Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep
... deep-water ¯ow, under conditions similar to those at present with little melt water and an oscillation of the supply (by the North Atlantic Current) of saline water and heat to the Nordic seas. So far, no clear 1,500-yr periodicity in either 14C or 10Be has been reported from ice cores, suggesting t ...
... deep-water ¯ow, under conditions similar to those at present with little melt water and an oscillation of the supply (by the North Atlantic Current) of saline water and heat to the Nordic seas. So far, no clear 1,500-yr periodicity in either 14C or 10Be has been reported from ice cores, suggesting t ...
Linking Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge of Climate Change
... this rich body of knowledge can inform science, and science can in turn perhaps contribute tools and methods that will allow indigenous communities to make informed decisions about their current situations and future prospects. Faithfully representing the people, voices, and history that hold much o ...
... this rich body of knowledge can inform science, and science can in turn perhaps contribute tools and methods that will allow indigenous communities to make informed decisions about their current situations and future prospects. Faithfully representing the people, voices, and history that hold much o ...
Climate change
... ….. are due to ….. (1) uncertainties in past natural and anthropogenic forcing (mainly aerosol forcing) (2) gas-cycle and climate model uncertainties ….. • carbon cycle feedbacks ...
... ….. are due to ….. (1) uncertainties in past natural and anthropogenic forcing (mainly aerosol forcing) (2) gas-cycle and climate model uncertainties ….. • carbon cycle feedbacks ...
annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
... of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. It is predicted that 2016 will be the first year in which CO2 at the Mauna Loa Observatory remains above 400 ppm all year, and hence for many generations [4]. The increase of CO2 from 2014 to 2015 was larger than that observed from 2013 to 2014 and that averag ...
... of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. It is predicted that 2016 will be the first year in which CO2 at the Mauna Loa Observatory remains above 400 ppm all year, and hence for many generations [4]. The increase of CO2 from 2014 to 2015 was larger than that observed from 2013 to 2014 and that averag ...
Chapter 7: Energy Balance of the Earth
... including some feedback involving increasing water vapor with increasing temperature. Our simple "layer" model gives a global mean temperature rise of about 2.7o C for this doubling. This may not seem like much, but it is about the same size as the temperature change that took place at the end of th ...
... including some feedback involving increasing water vapor with increasing temperature. Our simple "layer" model gives a global mean temperature rise of about 2.7o C for this doubling. This may not seem like much, but it is about the same size as the temperature change that took place at the end of th ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part I: Observing
... contain errors, are irregularly spaced and are incomplete in various ways. For example, records of surface temperatures further in the past are available only for certain locations (and the further one goes into the past, the fewer the records are). A standard technique is to use either climate or w ...
... contain errors, are irregularly spaced and are incomplete in various ways. For example, records of surface temperatures further in the past are available only for certain locations (and the further one goes into the past, the fewer the records are). A standard technique is to use either climate or w ...
finalpaper_jinhui_wang - Protected Areas Law Capacity
... The objective of the legal protection The objective of the legal protection for the impacts of climate change in parks is limit global warming by reducing the emission of greenhouse gas emission. The laws are meant to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would ...
... The objective of the legal protection The objective of the legal protection for the impacts of climate change in parks is limit global warming by reducing the emission of greenhouse gas emission. The laws are meant to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would ...
How Will Climate Change Affect the Stillaguamish Watershed?
... The Stillaguamish watershed is projected to experience decreasing snowpack and widespread changes in streamflow timing, flooding, and summer minimum flows but little change in average annual streamflow volume. Warmer winter temperatures will reduce snowpack volume in the Stillaguamish watershed and ...
... The Stillaguamish watershed is projected to experience decreasing snowpack and widespread changes in streamflow timing, flooding, and summer minimum flows but little change in average annual streamflow volume. Warmer winter temperatures will reduce snowpack volume in the Stillaguamish watershed and ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
... soar in a warmer climate. A longer summer season and higher temperatures during the season will increase demand for water-based outdoor activities. In addition, warmer temperatures affect the demand for other recreational activities such as hunting and wildlife viewing. We discuss this issue and the ...
... soar in a warmer climate. A longer summer season and higher temperatures during the season will increase demand for water-based outdoor activities. In addition, warmer temperatures affect the demand for other recreational activities such as hunting and wildlife viewing. We discuss this issue and the ...
Climate Change Preparedness and Resiliency Checklist
... describing the BWSC’s new capital plan for the storm and wastewater system. The IGBC recommends that project developers rely on the BWSC’s projections. However, developers may present a case for considering different numbers. An example of the BWSC precipitation projections follow in Table 7-15. Dev ...
... describing the BWSC’s new capital plan for the storm and wastewater system. The IGBC recommends that project developers rely on the BWSC’s projections. However, developers may present a case for considering different numbers. An example of the BWSC precipitation projections follow in Table 7-15. Dev ...
Golidlocks and the Three Planets
... calcium, and the carbonic acid dissolves a tiny bit of the calcium. Eventually the water, containing both carbonic acid and calcium ions, washes down to the ocean. In our oceans tiny plants and animals, plankton, incorporate the calcium and carbonic acid into shells of calcium carbonate. When the an ...
... calcium, and the carbonic acid dissolves a tiny bit of the calcium. Eventually the water, containing both carbonic acid and calcium ions, washes down to the ocean. In our oceans tiny plants and animals, plankton, incorporate the calcium and carbonic acid into shells of calcium carbonate. When the an ...
Arctic Environmental Change of the Last Four Centuries
... variability of the last 400 years is superimposed on longer-term changes of the Holocene (the last 10,000 years). Most of the Arctic experienced summers warmer (1° to 2°C) than today during the early to middle Holocene, but the timing of this Milankovitch-driven warmth (that is, warmth resulting fro ...
... variability of the last 400 years is superimposed on longer-term changes of the Holocene (the last 10,000 years). Most of the Arctic experienced summers warmer (1° to 2°C) than today during the early to middle Holocene, but the timing of this Milankovitch-driven warmth (that is, warmth resulting fro ...
Resolution – very draft
... livelihood has evolved to be highly dependent upon this substrate for resting, pupping and mating, molting, and feeding. Ringed seals excavate caves (lairs) under the snow on stable sea ice, where they give birth to and raise their pups. The snow caves offer protection from weather and predators. In ...
... livelihood has evolved to be highly dependent upon this substrate for resting, pupping and mating, molting, and feeding. Ringed seals excavate caves (lairs) under the snow on stable sea ice, where they give birth to and raise their pups. The snow caves offer protection from weather and predators. In ...
Changing probabilities of daily temperature extremes in the UK
... clunate change, both mean and variability. Probabilities of the occurrence of particular temperature threshold events were calculated for both present and future climates. Changes in climate variability were considered in 3 ways: (1) by assuming the present variance stays the same in the future; (2) ...
... clunate change, both mean and variability. Probabilities of the occurrence of particular temperature threshold events were calculated for both present and future climates. Changes in climate variability were considered in 3 ways: (1) by assuming the present variance stays the same in the future; (2) ...
Reporting team bios, Exxon documents, related stories and more
... TEXT: For decades, Exxon led efforts to raise doubts about climate change science. LEE R. RAYMOND, CEO, EXXON CORPORATION - NOV. 1996 FOOTAGE: Proponents of the global warming theory say that higher levels of greenhouse gases are causing world temperatures to rise and that burning fossil fuels is th ...
... TEXT: For decades, Exxon led efforts to raise doubts about climate change science. LEE R. RAYMOND, CEO, EXXON CORPORATION - NOV. 1996 FOOTAGE: Proponents of the global warming theory say that higher levels of greenhouse gases are causing world temperatures to rise and that burning fossil fuels is th ...
LNG FUEL CYCLE: IMPACTS Report Number PH3/5 January 1999
... Initial work on this topic by IEA GHG examined the full fuel cycle impacts of CO2 capture applied to 3 types of power plant, a natural gas-fired combined cycle, a pulverised coal-fired plant with supercritical steam conditions, and a coal-fired integrated gasification combined-cycle. CO2 was to be s ...
... Initial work on this topic by IEA GHG examined the full fuel cycle impacts of CO2 capture applied to 3 types of power plant, a natural gas-fired combined cycle, a pulverised coal-fired plant with supercritical steam conditions, and a coal-fired integrated gasification combined-cycle. CO2 was to be s ...
Contributions to the management of Chancay
... enables the creation of a Decision-making Support System. The combination of Geographical Information Systems and database, together with mathematical models adds quality and flexibility to the analysis, generating a set of possible scenarios and respective supporting techniques that will enhance po ...
... enables the creation of a Decision-making Support System. The combination of Geographical Information Systems and database, together with mathematical models adds quality and flexibility to the analysis, generating a set of possible scenarios and respective supporting techniques that will enhance po ...
Annales Zoologici Fennici 33: 125-131
... mountains of northwestern British Columbia on the southern margin of Beringia. The mountains in British Columbia were deglaciated several thousand years before Hudson Bay so it is probable that the founder populations of the shared haplotype came from the west. — Prediction 4: isolated populations i ...
... mountains of northwestern British Columbia on the southern margin of Beringia. The mountains in British Columbia were deglaciated several thousand years before Hudson Bay so it is probable that the founder populations of the shared haplotype came from the west. — Prediction 4: isolated populations i ...
Climate Projections and Impacts on Soybean Production Jerry L
... projection for a shift in the seasonality of precipitation with greater precipitation in the spring and reduced amounts in the summer and coupled with more intense and less frequent rain events. The increase in temperature will create an environment in which the soybean plant is exposed to temperatu ...
... projection for a shift in the seasonality of precipitation with greater precipitation in the spring and reduced amounts in the summer and coupled with more intense and less frequent rain events. The increase in temperature will create an environment in which the soybean plant is exposed to temperatu ...
Junk to Green Funk
... In groups students choose (or are allocated) an image from Attachment 1 representing one environmental issue (e.g. deforestation). In groups brainstorm the cause(s) and effect(s) of this issue e.g.: The causes may be: deforestation happens because people cut down too many trees because they export ...
... In groups students choose (or are allocated) an image from Attachment 1 representing one environmental issue (e.g. deforestation). In groups brainstorm the cause(s) and effect(s) of this issue e.g.: The causes may be: deforestation happens because people cut down too many trees because they export ...
Motions of the Ocean: Climate Change, Tides, and Changing Seas
... Overview/Focus: The mission of the King Tides Project is to help people better understand the impacts of climate change on their local communities by looking at abnormally high tides. These King Tide events (extreme high tides that are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon) are frequently ass ...
... Overview/Focus: The mission of the King Tides Project is to help people better understand the impacts of climate change on their local communities by looking at abnormally high tides. These King Tide events (extreme high tides that are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon) are frequently ass ...
Research Paper: Climate Change and Resource Sustainability
... Actuaries are becoming more aware of the combined impact of climate change and limitations of resources—two separate and very significant issues—putting at risk the sustainability of the current socio-economic systems that support our way of life. Although actuaries do not claim professional experti ...
... Actuaries are becoming more aware of the combined impact of climate change and limitations of resources—two separate and very significant issues—putting at risk the sustainability of the current socio-economic systems that support our way of life. Although actuaries do not claim professional experti ...
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... RCM [regional climate models]-based scenarios that resolve variation in climate response on scales relevant to restricted species and regional reserves [as opposed to global climate models]." ...
... RCM [regional climate models]-based scenarios that resolve variation in climate response on scales relevant to restricted species and regional reserves [as opposed to global climate models]." ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).