Decadal co-variability of Atlantic SSTs and western Amazon dry
... Intermediate amounts of total variance are explained by the decadal component of JASSPI (16%) and RNWL (32%) shown in Fig. 1. The correlation between the two decadal time series is 0.79, significant at P<0.01, tested using a random-phase method designed for serially correlated time series [Ebisuzaki ...
... Intermediate amounts of total variance are explained by the decadal component of JASSPI (16%) and RNWL (32%) shown in Fig. 1. The correlation between the two decadal time series is 0.79, significant at P<0.01, tested using a random-phase method designed for serially correlated time series [Ebisuzaki ...
Climate Change and Security in Africa
... considering its impact on societies with widely differing resources and varied capacities to adapt to external shocks. The projected impact of climate change on societies is, of course, even more uncertain than the projected climate change itself, being a projection based on a projection. There have ...
... considering its impact on societies with widely differing resources and varied capacities to adapt to external shocks. The projected impact of climate change on societies is, of course, even more uncertain than the projected climate change itself, being a projection based on a projection. There have ...
Climate change correlates with rapid delays and advancements in
... Climate change has had a significant impact globally on the timing of ecological events such as reproduction and migration in many species. Here, we examined the phenology of reproductive migrations in 10 amphibian species at a wetland in South Carolina, USA using a 30 year dataset. We show for the ...
... Climate change has had a significant impact globally on the timing of ecological events such as reproduction and migration in many species. Here, we examined the phenology of reproductive migrations in 10 amphibian species at a wetland in South Carolina, USA using a 30 year dataset. We show for the ...
Changing Landscapes, Changing Lives
... number of research studies have been conducted that focused on climate change in the NRB. These studies show that air temperatures have increased by approximately 1.6°C over the last century, and that there has been increasing rainfall and decreasing snowfall over this period. Future temperature pro ...
... number of research studies have been conducted that focused on climate change in the NRB. These studies show that air temperatures have increased by approximately 1.6°C over the last century, and that there has been increasing rainfall and decreasing snowfall over this period. Future temperature pro ...
CLIMATE CHANGE and AGRARIAN SOCIETIES IN
... Low biological production constrained by water limits the provision of basic materials for a good standard of living. This also limits the livelihood opportunities in drylands and often leads to practices, such as intensified cultivation, that cannot be serviced due to low and further impaired nutri ...
... Low biological production constrained by water limits the provision of basic materials for a good standard of living. This also limits the livelihood opportunities in drylands and often leads to practices, such as intensified cultivation, that cannot be serviced due to low and further impaired nutri ...
Effect of climate change on the thermal stratification of the baltic sea
... future climate. These cause-and-effect experiments basically studied the influence of wind changes between period P1 and P2, or the effect of any change of the forcing like relative humidity, cloudiness, etc. The experiments, which are not detailed in the present study, permitted to conclude that th ...
... future climate. These cause-and-effect experiments basically studied the influence of wind changes between period P1 and P2, or the effect of any change of the forcing like relative humidity, cloudiness, etc. The experiments, which are not detailed in the present study, permitted to conclude that th ...
Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
English - Stockholm Convention
... mediterranean zone, the tropical zones, the arid zones and the mountain zones. The temperature increase will have different impact depending on climate in the regions. All regions will experience an increase in surface air temperature, sea water and fresh water temperatures. But they will experience ...
... mediterranean zone, the tropical zones, the arid zones and the mountain zones. The temperature increase will have different impact depending on climate in the regions. All regions will experience an increase in surface air temperature, sea water and fresh water temperatures. But they will experience ...
Adaptation and the Courtroom: Judging Climate Science
... Science is becoming increasingly important in litigation and agency proceedings related to climate change. With the growing emphasis upon adaptation, the potential for disputes in which climate science will be relevant will only multiply. Judges play a critical role in evaluating scientific evidence ...
... Science is becoming increasingly important in litigation and agency proceedings related to climate change. With the growing emphasis upon adaptation, the potential for disputes in which climate science will be relevant will only multiply. Judges play a critical role in evaluating scientific evidence ...
CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST
... A Method for Deriving Phenological Metrics from Satellite Data, Colorado 1991-1995 by Bradley C. Reed with Kristi Sayler Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program by Richard L. Reynolds Monitoring Climate and Vegetation Changes at USGS GEOMET Sites by Paula J. Helm Potential Effects of Global Cha ...
... A Method for Deriving Phenological Metrics from Satellite Data, Colorado 1991-1995 by Bradley C. Reed with Kristi Sayler Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program by Richard L. Reynolds Monitoring Climate and Vegetation Changes at USGS GEOMET Sites by Paula J. Helm Potential Effects of Global Cha ...
Predicting persistence in a changing climate: flow direction and
... complex and widespread (IPCC 2007b) has prompted a focus on understanding and predicting biological impacts (i.e. either negative or positive effects; Kintisch 2008). Some of the most negative impacts are the loss of diversity – including genetic, species, and functional – that accompany extinctions ...
... complex and widespread (IPCC 2007b) has prompted a focus on understanding and predicting biological impacts (i.e. either negative or positive effects; Kintisch 2008). Some of the most negative impacts are the loss of diversity – including genetic, species, and functional – that accompany extinctions ...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda
... believed to be weaker (Long et al., 2006). Another reason is that the global economy is concentrated in the temperate zone, where a bit of warming may well be welcomed because of reductions in heating costs and cold-related health problems. At the same time, the world population is concentrated in t ...
... believed to be weaker (Long et al., 2006). Another reason is that the global economy is concentrated in the temperate zone, where a bit of warming may well be welcomed because of reductions in heating costs and cold-related health problems. At the same time, the world population is concentrated in t ...
PDF
... Global emissions of carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas, have risen about 30 percent since 1990. Projections indicate that in the absence of effective climate change policies global CO2 emissions could increase a further 60 to 70 percent by 2030, with continued growth in emissions beyond that ...
... Global emissions of carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas, have risen about 30 percent since 1990. Projections indicate that in the absence of effective climate change policies global CO2 emissions could increase a further 60 to 70 percent by 2030, with continued growth in emissions beyond that ...
C - Morey Publishing
... Over the last two centuries, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has risen by 40 percent while the concentration of methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas, has more than doubled. It’s scientific findings like these that are driving the regulatory bodies to act. According to a recent ...
... Over the last two centuries, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has risen by 40 percent while the concentration of methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas, has more than doubled. It’s scientific findings like these that are driving the regulatory bodies to act. According to a recent ...
Climate Change, Federalism, and the Constitution
... Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science, Summary for Policymakers 1 (2007). The IPCC explains that “the understanding of anthropogenic warming and cooling influences on climate has improved s ...
... Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science, Summary for Policymakers 1 (2007). The IPCC explains that “the understanding of anthropogenic warming and cooling influences on climate has improved s ...
International Quality Controlled Ocean Database
... Variations in ocean temperature give rise to changes in mixed-layer depth, stratification, mixing rates, sea ice extent, and atmosphere and ocean circulation. All of these changes in the physical environment can affect marine biology, directly and indirectly through changes in marine biogeochemistry ...
... Variations in ocean temperature give rise to changes in mixed-layer depth, stratification, mixing rates, sea ice extent, and atmosphere and ocean circulation. All of these changes in the physical environment can affect marine biology, directly and indirectly through changes in marine biogeochemistry ...
The Paris Agreement Summary
... for reviewing countries’ emissions commitments every five years, and a system for tracking countries’ progress towards meeting their mitigation goals. The coalition succeeded in integrating all four items into the new Agreement. While Parties could not agree on a specific date at which global emissi ...
... for reviewing countries’ emissions commitments every five years, and a system for tracking countries’ progress towards meeting their mitigation goals. The coalition succeeded in integrating all four items into the new Agreement. While Parties could not agree on a specific date at which global emissi ...
Better Predictions, Better Allocations: Scientific Advances and
... contained in the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (AR5), shows that in order for the 2C limit not to be exceeded, emissions of CO2 equivalents will have to turn negative towards the end of the 21st century.2 Given previous experience, agreement on such stringent emissions reduction scenarios at t ...
... contained in the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (AR5), shows that in order for the 2C limit not to be exceeded, emissions of CO2 equivalents will have to turn negative towards the end of the 21st century.2 Given previous experience, agreement on such stringent emissions reduction scenarios at t ...
Climate change and food safety: A review
... etc. FAO also commissioned the production of background documents on the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security, food safety and other relevant subjects. Among many sources of information, this paper reviews the background documentation on the impacts of climate change on food safe ...
... etc. FAO also commissioned the production of background documents on the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security, food safety and other relevant subjects. Among many sources of information, this paper reviews the background documentation on the impacts of climate change on food safe ...
Sea Ice–Albedo Feedback and Nonlinear Arctic Climate Change
... inducing a large and abrupt increase in surface temperature. The Arctic sea ice cover has been in decline since the 1950s [Vinnikov et al., 1999]. This decline is more pronounced in the summer, and recent years have produced striking record minima [Stroeve et al., 2005]. Some researchers have noted ...
... inducing a large and abrupt increase in surface temperature. The Arctic sea ice cover has been in decline since the 1950s [Vinnikov et al., 1999]. This decline is more pronounced in the summer, and recent years have produced striking record minima [Stroeve et al., 2005]. Some researchers have noted ...
Phenological events along the elevation gradient
... divergence of opinion about the magnitude of climate change predicted for the Indian region and its effect on plants. Both climatic models and observational studies give conflicting views regarding the effect of climate change on vegetation. There is now ample evidence which shows that over the past ...
... divergence of opinion about the magnitude of climate change predicted for the Indian region and its effect on plants. Both climatic models and observational studies give conflicting views regarding the effect of climate change on vegetation. There is now ample evidence which shows that over the past ...
First Report - Climate Change Advisory Council
... This transformation is required in Ireland and globally to avoid the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts of climate change, the risk of which increase as the global temperature increases. The impacts of a global temperature increase of 4°C or more are projected to include substa ...
... This transformation is required in Ireland and globally to avoid the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts of climate change, the risk of which increase as the global temperature increases. The impacts of a global temperature increase of 4°C or more are projected to include substa ...
Modeling climate change impacts on phenology and population
... We begin with a brief characterization of the physical aspects of climate change (Section 2.1), develop a general picture of philopatry in terms spatial properties of MMS (Section 2.2), and then consider phenology (Section 2.3). In the final section of the literature review, we address how species ad ...
... We begin with a brief characterization of the physical aspects of climate change (Section 2.1), develop a general picture of philopatry in terms spatial properties of MMS (Section 2.2), and then consider phenology (Section 2.3). In the final section of the literature review, we address how species ad ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).