Rain-on-snow events, floods and climate change in the Alps: Events
... 2005, October 2011 and summer 2014 on the Swiss plateau, where rivers flooded several major cities (Bezzola et al., 2008; Hilker et al., 2009). The 1999 and 2011 floods are in fact classical examples of ROS-triggered floods where intense rainfall during elevated temperatures (high freezing levels) fell ...
... 2005, October 2011 and summer 2014 on the Swiss plateau, where rivers flooded several major cities (Bezzola et al., 2008; Hilker et al., 2009). The 1999 and 2011 floods are in fact classical examples of ROS-triggered floods where intense rainfall during elevated temperatures (high freezing levels) fell ...
Chapter 6 _4_ - Mater Academy of International Studies
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
Building resilience to climate-related shocks: farmers` vulnerability to
... 2011; Vincent and Cull 2014). Thus, the occurrence of climate shocks and extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, strong winds, heat waves, earthquakes, hurricanes is widespread. However, it is not easy to attribute any extreme weather event and climate shock to a change in the climate, as ...
... 2011; Vincent and Cull 2014). Thus, the occurrence of climate shocks and extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, strong winds, heat waves, earthquakes, hurricanes is widespread. However, it is not easy to attribute any extreme weather event and climate shock to a change in the climate, as ...
Gender and climate change in the Indian Himalayas: global threats
... differentiated vulnerability and risk in the context of natural disasters and catastrophic events offer important insights for studies of climate change (Enarson and Morrow, 1998; Poumadére et al., 2005; Neumayer and Plümper, 2007; Enarson and Chakrabarti, 2009; Mearns and Norton, 2010; Dankleman, 2 ...
... differentiated vulnerability and risk in the context of natural disasters and catastrophic events offer important insights for studies of climate change (Enarson and Morrow, 1998; Poumadére et al., 2005; Neumayer and Plümper, 2007; Enarson and Chakrabarti, 2009; Mearns and Norton, 2010; Dankleman, 2 ...
Briefing_note_on_legal_synergies
... including changes in climate, that are necessary to protect human health and the environment. This signifies that the ozone regime recognizes the interrelationship between the atmospheric issues associated with ozone depletion and climate change. Under the climate regime, Article 2 of the UNFCCC st ...
... including changes in climate, that are necessary to protect human health and the environment. This signifies that the ozone regime recognizes the interrelationship between the atmospheric issues associated with ozone depletion and climate change. Under the climate regime, Article 2 of the UNFCCC st ...
6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
Briefing_note_on_legal_synergies
... including changes in climate, that are necessary to protect human health and the environment. This signifies that the ozone regime recognizes the interrelationship between the atmospheric issues associated with ozone depletion and climate change. Under the climate regime, Article 2 of the UNFCCC st ...
... including changes in climate, that are necessary to protect human health and the environment. This signifies that the ozone regime recognizes the interrelationship between the atmospheric issues associated with ozone depletion and climate change. Under the climate regime, Article 2 of the UNFCCC st ...
understanding el niño in ocean–atmosphere general
... GCMs exhibit a linear ENSO, with SST skewness near zero in the tropical Pacific (Hannachi et al. 2001; van Oldenborgh et al. 2005). This could conceivably render them less sensitive than the real world to changes in climate, even though other studies attribute the positive skewness of ENSO to source ...
... GCMs exhibit a linear ENSO, with SST skewness near zero in the tropical Pacific (Hannachi et al. 2001; van Oldenborgh et al. 2005). This could conceivably render them less sensitive than the real world to changes in climate, even though other studies attribute the positive skewness of ENSO to source ...
Trends of surface humidity and temperature during 1951
... (1) The saturation vapour pressure increases exponentially with the growth of temperature, which is consistent with the simplified Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The annual observations from Beijing Meteorological Station are very close to the theoretical values, but with seasonal variations. When the ...
... (1) The saturation vapour pressure increases exponentially with the growth of temperature, which is consistent with the simplified Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The annual observations from Beijing Meteorological Station are very close to the theoretical values, but with seasonal variations. When the ...
Chapter 2 Current Legal Challenges in Climate Change Justice
... targets through national measures to reduce GHG emissions. The Kyoto Protocol also permits Annex B parties to participate in GHG emissions trading for the purpose of fulfilling commitments under Article 3 of the UNFCCC.150 In addition, the Kyoto Protocol established two other market-based mechanisms ...
... targets through national measures to reduce GHG emissions. The Kyoto Protocol also permits Annex B parties to participate in GHG emissions trading for the purpose of fulfilling commitments under Article 3 of the UNFCCC.150 In addition, the Kyoto Protocol established two other market-based mechanisms ...
Land use planning tools for local adaptation to climate change
... Land use planning is one of the most effective processes to facilitate local adaptation to climate change.3,4 Historically, local governments have used land use planning tools – official plans, zoning, development permits and others – to minimize risks to communities from floods, wildfires, landslid ...
... Land use planning is one of the most effective processes to facilitate local adaptation to climate change.3,4 Historically, local governments have used land use planning tools – official plans, zoning, development permits and others – to minimize risks to communities from floods, wildfires, landslid ...
Kenya Talks Climate
... fundamental shortage of relevant, useful information for African audiences. The intensive media coverage and public awareness campaigns prevalent in much of the industrialised world have been largely absent in Africa, particularly outside major urban centres. Too often, African voices are absent fro ...
... fundamental shortage of relevant, useful information for African audiences. The intensive media coverage and public awareness campaigns prevalent in much of the industrialised world have been largely absent in Africa, particularly outside major urban centres. Too often, African voices are absent fro ...
Monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation and
... adaptation. It is premised on a ‘twin-track’ framework a departmental level under the Ministry of Water and that evaluates the extent and quality of Climate Risk Environment, established a National Meteorological Management (CRM) processes and actions and the Authority from a department level, and i ...
... adaptation. It is premised on a ‘twin-track’ framework a departmental level under the Ministry of Water and that evaluates the extent and quality of Climate Risk Environment, established a National Meteorological Management (CRM) processes and actions and the Authority from a department level, and i ...
NAMA Mia! - Carbon Market Watch
... accounting for 21 in the region. This is followed by Africa (25%) and Asia (24%) which each account for quarter of NAMAs. ...
... accounting for 21 in the region. This is followed by Africa (25%) and Asia (24%) which each account for quarter of NAMAs. ...
PDF
... In dryland wheat production, rainfall is a key determinant of grain yield. Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher c ...
... In dryland wheat production, rainfall is a key determinant of grain yield. Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher c ...
Analysis of Statistical Power Reconciles Drought
... tween drought and civil war onset,” (p. 105). However, the results presented in THB have such large uncertainty that they are simultaneously consistent with both “no effect” of climate on conflict and effects that are as large as or larger than statistically significant results reported in earlier ...
... tween drought and civil war onset,” (p. 105). However, the results presented in THB have such large uncertainty that they are simultaneously consistent with both “no effect” of climate on conflict and effects that are as large as or larger than statistically significant results reported in earlier ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... Caribbean has risen from about 5-6 per year to more than 25 in some years of the twenty-first century. In Saint Lucia, the estimated damage from 12 windstorms (including hurricanes) affecting the island was US$1 billion or about 106% of 2009 GDP. Climate change is also likely to significantly affect ...
... Caribbean has risen from about 5-6 per year to more than 25 in some years of the twenty-first century. In Saint Lucia, the estimated damage from 12 windstorms (including hurricanes) affecting the island was US$1 billion or about 106% of 2009 GDP. Climate change is also likely to significantly affect ...
Word - UNEP
... In the area of urban transport, UN-Habitat has been working closely with UNEP to finalize a proposed project on promoting sustainable transport solutions for East African cities. This initiative aims to stem the growth in motorized individual travel, thus reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse-g ...
... In the area of urban transport, UN-Habitat has been working closely with UNEP to finalize a proposed project on promoting sustainable transport solutions for East African cities. This initiative aims to stem the growth in motorized individual travel, thus reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse-g ...
Climate change and the natural heritage
... climate change legislation, requiring action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, and through our Climate Change Delivery Plan, are focused on the transformational changes that will deliver this. We are developing a Climate Change Adaptation Framework that will help Scotland b ...
... climate change legislation, requiring action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, and through our Climate Change Delivery Plan, are focused on the transformational changes that will deliver this. We are developing a Climate Change Adaptation Framework that will help Scotland b ...
FutureMap - Committee for Melbourne
... The Committee, via its secretariat, will now take on the role of coordinating delivery of the outcomes imbedded in this FutureMap. What we are aiming for is a city that has adapted to climate change and positioned itself as a leader in mitigating the effects of climate change. We will measure outcom ...
... The Committee, via its secretariat, will now take on the role of coordinating delivery of the outcomes imbedded in this FutureMap. What we are aiming for is a city that has adapted to climate change and positioned itself as a leader in mitigating the effects of climate change. We will measure outcom ...
6 global policy recommendations for a more sustainable
... livelihoods in developing countries has been a privilege. I had the pleasure to join meetings and discussions during the past two Resilience Academies – the first one in Bangladesh in 2013 and the se ...
... livelihoods in developing countries has been a privilege. I had the pleasure to join meetings and discussions during the past two Resilience Academies – the first one in Bangladesh in 2013 and the se ...
NAPAs and NAPs in Least Developed Countries
... ranging from actions to assess and fill capacity gaps and needs for building climate resilience and mainstreaming adaptation, to outputs such as NAPs or a series of plans that contain adaptation priorities and strategies for implementation. The outputs of the NAP process may, depending on a country’ ...
... ranging from actions to assess and fill capacity gaps and needs for building climate resilience and mainstreaming adaptation, to outputs such as NAPs or a series of plans that contain adaptation priorities and strategies for implementation. The outputs of the NAP process may, depending on a country’ ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Ontario`s Forests
... the re-radiating solar energy in the atmosphere, and this may warm the earth measurably above current levels (Kräuchi 1994). According to Kräuchi (1994), the warming seen over the last century is almost certainly (i.e., with greater than 99% probability) the result of a real warming trend, and this ...
... the re-radiating solar energy in the atmosphere, and this may warm the earth measurably above current levels (Kräuchi 1994). According to Kräuchi (1994), the warming seen over the last century is almost certainly (i.e., with greater than 99% probability) the result of a real warming trend, and this ...
Overview of linkages between gender and climate change – Africa
... 5. Climate change may also accentuate existing inequalities (UNDP 2007) such as gender-based inequality (Aguilar, L. et al. 2009). Also see paragraph 8A). Due to their gender-based roles in society, men and women have different coping and adaptive capacities, which lend themselves to differing vuln ...
... 5. Climate change may also accentuate existing inequalities (UNDP 2007) such as gender-based inequality (Aguilar, L. et al. 2009). Also see paragraph 8A). Due to their gender-based roles in society, men and women have different coping and adaptive capacities, which lend themselves to differing vuln ...
![[LSE COPY]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008799154_1-8283355e41dc631201cd6854f3516621-300x300.png)
[LSE COPY]
... Though the externality argument is Pigouvian, this ‘cap and trade’ argument for carbon trading is not. The typical Pigouvian forms of intervention - public ownership or very direct regulation, taxation, and payments of bounties – are closely associated with command and control. But almost every work ...
... Though the externality argument is Pigouvian, this ‘cap and trade’ argument for carbon trading is not. The typical Pigouvian forms of intervention - public ownership or very direct regulation, taxation, and payments of bounties – are closely associated with command and control. But almost every work ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).