Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in
... the nature of the impact is well understood. For urban planning and disaster preparedness, the quantitative assessment of the increase of flood hazards is important. From a research point of view, this quantification is relatively simple regarding the impact of a single influencing variable (e.g. fl ...
... the nature of the impact is well understood. For urban planning and disaster preparedness, the quantitative assessment of the increase of flood hazards is important. From a research point of view, this quantification is relatively simple regarding the impact of a single influencing variable (e.g. fl ...
REDUCED RISK OF NORTH AMERICAN COLD EXTREMES DUE
... and Austin, Texas (Bergstrom Airport, –11.1°C/12°F, 7 January).1 Daily maximum snowfall records were also broken at several stations, including Buffalo, New York (7.6˝, 8 January), and St. Louis, Missouri (10.8˝, 5 January). The cold temperatures and heavy snowfall caused widespread disruption to tr ...
... and Austin, Texas (Bergstrom Airport, –11.1°C/12°F, 7 January).1 Daily maximum snowfall records were also broken at several stations, including Buffalo, New York (7.6˝, 8 January), and St. Louis, Missouri (10.8˝, 5 January). The cold temperatures and heavy snowfall caused widespread disruption to tr ...
Multi-scale climate modelling over Southern Africa using a
... In this paper, we report on a new set of climate projections performed over Southern and tropical Africa using CCAM, to illustrate the capability of the model to function as a flexible downscaling tool at the climate-change time scale. In the downscaling procedure, the sea-ice and bias-corrected SST ...
... In this paper, we report on a new set of climate projections performed over Southern and tropical Africa using CCAM, to illustrate the capability of the model to function as a flexible downscaling tool at the climate-change time scale. In the downscaling procedure, the sea-ice and bias-corrected SST ...
Arctic amplification: can the past constrain the future?
... Conversely, an initial reduction in global mean temperature leads to a greater areal extent of snow and sea ice, a higher albedo, and a further fall in temperature. The albedo feedback is hence positive in that the initial global mean temperature change in response to the forcing is amplified. Given ...
... Conversely, an initial reduction in global mean temperature leads to a greater areal extent of snow and sea ice, a higher albedo, and a further fall in temperature. The albedo feedback is hence positive in that the initial global mean temperature change in response to the forcing is amplified. Given ...
Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
... (decades to millennia) [e.g., Gregory, 2000; Stouffer, 2004; Gregory and Webb, 2008; Held et al., 2010; Andrews et al., 2012]. The ocean response time scales depend not only on the rate at which energy is absorbed at the sea surface (the net ocean heat uptake) but also on the efficiency with which that ...
... (decades to millennia) [e.g., Gregory, 2000; Stouffer, 2004; Gregory and Webb, 2008; Held et al., 2010; Andrews et al., 2012]. The ocean response time scales depend not only on the rate at which energy is absorbed at the sea surface (the net ocean heat uptake) but also on the efficiency with which that ...
successful adaptation implementation
... Cities around the world are preparing for a changing climate. There is no shortage of ideas concerning how cities might reduce the production of greenhouse gases or adapt to a warming planet. There are, though, significant challenges associated with making such ideas actionable. What does it take to ...
... Cities around the world are preparing for a changing climate. There is no shortage of ideas concerning how cities might reduce the production of greenhouse gases or adapt to a warming planet. There are, though, significant challenges associated with making such ideas actionable. What does it take to ...
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?
... EE and policy proposals based on the notion of EE (most notably ‘Contraction and Convergence’) have been criticized for ignoring important aspects of mitigation. Emissions matter only insofar as they increase the atmospheric concentration of GHG which ultimately leads to climate change. But another ...
... EE and policy proposals based on the notion of EE (most notably ‘Contraction and Convergence’) have been criticized for ignoring important aspects of mitigation. Emissions matter only insofar as they increase the atmospheric concentration of GHG which ultimately leads to climate change. But another ...
ASELSAN 2014 CDP Report
... Turkey in 2012. Although energy efficiency was a focal point for the operations in ASELSAN, the effects of these energy efficiency studies on climate change was never calculated. Starting from 2012 the ASELSAN strategy team has focused on climate change. First step was the calculation of our GHG Inv ...
... Turkey in 2012. Although energy efficiency was a focal point for the operations in ASELSAN, the effects of these energy efficiency studies on climate change was never calculated. Starting from 2012 the ASELSAN strategy team has focused on climate change. First step was the calculation of our GHG Inv ...
Andean montane forests and climate change
... rainforests within the tropical zone (after Huber and Riina, 1997), range from c. 1,300 m up to c. 3,600 m elevation. The mean annual temperature at the lower limit of the montane forest is about 20 C, with minima of c. 7 C (Colinvaux et al., 1997). Annual precipitation generally exceeds c. 1,00 ...
... rainforests within the tropical zone (after Huber and Riina, 1997), range from c. 1,300 m up to c. 3,600 m elevation. The mean annual temperature at the lower limit of the montane forest is about 20 C, with minima of c. 7 C (Colinvaux et al., 1997). Annual precipitation generally exceeds c. 1,00 ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particu ...
... The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particu ...
climate change cluster
... Climate change will affect spatial development, including land use, socio-economic activities and life sustaining ecosystem services in the Alpine Space more severely than in other European regions. Climatic changes such as temperature increase, changes in amount, distribution and intensity of preci ...
... Climate change will affect spatial development, including land use, socio-economic activities and life sustaining ecosystem services in the Alpine Space more severely than in other European regions. Climatic changes such as temperature increase, changes in amount, distribution and intensity of preci ...
Predicted effects of climate change on indicator species of structural
... species’ occurrences on both the landscape scale and within the eco-climatic niche of the species. Climate change predicts a decline in occurrence for all four species, ranging from –22% (Three-toed woodpecker) to –41% (Capercaillie). Respective figures for Pygmy owl and Hazel grouse are –26% and –3 ...
... species’ occurrences on both the landscape scale and within the eco-climatic niche of the species. Climate change predicts a decline in occurrence for all four species, ranging from –22% (Three-toed woodpecker) to –41% (Capercaillie). Respective figures for Pygmy owl and Hazel grouse are –26% and –3 ...
presenting - InterAcademy Council
... must be frequently replaced. IPCC is providing an ovberview of the contested issues. In particular it describes dis-sensus. IPCC encourages falsification. Political and scientific functions within IPCC must be strictly separated. ...
... must be frequently replaced. IPCC is providing an ovberview of the contested issues. In particular it describes dis-sensus. IPCC encourages falsification. Political and scientific functions within IPCC must be strictly separated. ...
Natural selection on thermal performance in a novel thermal
... already close to their thermal limits, even small increases in environmental temperature (Te) may produce large decreases in physiological performance that could push populations toward extinction (4). In tropical environments, evolutionary adaptation may be one of the most important mechanisms by w ...
... already close to their thermal limits, even small increases in environmental temperature (Te) may produce large decreases in physiological performance that could push populations toward extinction (4). In tropical environments, evolutionary adaptation may be one of the most important mechanisms by w ...
Vulnerability assessment of water resources in Egypt
... with areas greater than 1 million km2. Even if the noncontributing portion is removed, the Nile's specific discharge is about the same as the Missouri River in the USA, which has the second lowest specific discharge. The Congo River Basin, which shares a long common watershed divide with the Nile, h ...
... with areas greater than 1 million km2. Even if the noncontributing portion is removed, the Nile's specific discharge is about the same as the Missouri River in the USA, which has the second lowest specific discharge. The Congo River Basin, which shares a long common watershed divide with the Nile, h ...
Impacts of climate change on Australian marine life
... Australia’s oceans generate significant economic wealth; about $52 billion per year or 8% of gross domestic product through activities such as fisheries (Figure 1–1), tourism and recreation, shipping and offshore gas and petroleum extraction. Fisheries and aquaculture are important industries in Aus ...
... Australia’s oceans generate significant economic wealth; about $52 billion per year or 8% of gross domestic product through activities such as fisheries (Figure 1–1), tourism and recreation, shipping and offshore gas and petroleum extraction. Fisheries and aquaculture are important industries in Aus ...
i4332e09
... is concentrated in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, while cooking bananas are found primarily in Asia (India, Indonesia and the Philippines) and East Africa. Other dessert bananas are found primarily in Asia and Latin America. Plantains are concentrated in West and Central Africa and Latin ...
... is concentrated in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, while cooking bananas are found primarily in Asia (India, Indonesia and the Philippines) and East Africa. Other dessert bananas are found primarily in Asia and Latin America. Plantains are concentrated in West and Central Africa and Latin ...
Modifying the 2°C Target - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
... its adoption as a global limit. But the EU not only risks damage to its public image. Since Europeans derive their internal emissions reduction objective of 80–95 percent (compared to 1990 levels) by 2050 directly from the 2°C target, a weakening of the global climate policy target would inevitably ...
... its adoption as a global limit. But the EU not only risks damage to its public image. Since Europeans derive their internal emissions reduction objective of 80–95 percent (compared to 1990 levels) by 2050 directly from the 2°C target, a weakening of the global climate policy target would inevitably ...
Briefing report
... That the world’s climate is changing is irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its most recent Assessment Report that it is very likely that the changes we have seen and measured are the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While there may be some oppo ...
... That the world’s climate is changing is irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its most recent Assessment Report that it is very likely that the changes we have seen and measured are the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While there may be some oppo ...
PETM: A Possible Analog to Modern Climate Change / Methane
... happened during the PETM and the current upward trends in atmospheric and oceanic carbon dioxide. Objectives: After completing this investigation, you should be able to: • Describe the chemical and physical characteristics of methane hydrate and its distribution in the Earth environment. • Demonstra ...
... happened during the PETM and the current upward trends in atmospheric and oceanic carbon dioxide. Objectives: After completing this investigation, you should be able to: • Describe the chemical and physical characteristics of methane hydrate and its distribution in the Earth environment. • Demonstra ...
... gold standard for evaluating model performance (Thorne et al., 2007). A recent study by Douglass, Christy, Pearson, and Singer (Douglass et al., 2007; hereinafter DCPS07) revisits earlier comparisons of simulated and observed tropospheric temperature changes performed by Santer et al. (2005, 2006), ...
Final Report Climate change and Wetlands.doc
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
Bewertung der Risiken des Klimawandels für
... The analysis of vulnerability, which integrates results from both the bio-physical simulations and the agro-climatic indicators, provides an indication of which regions may expect potentially significant production changes by the time horizons of 2020 and 2030. The analyses of this study must be con ...
... The analysis of vulnerability, which integrates results from both the bio-physical simulations and the agro-climatic indicators, provides an indication of which regions may expect potentially significant production changes by the time horizons of 2020 and 2030. The analyses of this study must be con ...
A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... acknowledge that although large‐scale trends in climate changes in the Arctic display clear trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten year ...
... acknowledge that although large‐scale trends in climate changes in the Arctic display clear trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten year ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).