Characterizing and attributing the warming trend in sea and land
... and southern hemispheres have responded very differently to the observed changes in the radiative forcing. However, once the observed temperatures are purged from natural variability, it is shown that these series share the same underlying warming trend. Furthermore, the time-series analysis of the i ...
... and southern hemispheres have responded very differently to the observed changes in the radiative forcing. However, once the observed temperatures are purged from natural variability, it is shown that these series share the same underlying warming trend. Furthermore, the time-series analysis of the i ...
Provide an initial estimate of the uncertainty in UK predicted climate
... reliability) of UKIR climate projections. This additional uncertainty may also be interpreted from a physical point of view (as well as the experimental point of view emphasised here), in that as finer scales are considered, additional phenomena and processes must be modelled, thus increasing the s ...
... reliability) of UKIR climate projections. This additional uncertainty may also be interpreted from a physical point of view (as well as the experimental point of view emphasised here), in that as finer scales are considered, additional phenomena and processes must be modelled, thus increasing the s ...
spline models of contemporary, 2030, 2060 and 2090 climates for
... Modeling and Analysis (CCC), using the CGCM3 (T63 resolution) model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios; (2) Met Office, Hadley Centre (HAD), using the HadCM3 model, SRES A2 and B2 scenarios; and (3) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFD), using the CM2.1 model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios. The three genera ...
... Modeling and Analysis (CCC), using the CGCM3 (T63 resolution) model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios; (2) Met Office, Hadley Centre (HAD), using the HadCM3 model, SRES A2 and B2 scenarios; and (3) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFD), using the CM2.1 model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios. The three genera ...
Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic
... elucidating the effects of single climate change variables on individual species. Here, we use established meta-analysis techniques to synthesize the existing literature on the interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions. Results: Most of the studies included in ...
... elucidating the effects of single climate change variables on individual species. Here, we use established meta-analysis techniques to synthesize the existing literature on the interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions. Results: Most of the studies included in ...
Lead–lag relationships between global mean temperature and the
... In this sections, we report the simulations with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity developed at the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM). Its description and performance IAP RAS CM are discussed in Petoukhov et al. (1998), Mokhov et ...
... In this sections, we report the simulations with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity developed at the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM). Its description and performance IAP RAS CM are discussed in Petoukhov et al. (1998), Mokhov et ...
Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to
... 1997; Cao & Woodward 1998). The eventual decline shown in these simulations has two main causes: on the one hand, the direct physiological effects of CO2 on productivity and water-use ef®ciency decrease with increasing CO2 concentration, approaching an asymptote at high CO2 concentrations. On the ot ...
... 1997; Cao & Woodward 1998). The eventual decline shown in these simulations has two main causes: on the one hand, the direct physiological effects of CO2 on productivity and water-use ef®ciency decrease with increasing CO2 concentration, approaching an asymptote at high CO2 concentrations. On the ot ...
Download country chapter
... more effective drainage mechanisms, and improved harvesting practices. The SNC also said the Coastal Zone Management Authority should be revitalized, strengthened and charged with: developing an incentive programme to encourage private sector participation in adaptation measures and revising, updati ...
... more effective drainage mechanisms, and improved harvesting practices. The SNC also said the Coastal Zone Management Authority should be revitalized, strengthened and charged with: developing an incentive programme to encourage private sector participation in adaptation measures and revising, updati ...
A Modelling Study on the Variability of Global Storm Activity on Time
... constant until simulation year 152. The 1% p.a. increase represents changes in equivalent CO2 concentration, describing the radiative effects of the major GHGs, which are well mixed ...
... constant until simulation year 152. The 1% p.a. increase represents changes in equivalent CO2 concentration, describing the radiative effects of the major GHGs, which are well mixed ...
A Just Climate: Our Responsibility To Act
... a negative correlation between climate change, poverty alleviation and progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This report seeks to highlight the urgency of action required by the Australian and international community to ensure that the world’s poor are not adversely affected by c ...
... a negative correlation between climate change, poverty alleviation and progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This report seeks to highlight the urgency of action required by the Australian and international community to ensure that the world’s poor are not adversely affected by c ...
Predicting regional climate change: living with uncertainty
... prompted countries to sign and ratify the UN/FCCC and then to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (which sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Masood, 1997) has been summarized in a series of influential reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
... prompted countries to sign and ratify the UN/FCCC and then to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (which sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Masood, 1997) has been summarized in a series of influential reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
Quantifying surface albedo and other direct biogeophysical climate
... By altering fluxes of heat, momentum, and moisture exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere, forestry and other land-use activities affect climate. Although long recognized scientifically as being important, these so-called biogeophysical forcings are rarely included in climate policies for ...
... By altering fluxes of heat, momentum, and moisture exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere, forestry and other land-use activities affect climate. Although long recognized scientifically as being important, these so-called biogeophysical forcings are rarely included in climate policies for ...
The Role of Regional SST Warming Variations in the - NCAR-RAL
... and 3) applying uniform SST warming over the tropics and subtropics. In these experiments, CO2 concentrations are kept constant so that the climate response to the applied SST forcing may be isolated. Of course, in the CMIP3 runs the ensemble-mean SST increase in the twenty-first century is a conseq ...
... and 3) applying uniform SST warming over the tropics and subtropics. In these experiments, CO2 concentrations are kept constant so that the climate response to the applied SST forcing may be isolated. Of course, in the CMIP3 runs the ensemble-mean SST increase in the twenty-first century is a conseq ...
Evaluating Climate Change in the Eastern Sierra Nevada:
... DAY 2 (Internal): What adaptation options are possible for future management of Eastern Sierra resources affected by climate change, and how might these be prioritized? ...
... DAY 2 (Internal): What adaptation options are possible for future management of Eastern Sierra resources affected by climate change, and how might these be prioritized? ...
BALTEX Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic
... • Land‐Sea biogeochemical feedbacks in the Baltic Sea region • Natural hazards and regional variability of water and energy exchanges • Understanding sea level dynamics • General topics ...
... • Land‐Sea biogeochemical feedbacks in the Baltic Sea region • Natural hazards and regional variability of water and energy exchanges • Understanding sea level dynamics • General topics ...
Observations On Environmental Change in South Africa
... either gradual or drastic, but with a high probability of being irreversible. ...
... either gradual or drastic, but with a high probability of being irreversible. ...
Official PDF , 32 pages
... Though this effort is growing, not much research has been done in Ethiopia Climate change could be particularly damaging to countries in Africa, and Ethiopia, being dependent on rainfed agriculture and under heavy pressure from food insecurity and often famine caused by natural disasters such as dro ...
... Though this effort is growing, not much research has been done in Ethiopia Climate change could be particularly damaging to countries in Africa, and Ethiopia, being dependent on rainfed agriculture and under heavy pressure from food insecurity and often famine caused by natural disasters such as dro ...
Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements
... The effects of urbanization and climate change are converging in dangerous ways that seriously threaten the world’s environmental, economic and social stability. Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011 seeks to improve knowledge, among governments and all those interested ...
... The effects of urbanization and climate change are converging in dangerous ways that seriously threaten the world’s environmental, economic and social stability. Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011 seeks to improve knowledge, among governments and all those interested ...
A Portfolio System of Climate Treaties
... Climate negotiations have been going on for so long that history is beginning to repeat itself. In 1988, at a quasi-political conference held in Toronto, participants concluded that global CO2 emissions should be reduced 20 percent from the 1988 level by 2005. Through 2004, however, global emissions ...
... Climate negotiations have been going on for so long that history is beginning to repeat itself. In 1988, at a quasi-political conference held in Toronto, participants concluded that global CO2 emissions should be reduced 20 percent from the 1988 level by 2005. Through 2004, however, global emissions ...
Amphibians in the climate vice - Ecological Society of America
... beetle, and mayfly larva. Shorter hydroperiod ponds also include icons for fairy shrimp and copepods. ...
... beetle, and mayfly larva. Shorter hydroperiod ponds also include icons for fairy shrimp and copepods. ...
Young people`s burden: Requirement of
... Global temperature has just reached a level similar to the mean level in the prior interglacial (Eemian) period, when sea level was several meters higher than today, and, if it long remains at this level, slow amplifying feedbacks will lead to greater climate change and consequences. The growth rate ...
... Global temperature has just reached a level similar to the mean level in the prior interglacial (Eemian) period, when sea level was several meters higher than today, and, if it long remains at this level, slow amplifying feedbacks will lead to greater climate change and consequences. The growth rate ...
Multi-hazard assessment in Europe under climate change
... comparable are largely subjective and inconsistent. The second issue has been addressed mainly qualitatively through descriptive matrices where coupled mechanisms are conceptualized based on multi-hazard dynamics observed at local scale and largely influenced by landscape figures (Kappes et al. 2012 ...
... comparable are largely subjective and inconsistent. The second issue has been addressed mainly qualitatively through descriptive matrices where coupled mechanisms are conceptualized based on multi-hazard dynamics observed at local scale and largely influenced by landscape figures (Kappes et al. 2012 ...
Wetland
... beetle, and mayfly larva. Shorter hydroperiod ponds also include icons for fairy shrimp and copepods. ...
... beetle, and mayfly larva. Shorter hydroperiod ponds also include icons for fairy shrimp and copepods. ...
Climate Model MEA Teacher Materials
... Requires editing and revisions: The product is on a good track to be used. It still needs modifications, additions or refinements. Useful for this specific data given, but not shareable and reusable OR Almost shareable and reusable but requires minor revisions: No changes will be needed to meet the ...
... Requires editing and revisions: The product is on a good track to be used. It still needs modifications, additions or refinements. Useful for this specific data given, but not shareable and reusable OR Almost shareable and reusable but requires minor revisions: No changes will be needed to meet the ...
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America
... the MM5 simulations were obtained from corresponding time slice experiments with the global atmospheric model HadAM3H (Pope et al. 2000). The length of the simulations is 10 years to give a reasonable idea of the mean climate change. Certainly 10 years is a minimum that allows obtaining some informa ...
... the MM5 simulations were obtained from corresponding time slice experiments with the global atmospheric model HadAM3H (Pope et al. 2000). The length of the simulations is 10 years to give a reasonable idea of the mean climate change. Certainly 10 years is a minimum that allows obtaining some informa ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).