Forest growth and species distribution in a changing climate
... dry conditions. Increasing temperature directly affects plant growth through effects on photosynthetic and respiration rates. However, plants have a considerable ability to adapt to changing conditions and can tolerate extremely high temperatures, provided that adequate water is available. Increasin ...
... dry conditions. Increasing temperature directly affects plant growth through effects on photosynthetic and respiration rates. However, plants have a considerable ability to adapt to changing conditions and can tolerate extremely high temperatures, provided that adequate water is available. Increasin ...
Impacts of greenhouse gases and aerosol direct and indirect effects
... We use three ensembles of simulations with the LMDZ general circulation model to investigate the radiative impacts of five species of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC-11 and CFC-12) and sulfate aerosols for the period 1930-1989. Since our focus is on the atmospheric changes in clouds and radiati ...
... We use three ensembles of simulations with the LMDZ general circulation model to investigate the radiative impacts of five species of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC-11 and CFC-12) and sulfate aerosols for the period 1930-1989. Since our focus is on the atmospheric changes in clouds and radiati ...
Mechanisms of Current Terrestrial Carbon Sinks and Future
... structure and demography of ecosystems are critical for understanding current and future C sinks. Both need to be coupled to biogeochemical and ecophysiological models. ...
... structure and demography of ecosystems are critical for understanding current and future C sinks. Both need to be coupled to biogeochemical and ecophysiological models. ...
Working Paper Series: The Global Energy Market: Comprehensive Strategies to Meet
... Environment Programme (UNEP), because of growing international concern over a possible long-term rise in global temperatures. The UNFCCC was precisely what its name suggested: a framework for further discussion, negotiation, and agreement. Its stated objective is “to achieve stabilization of greenho ...
... Environment Programme (UNEP), because of growing international concern over a possible long-term rise in global temperatures. The UNFCCC was precisely what its name suggested: a framework for further discussion, negotiation, and agreement. Its stated objective is “to achieve stabilization of greenho ...
Summary of Climate Change Effects on Major Habitat Types in
... systems and geographic variability. These projections are valuable primarily to identify a directional trend and a sense of magnitude. As an example of the inherent uncertainty of future projections, the WACCIA notes that multi-model ensembles of global climate projections may under-represent the lo ...
... systems and geographic variability. These projections are valuable primarily to identify a directional trend and a sense of magnitude. As an example of the inherent uncertainty of future projections, the WACCIA notes that multi-model ensembles of global climate projections may under-represent the lo ...
RCP2.6: exploring the possibility to keep global mean temperature
... process, four scenarios were selected from the scientific literature as a representative set of the current literature (see also Van Vuuren et al., 2011). An important purpose of this selection was to allow new climate model runs exploring a very wide range of radiative forcing levels, in parallel w ...
... process, four scenarios were selected from the scientific literature as a representative set of the current literature (see also Van Vuuren et al., 2011). An important purpose of this selection was to allow new climate model runs exploring a very wide range of radiative forcing levels, in parallel w ...
a guide for tribal leaders on us climate change programs
... engagement and contacts for each agency. In addition to its immediate value to tribes and their partners, this information will provide important groundwork for research on understanding and improving the tribal consultation processes in the context of climate change. ...
... engagement and contacts for each agency. In addition to its immediate value to tribes and their partners, this information will provide important groundwork for research on understanding and improving the tribal consultation processes in the context of climate change. ...
PDF
... Few studies address the effect of climate change on China's agricultural trade. Research by Wang et al. (2009a) finds under a scenario with no CO2 fertilization effect, China's rice, wheat, and corn production will decrease and imports would increase. Under CO2 fertilization effect, production will ...
... Few studies address the effect of climate change on China's agricultural trade. Research by Wang et al. (2009a) finds under a scenario with no CO2 fertilization effect, China's rice, wheat, and corn production will decrease and imports would increase. Under CO2 fertilization effect, production will ...
Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system
... All the objectives above cannot be achieved without an enhanced global carbon observing system to fill current gaps in knowledge on the carbon cycle [30], and as established by the Group on Earth Observations [31]. Such a system needs to embrace both global and regional components, bottom-up and top ...
... All the objectives above cannot be achieved without an enhanced global carbon observing system to fill current gaps in knowledge on the carbon cycle [30], and as established by the Group on Earth Observations [31]. Such a system needs to embrace both global and regional components, bottom-up and top ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Saskatchewan`s Water Resources
... winters for Saskatchewan. Large scale hydrological models that take these scenarios into account suggest changes in the annual streamflow of the South Saskatchewan River ranging from an 8% increase to a 22% decrease, with an 8.5% decrease being an average prediction. Small scale hydrological models ...
... winters for Saskatchewan. Large scale hydrological models that take these scenarios into account suggest changes in the annual streamflow of the South Saskatchewan River ranging from an 8% increase to a 22% decrease, with an 8.5% decrease being an average prediction. Small scale hydrological models ...
The Rockefeller Way - Energy and Environmental Legal Institute
... previously chaired the climate change proponent New America Foundation, which received significant funding from the family. These revelations suggest that the Rockefellers used their influence over both the Columbia Journalism School and Steve Coll to put Coll in place as Dean, providing him the pla ...
... previously chaired the climate change proponent New America Foundation, which received significant funding from the family. These revelations suggest that the Rockefellers used their influence over both the Columbia Journalism School and Steve Coll to put Coll in place as Dean, providing him the pla ...
The Economics of Climate Change in Brazil: Costs and
... risks and to assess and implement the most effective prevention and adaptation measures in terms of costs and benefits. For the first time in Brazil, a large interdisciplinary team, comprised primarily of scientists and economists from leading research institutions in the Country, was brought togeth ...
... risks and to assess and implement the most effective prevention and adaptation measures in terms of costs and benefits. For the first time in Brazil, a large interdisciplinary team, comprised primarily of scientists and economists from leading research institutions in the Country, was brought togeth ...
Introduction – Predicting the magnitude of global climate change
... power and transportation. Currently, about 80% of the world’s power is generated from fossil fuels (Bolin et al. 1986). While undoubtedly beneficial, combustion of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (NOX), and methane (CH4), all commonly referred to as “greenhouse gases.” In r ...
... power and transportation. Currently, about 80% of the world’s power is generated from fossil fuels (Bolin et al. 1986). While undoubtedly beneficial, combustion of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (NOX), and methane (CH4), all commonly referred to as “greenhouse gases.” In r ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Insurance Regulation
... changes are principles that can guide public policy, private investment, and insurance practices.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). ...
... changes are principles that can guide public policy, private investment, and insurance practices.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). ...
Chapter 2: International Legal Approaches: Treaties and Non
... developing countries, but gives special consideration to the situation of fossil-fuel producing states. Nevertheless, given the complexity both of the negotiations, which involved more than 140 states with very different interests and ideologies, and of the causes, effects, and policy implications o ...
... developing countries, but gives special consideration to the situation of fossil-fuel producing states. Nevertheless, given the complexity both of the negotiations, which involved more than 140 states with very different interests and ideologies, and of the causes, effects, and policy implications o ...
Reports - The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
... conservation of wetlands, the Pakistan Wetlands Programme (PWP), WWF-Pakistan, celebrated this event with special fervour a plethora of activities directed at the general public, government line departments, universities and schools were arranged by PMU Islamabad and all site offices of PWP. Many of ...
... conservation of wetlands, the Pakistan Wetlands Programme (PWP), WWF-Pakistan, celebrated this event with special fervour a plethora of activities directed at the general public, government line departments, universities and schools were arranged by PMU Islamabad and all site offices of PWP. Many of ...
Public Perceptions of Climate Change
... causes, and concern over its effects Views on climate change are related to age, with younger Marylanders most likely to say that climate change is happening and each older generation sharing this view less and less. Eightynine percent of Millennials (ages 18-35) and 84 percent of Generation X (ages ...
... causes, and concern over its effects Views on climate change are related to age, with younger Marylanders most likely to say that climate change is happening and each older generation sharing this view less and less. Eightynine percent of Millennials (ages 18-35) and 84 percent of Generation X (ages ...
Can forest watershed management mitigate climate change effects on water resources?
... this influences baseflow, stormflow, groundwater recharge, and flooding. Long-term streamflow data suggest that average annual streamflow has increased and this increase has been linked to greater precipitation in the eastern continental US over the past 100 years (Karl & Knight, 1998; Lins & Slack, ...
... this influences baseflow, stormflow, groundwater recharge, and flooding. Long-term streamflow data suggest that average annual streamflow has increased and this increase has been linked to greater precipitation in the eastern continental US over the past 100 years (Karl & Knight, 1998; Lins & Slack, ...
The representative concentration pathways: an overview
... scenarios that first overshoot their target level). The notion was used as part of the IPCC decision on the development of new scenarios (IPCC 2007). A literature review revealed that scenarios can be found with a year 2100 radiative forcing from as low as 2.5 W/m2 to between 8 and 9 W/m2 and higher ...
... scenarios that first overshoot their target level). The notion was used as part of the IPCC decision on the development of new scenarios (IPCC 2007). A literature review revealed that scenarios can be found with a year 2100 radiative forcing from as low as 2.5 W/m2 to between 8 and 9 W/m2 and higher ...
Impact of anthropogenic absorbing aerosols on clouds and
... of aerosols. On the other hand, by providing existing surfaces to allow nucleation of cloud particles to occur, aerosols lead to a dominant role of heterogeneous nucleation in cloud formation in the atmosphere. The influences of anthropogenic aerosols on the formation of clouds as cloud condensation ...
... of aerosols. On the other hand, by providing existing surfaces to allow nucleation of cloud particles to occur, aerosols lead to a dominant role of heterogeneous nucleation in cloud formation in the atmosphere. The influences of anthropogenic aerosols on the formation of clouds as cloud condensation ...
Seattle Public Library Talk
... Figure 11.12. Temperature and precipitation changes over North America from the 21 MMD-A1B GCM simulations. Top row: Annual mean, DJF and JJA temperature change between 1980 to 1999 and 2080 to 2099, averaged over 21 models. Middle row: same as top, but for fractional change in precipitation. Bottom ...
... Figure 11.12. Temperature and precipitation changes over North America from the 21 MMD-A1B GCM simulations. Top row: Annual mean, DJF and JJA temperature change between 1980 to 1999 and 2080 to 2099, averaged over 21 models. Middle row: same as top, but for fractional change in precipitation. Bottom ...
“Human Rights and Climate Change”. At its 7th session the
... session the Human Rights Council acknowledged the human rights impacts of climate change and proposed five terms of reference. This report will address four of the five terms of reference (a) to (d) which are: (a) Assessments at the national level of the impact of climate change (experienced or anti ...
... session the Human Rights Council acknowledged the human rights impacts of climate change and proposed five terms of reference. This report will address four of the five terms of reference (a) to (d) which are: (a) Assessments at the national level of the impact of climate change (experienced or anti ...
Rain-on-snow events, floods and climate change in the Alps: Events
... 2005, October 2011 and summer 2014 on the Swiss plateau, where rivers flooded several major cities (Bezzola et al., 2008; Hilker et al., 2009). The 1999 and 2011 floods are in fact classical examples of ROS-triggered floods where intense rainfall during elevated temperatures (high freezing levels) fell ...
... 2005, October 2011 and summer 2014 on the Swiss plateau, where rivers flooded several major cities (Bezzola et al., 2008; Hilker et al., 2009). The 1999 and 2011 floods are in fact classical examples of ROS-triggered floods where intense rainfall during elevated temperatures (high freezing levels) fell ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).