Our new analysis of information used in the 2014 National Climate Assessment shows that, given very low fu ...
... much hotter and perhaps drier later this century than even from 1999 to 2003. And if these emissions remain high, temperatures would be far hotter than they have been in several thousand years. Our new analysis of information used in the 2014 National Climate Assessment shows that, given very low fu ...
Case study — Monitoring potential impacts of climate change on the
... is general consensus that climate change will result in increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread net melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. The Fourth IPPC Assessment Report concludes that climate change will have impacts on many aspects of biodiversi ...
... is general consensus that climate change will result in increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread net melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. The Fourth IPPC Assessment Report concludes that climate change will have impacts on many aspects of biodiversi ...
www.ssoar.info How earth science has become a social science
... of climate change are based upon estimates of future concentrations of longlived greenhouse gases (LLGHG) and other relevant atmospheric constituents, and a primary control on these constituents is human activity. So while they are offering a report by physical scientists about physical science, the ...
... of climate change are based upon estimates of future concentrations of longlived greenhouse gases (LLGHG) and other relevant atmospheric constituents, and a primary control on these constituents is human activity. So while they are offering a report by physical scientists about physical science, the ...
Chapter 4 Plant Vulnerabilities and Genetic Adaptation Bryce A. Richardson
... from different populations, potentially affecting fitness. Dispersal occurs on a multigeneration temporal scale, yet the rate and distance propagules travel can have implications on plant species capacity to respond to a changing climate. • Genetic change, the process of creating novel genes by mut ...
... from different populations, potentially affecting fitness. Dispersal occurs on a multigeneration temporal scale, yet the rate and distance propagules travel can have implications on plant species capacity to respond to a changing climate. • Genetic change, the process of creating novel genes by mut ...
73 - ITU
... development, and instructs the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the Directors of the Bureaux, to identify new activities to be undertaken by ITU to support developing countries in achieving sustainable development through telecommunications and ICTs, considering a) that the issue of the envi ...
... development, and instructs the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the Directors of the Bureaux, to identify new activities to be undertaken by ITU to support developing countries in achieving sustainable development through telecommunications and ICTs, considering a) that the issue of the envi ...
Report
... Group II stated that 20‐30% of plant and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at risk of extinction if global average temperatures increase by more than 1.5‐2.5°C (IPCC, Working Group II, 2007). In North America, scientists expect terrestrial species ranges to continue to shift nort ...
... Group II stated that 20‐30% of plant and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at risk of extinction if global average temperatures increase by more than 1.5‐2.5°C (IPCC, Working Group II, 2007). In North America, scientists expect terrestrial species ranges to continue to shift nort ...
nature11018
... ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions25. The respective critical transitions ended at ,443,000,000, ,359,000,000, ,251,000,000, ,200,000,000 and ,65,000,000 yr ago. They are each thought to have taken at most 2,000,000 yr to complete but could have been much shorter; the limitations of geological dating precl ...
... ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions25. The respective critical transitions ended at ,443,000,000, ,359,000,000, ,251,000,000, ,200,000,000 and ,65,000,000 yr ago. They are each thought to have taken at most 2,000,000 yr to complete but could have been much shorter; the limitations of geological dating precl ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).