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Climate Change Policy
Climate Change Policy

... involving engagement with companies, governments and other rule making bodies on ESG considerations. Any active ownership commitments outlined in this Policy, specifically focused on climate change risks and opportunities, are consistent with HESTA’s Active Ownership Policy. ...
Arctic Circle - Office national du film du Canada
Arctic Circle - Office national du film du Canada

... human activity and its impact on the biosphere and the climate from different perspectives (e.g. researcher,  Inuit, Planet Earth, oil company, political/country, consumer). Develop a position and present a case for or  against continued exploration in the Arctic. The list of Additional Resources at ...
Comparison of Monthly Temperature Extremes Simulated by CMIP3
Comparison of Monthly Temperature Extremes Simulated by CMIP3

... the late twenty-first century, the changes in monthly temperature extremes projected under the three CMIP3 (B1, A1B, and A2) and two CMIP5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios generally follow the changes in climatological annual cycles, which is consistent with previous studies on daily extremes. Compared ...
How much disease could climate change cause?
How much disease could climate change cause?

... Given the clear evidence that many health outcomes are highly sensitive to climate variations, it is inevitable that long-term climate change will have some effect on global population health. Climate change is likely to affect not only health but also many aspects of ecological and social systems, ...
Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change
Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

... • Related market failures and behavioural change ...
Poverty and climate change: Natural disasters, agricultural
Poverty and climate change: Natural disasters, agricultural

... effects on well-being. Three-quarters of global income belongs to North America, Europe, and East Asia; the other regions are economically much smaller, and in particular sub-Saharan Africa, which only generates 2% of global income (World Bank 2015). The location of impacts to GDP therefore matters. ...
Analysis of perception and adaptation to climate change in the Nile
Analysis of perception and adaptation to climate change in the Nile

... which assist to adapt to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is costly (Mendelson, 2004), and this cost could be revealed through the need for intensive labour use. Thus, if farmers do not have sufficient family labour or the financial means to higher labour, they can not adapt. Shortage o ...
Europe
Europe

... winters than the marine west coast zone. The city of Minsk in Belarus does not get much warmer than 70°F (21°C) in July. By ...
Climate change negotiations reconsidered
Climate change negotiations reconsidered

... comply.8 The agreement also created incentives for both countries to remain within the agreement. The Kyoto Protocol provides neither kind of incentive. Simply negotiating tougher emission caps will not help. In Bali, the EU pushed for rich countries to cut their emissions 25–40%. This proposal is c ...
doc3 - Sawea
doc3 - Sawea

... b) Annex A containing the greenhouse gases that Parties will need to report on. Parties will now have to include Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) to the other 6 greenhouse gases for reporting; c) Article 3 paragraph 12 in particular also prevent Annex I Parties from carrying over new hot air into the thir ...
Powerpoint presentation (PPT file)
Powerpoint presentation (PPT file)

... more trees now than in the 1970s Increased diversity of food sources and livelihoods ...
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?

... the Eocene). Two papers in this volume aim to characterize the signal and uncertainties in CO2 proxies from past warm climates. First, Zhang et al. [25] produce a new record of CO2 for the past 40 Myr, making use of the alkenone proxy; these data reveal larger CO2 changes during key transitions in c ...
A changing climate of skepticism? The factors shaping climate
A changing climate of skepticism? The factors shaping climate

... The United States display a development of climate change politics that puts them in stark contrast to most other advanced industrial societies and has created opportunities for a strong climate skeptical movement to take hold. While the US was considered for some time an “environmental pioneer” (Dr ...
New American Media (Opinion), January 20, 2010, by Andrew
New American Media (Opinion), January 20, 2010, by Andrew

... “OCHA [Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs] will lead on overall coordination, while UNEP will ensure the integration of environmental issues into the respective cluster response plans,” said Emergency Relief Coordinator and UnderSecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, John Holme ...
Marine Organism Population Dynamics
Marine Organism Population Dynamics

... • Dynamic ocean‐atmosphere interactions form complex  variations which influence ecological processes ex:  ENSO and NAO ...
Radiative forcing from a changing boreal fire regime
Radiative forcing from a changing boreal fire regime

... negative radiative forcing at the global scale (Fig. 3C) and calls into question the positive feedback that has been suggested in past work. The cooling from a decrease in fire return times is likely to be substantially larger in the northern hemisphere, taking into account the spatial pattern of th ...
Climate change and water resources
Climate change and water resources

... Asia: summer and winter temperatures rise by 0.1- 0.2 degrees per decade over the next 10-20 years. Heavy rainfall and cyclone intensity may increase due to disruption of the El Niño cycle and increasing sea surface temperatures. ...
The shape of things to come: why is climate change so predictable?
The shape of things to come: why is climate change so predictable?

... The framework of feedback analysis is used to explore the controls on the shape of the probability distribution of global mean surface temperature response to climate forcing. It is shown that ocean heat uptake, which delays and damps the temperature rise, can be represented as a transient negative ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... A few of the resources available on the web: http://pmindia.nic.in/climate_change.htm http://www.ipcc.ch http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change http://www.climatecrisis.net “Will Jellyfish rule the world”; Hickman, L.; Puffin, India ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL

... range of present-day observations. Additionally, the performance of SOCOL-MPIOM under changing external forcings is assessed for the period 1600– 2000 using an ensemble of simulations. In the industrial period from 1850 onward SOCOL-MPIOM overestimates the ...
nl-02-24-eu 2016 afolu agri
nl-02-24-eu 2016 afolu agri

... in agro-ecological zones and farming systems, such as different grassland and cropland practices and systems. Challenges and opportunities related to agriculture The findings of the IPCC’s 5th assessment report2 (AR5), the Structured Expert Dialogue (SED 2013-2015)3 and the IPCC expert meeting4 on C ...
Worksheets on Climate Change: Going under! The threat of rising
Worksheets on Climate Change: Going under! The threat of rising

... The threat of rising sea levels for the small island nation of Tuvalu The scenarios and warnings of international scientists regarding climate change and its inevitable consequences must seem like a constant sword of Damocles hanging over the people of Tuvalu. In its new report (2013), the Intergove ...
What Role Do Property Rights Play In Climate Change?
What Role Do Property Rights Play In Climate Change?

... between, on one hand, the United States’ “Takings Clause” under the 5th Amendment, and, on the other hand, the European Union’s Article 1 of the First Protocol (‘A1FP’) to the European Convention on Human Rights. The Takings Clause occupies a much more significant legal and political space than A1FP ...
Product User Guide Version 4 (PUGv4) for the XCO2 - GHG-CCI
Product User Guide Version 4 (PUGv4) for the XCO2 - GHG-CCI

Provincial government of Albay, Philippines
Provincial government of Albay, Philippines

... volcano in its midst, three cities and five municipalities are at risk of volcanic eruptions. An estimated 127 villages or 11,000 to 12,000 families are also at risk of mudslides and eight municipalities and two cities are at risk of floods. ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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