On the relationship between metrics to compare greenhouse gases
... order to emulate the ocean heat uptake and the surface temperature response in more complex models, a diffusivity in the range 0.5–5 is often used in UDEBMs (see Raper et al., 2001; Johansson, 2011; Meinshausen et al., 2011a; Baker and Roe, 2009; Olivié and Stuber, 2010). In the sensitivity analysi ...
... order to emulate the ocean heat uptake and the surface temperature response in more complex models, a diffusivity in the range 0.5–5 is often used in UDEBMs (see Raper et al., 2001; Johansson, 2011; Meinshausen et al., 2011a; Baker and Roe, 2009; Olivié and Stuber, 2010). In the sensitivity analysi ...
Impacts of climate change on the amphibians and reptiles of
... and reptiles—are important components of ecosystems worldwide. They are notably abundant and species rich in wet tropical areas where they play critical roles in food webs often linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Current distributions and ecologies of both amphibians and reptiles closely re ...
... and reptiles—are important components of ecosystems worldwide. They are notably abundant and species rich in wet tropical areas where they play critical roles in food webs often linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Current distributions and ecologies of both amphibians and reptiles closely re ...
Context Analysis - Kenya livestock Marketing Council
... Pastoralism leads to 14.5% 0f human-induced GHG emissions according to a FAO 2013 report 12 however a subsequent FAO 2015 report13 with Scientists from Mazingira centre have found out that Tier 1 emission factors established by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) overestimate both ...
... Pastoralism leads to 14.5% 0f human-induced GHG emissions according to a FAO 2013 report 12 however a subsequent FAO 2015 report13 with Scientists from Mazingira centre have found out that Tier 1 emission factors established by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) overestimate both ...
California rainfall is becoming greater, with heavier storms
... in California. Karl and Knight (1998) found a 10% increase in annual precipitation in the United States between 1910 and 1996 with over half of this increase coming from the upper 10 percentile of daily precipitation. In their study, Higgins et al (2000, 2007) also found that daily precipitation eve ...
... in California. Karl and Knight (1998) found a 10% increase in annual precipitation in the United States between 1910 and 1996 with over half of this increase coming from the upper 10 percentile of daily precipitation. In their study, Higgins et al (2000, 2007) also found that daily precipitation eve ...
Increase of extreme events in a warming world
... n is the number of previous data points in the series. Recent observational studies have shown that, for heat records, the stationarity assumption does not hold. For example, the observed number of heat records of mean monthly temperatures at stations around the world is significantly higher than th ...
... n is the number of previous data points in the series. Recent observational studies have shown that, for heat records, the stationarity assumption does not hold. For example, the observed number of heat records of mean monthly temperatures at stations around the world is significantly higher than th ...
Paving_the_Road_to_Paris_v2
... puts all aspects of a new agreement are up for negotiation. By October 2015, the world’s major emitters had submitted their commitments and a study by Climate Action Tracker (CAT) showed that the plans, if implemented, would “limit average temperature rises to 2.7C above pre-industrial times by 2100 ...
... puts all aspects of a new agreement are up for negotiation. By October 2015, the world’s major emitters had submitted their commitments and a study by Climate Action Tracker (CAT) showed that the plans, if implemented, would “limit average temperature rises to 2.7C above pre-industrial times by 2100 ...
Agriculture and food systems in sub
... by spatial variability in climate. The regional distribution of hungry people will change, with particularly large negative effects in SSA owing to the impact of declines in crop yields on both food availability and access [15]. The challenges for agricultural development are already considerable, a ...
... by spatial variability in climate. The regional distribution of hungry people will change, with particularly large negative effects in SSA owing to the impact of declines in crop yields on both food availability and access [15]. The challenges for agricultural development are already considerable, a ...
Why the Ireland Strategic Investment Fund should be
... around 80% of the fossil fuel reserves of these companies would have to remain unburned if a 2°C limit is to be respected6. The Paris Agreement subsequently asserted the global consensus to remain well below a rise of 2°C, and to pursue efforts to remain within a rise of 1.5°C given the severity of ...
... around 80% of the fossil fuel reserves of these companies would have to remain unburned if a 2°C limit is to be respected6. The Paris Agreement subsequently asserted the global consensus to remain well below a rise of 2°C, and to pursue efforts to remain within a rise of 1.5°C given the severity of ...
Summary of the Garnaut Climate Change Review Final Report
... communities that human-induced climate change is happening. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded in its Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 that the warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ and that there is a greater than 90 per cent chance that ‘the global average net ...
... communities that human-induced climate change is happening. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded in its Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 that the warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ and that there is a greater than 90 per cent chance that ‘the global average net ...
skepticism-ce-footnotes
... impacted by [arbitrary] memes. And not only that, they have a great case; over the last couple of years ‘pause’ memes have indeed spread through the Consensus and caused many adherents to make an accommodation of some kind. Hence L2015 exposes the fact that climate science is not by any means a pure ...
... impacted by [arbitrary] memes. And not only that, they have a great case; over the last couple of years ‘pause’ memes have indeed spread through the Consensus and caused many adherents to make an accommodation of some kind. Hence L2015 exposes the fact that climate science is not by any means a pure ...
October 6, 2007 Ecological Debt Day
... Footprint allows us to assess how much nature we have, how much we use, and who uses what. The Footprint of a population represents the area of biologically productive land and water the population (an individual, city, or all of humanity) requires to provide the resources it consumes and to absorb ...
... Footprint allows us to assess how much nature we have, how much we use, and who uses what. The Footprint of a population represents the area of biologically productive land and water the population (an individual, city, or all of humanity) requires to provide the resources it consumes and to absorb ...
Low Emission Technology and Innovation: the role of IPRs
... monetary terms of your license reflect your willingness to introduce greater lenience due to differences in the purchasing power of the parties?' Licensing terms are more flexible, 50% ...
... monetary terms of your license reflect your willingness to introduce greater lenience due to differences in the purchasing power of the parties?' Licensing terms are more flexible, 50% ...
A history of climate activities
... proceeded vigorously through the early 1980s with a particular focus in the research community on the role of increasing atmospheric concen trations of greenhouse gases in producing global warming. In October 1985, UNEP, WMO and ICSU convened an international assessment of the role of carbon dioxid ...
... proceeded vigorously through the early 1980s with a particular focus in the research community on the role of increasing atmospheric concen trations of greenhouse gases in producing global warming. In October 1985, UNEP, WMO and ICSU convened an international assessment of the role of carbon dioxid ...
Urban Transit Systems and Conditions of Enhanced Climate Variability
... of 0.26 to 0.55 meters (10 inches to 21.66 inches) for a low global greenhouse emission scenario, and from 0.45 to 0.82 meters (17.72 inches to 32.28 inches) for a high emissions scenario (see Figure 1). The range of possible future sea level rise is defined by the variation in the scenarios and the ...
... of 0.26 to 0.55 meters (10 inches to 21.66 inches) for a low global greenhouse emission scenario, and from 0.45 to 0.82 meters (17.72 inches to 32.28 inches) for a high emissions scenario (see Figure 1). The range of possible future sea level rise is defined by the variation in the scenarios and the ...
Erasmus Language Exam Guideline
... "Unless we reduce the human population humanely through family planning, nature will do it for us through violence, epidemics or starvation." Professor Guillebaud said he decided to study the field of human reproduction more than 40 years ago specifically because of the problems he envisaged through ...
... "Unless we reduce the human population humanely through family planning, nature will do it for us through violence, epidemics or starvation." Professor Guillebaud said he decided to study the field of human reproduction more than 40 years ago specifically because of the problems he envisaged through ...
Atmospheric Rivers State of Knowledge Report
... Summary for Policy Makers states that a ”warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” The report goes on to state that “a warming ...
... Summary for Policy Makers states that a ”warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” The report goes on to state that “a warming ...
2. Vulnerability and Adaptation Frameworks
... UK Department for International Development (DFID; Yamin et al., in press). The focus is very much on the current situation, i.e., near-term planning rather than long-term planning. The challenge in using approaches such as this to examine climate change is how to reconcile a focus on the short term ...
... UK Department for International Development (DFID; Yamin et al., in press). The focus is very much on the current situation, i.e., near-term planning rather than long-term planning. The challenge in using approaches such as this to examine climate change is how to reconcile a focus on the short term ...
Summary
... There was need for adaptation to be separated from loss and damage as it was difficult and presented challenges on how to deal with issues of compensation. The group observed that adaptation should be part of 2015 agreement as it remains Zambia’s first Zambia concern that was consistent with that of ...
... There was need for adaptation to be separated from loss and damage as it was difficult and presented challenges on how to deal with issues of compensation. The group observed that adaptation should be part of 2015 agreement as it remains Zambia’s first Zambia concern that was consistent with that of ...
Queries for ecol-90-04-15 1. AU: Should Dieckmann be changed to
... birth rates and seasonal aggregation for migration, than they are by levels of herd immunity. In these systems climate conditions that modify fecundity or social behavior will lead to changes in density and aggregation that will create conditions under which transmission crosses the thresholds that ...
... birth rates and seasonal aggregation for migration, than they are by levels of herd immunity. In these systems climate conditions that modify fecundity or social behavior will lead to changes in density and aggregation that will create conditions under which transmission crosses the thresholds that ...
CATS Annual Report 2013-14
... and Kings College London, amongst others. Research in these areas focused on how to develop the observational analysis so that it can be applied to precipitation timeseries to provide further information for practical planning support, and to the analysis of initial condition ensembles of global cir ...
... and Kings College London, amongst others. Research in these areas focused on how to develop the observational analysis so that it can be applied to precipitation timeseries to provide further information for practical planning support, and to the analysis of initial condition ensembles of global cir ...
Comments on EPA/NHTSA proposed rule on tailpipe standards [get
... US and global climate damages?”, Energy Policy (2009), 37:2717-2721. ...
... US and global climate damages?”, Energy Policy (2009), 37:2717-2721. ...
Climate change and health in Earth`s future
... Climate change can substantially alter these four factors, directly and indirectly. Alternative causal classifications exist, demonstrating the complex pathways that determine migration decisions. For example, Black et al. identify five types of migration drivers, environmental, political, social, dem ...
... Climate change can substantially alter these four factors, directly and indirectly. Alternative causal classifications exist, demonstrating the complex pathways that determine migration decisions. For example, Black et al. identify five types of migration drivers, environmental, political, social, dem ...
Lead–lag relationships between global mean temperature and the
... In this sections, we report the simulations with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity developed at the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM). Its description and performance IAP RAS CM are discussed in Petoukhov et al. (1998), Mokhov et ...
... In this sections, we report the simulations with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity developed at the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM). Its description and performance IAP RAS CM are discussed in Petoukhov et al. (1998), Mokhov et ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).