Public pressure versus lobbying – how do Environmental NGOs matter most in climate negotiations? - Working Paper 70 (472 kB) (opens in new window)
... State representatives struggle at United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations to agree on a post-2012 treaty to succeed the expiring first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. The highly complex negotiations face many challenges including incompatible political po ...
... State representatives struggle at United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations to agree on a post-2012 treaty to succeed the expiring first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. The highly complex negotiations face many challenges including incompatible political po ...
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. I
... for the SRESA2 and B2 emission scenarios (IPCC 2000) for the period 2081–2090. The purpose of these simulations is to analyze the regional climate change over southern South America and to create a dynamically consistent data base for impact studies. A robust evaluation of the uncertainties related ...
... for the SRESA2 and B2 emission scenarios (IPCC 2000) for the period 2081–2090. The purpose of these simulations is to analyze the regional climate change over southern South America and to create a dynamically consistent data base for impact studies. A robust evaluation of the uncertainties related ...
Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict in South Asia
... Ecological infrastructure involves using natural landscapes and ecosystems for the benefit of society. In the case of climate change, natural landscapes that mitigate the consequences of flooding, water salinization, and erosion may be both cost effective and more resilient than traditional infrastr ...
... Ecological infrastructure involves using natural landscapes and ecosystems for the benefit of society. In the case of climate change, natural landscapes that mitigate the consequences of flooding, water salinization, and erosion may be both cost effective and more resilient than traditional infrastr ...
Climate Volatility and Change in Central Asia: Economic Impacts
... climate; however, further Government support is needed for pro-active ex ante actions. A vital mechanism for achieving this purpose is through increasing farmers’ resilience and adaptive capacities to withstand current and future shocks, both expected and uncertain. The analysis shows that key polic ...
... climate; however, further Government support is needed for pro-active ex ante actions. A vital mechanism for achieving this purpose is through increasing farmers’ resilience and adaptive capacities to withstand current and future shocks, both expected and uncertain. The analysis shows that key polic ...
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... the marginal adaptation costs. Complementarity may arise also because of catastrophic events when mitigation, as a mean to reducing the risk of the catastrophe, also helps adaptation to occur. Linear programming is also chosen by Lecoq and Shalizi (2007), to study the relation between mitigation, an ...
... the marginal adaptation costs. Complementarity may arise also because of catastrophic events when mitigation, as a mean to reducing the risk of the catastrophe, also helps adaptation to occur. Linear programming is also chosen by Lecoq and Shalizi (2007), to study the relation between mitigation, an ...
Climate change: impacts and adaptation for agriculture in Western
... estimate how climate may change in the future. The results of this modelling produce suites of climate projections for each emission scenario. Projections are usually presented as an average and a range of values for the short term (2020–30), medium term (2040–60) and long term (2070–2100), compared ...
... estimate how climate may change in the future. The results of this modelling produce suites of climate projections for each emission scenario. Projections are usually presented as an average and a range of values for the short term (2020–30), medium term (2040–60) and long term (2070–2100), compared ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios
... higher than the 0.7–3.5°C of the SAR because of higher levels of radiative forcing in the SRES scenarios than in the IS92a-f scenarios, primarily because of lower sulfate aerosol emissions, especially after 2050. The equivalent range of estimates of global sea-level rise (for this range of global te ...
... higher than the 0.7–3.5°C of the SAR because of higher levels of radiative forcing in the SRES scenarios than in the IS92a-f scenarios, primarily because of lower sulfate aerosol emissions, especially after 2050. The equivalent range of estimates of global sea-level rise (for this range of global te ...
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... for the European Union to invest more in enhancing the climate change information available to the public and improving access to it through measures such as climate change education campaigns. In recent years the amount of information on climate change issues available to public has increased consi ...
... for the European Union to invest more in enhancing the climate change information available to the public and improving access to it through measures such as climate change education campaigns. In recent years the amount of information on climate change issues available to public has increased consi ...
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... provided our sampling frame. This organizational setting is quite common in the country, since membership to a cooperative allows them to share the costs of coffee milling, and gain better access to commercialization chains. Still, individual farmers are completely free to make decisions on their la ...
... provided our sampling frame. This organizational setting is quite common in the country, since membership to a cooperative allows them to share the costs of coffee milling, and gain better access to commercialization chains. Still, individual farmers are completely free to make decisions on their la ...
A regional climate change decision framework for natural resource
... applied participatory Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modelling; participatory action learning; and a formal environmental risk analysis. The relative merits of the different approaches are discussed in relation to their involvement by local stakeholders and their likely impact to support effec ...
... applied participatory Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modelling; participatory action learning; and a formal environmental risk analysis. The relative merits of the different approaches are discussed in relation to their involvement by local stakeholders and their likely impact to support effec ...
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... have adapted to local climatic conditions, and farmers have developed strategies for responding to local weather variability. Corn farmers in the Corn Belt push back planting dates in response to a wet spring, for example, and may switch to soybean production if persistent wet weather delays corn pl ...
... have adapted to local climatic conditions, and farmers have developed strategies for responding to local weather variability. Corn farmers in the Corn Belt push back planting dates in response to a wet spring, for example, and may switch to soybean production if persistent wet weather delays corn pl ...
Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK, Department of Health
... and the contributory role of temperature per se have not yet been fully quantified. Nevertheless, assuming that temperature plays an important role in mortality, we estimate that by the year 2050 excess cold weather deaths will have declined significantly, perhaps by 20 000 per year.This estimation ...
... and the contributory role of temperature per se have not yet been fully quantified. Nevertheless, assuming that temperature plays an important role in mortality, we estimate that by the year 2050 excess cold weather deaths will have declined significantly, perhaps by 20 000 per year.This estimation ...
PERSPECTIVE: Potential responses to climate change in organisms
... are intimately linked to climate. We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss the potential evolutionary consequences of these changes, with particular reference to Columbia River Basin spring/summer Chinook (Oncorhynch ...
... are intimately linked to climate. We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss the potential evolutionary consequences of these changes, with particular reference to Columbia River Basin spring/summer Chinook (Oncorhynch ...
Food security and adaptation in the context of potential CSA
... Conclusions- yield effects • Climatic shock variables significantly change the impacts of practices • Rainfall variability drives yield effects: In high variability areas… • Crop rotation has positive effects • Inorganic fertilizer & hybrids not effective ...
... Conclusions- yield effects • Climatic shock variables significantly change the impacts of practices • Rainfall variability drives yield effects: In high variability areas… • Crop rotation has positive effects • Inorganic fertilizer & hybrids not effective ...
united nations framework convention on climate change
... The Parties to this Convention, Acknowledging that change in the Earth's climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind, Concerned that human activities have been substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, that these increases enhance the natural ...
... The Parties to this Convention, Acknowledging that change in the Earth's climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind, Concerned that human activities have been substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, that these increases enhance the natural ...
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... A few authors have made observations on rainfall in the Central Region. An analysis of interannual as well as intra-annual rainfall trends of the Central Region from 1964-1993 suggests that there is a decrease in MAP, with the highest decrease being shown during IM1 (Herath and Ratnayake 2004). Shan ...
... A few authors have made observations on rainfall in the Central Region. An analysis of interannual as well as intra-annual rainfall trends of the Central Region from 1964-1993 suggests that there is a decrease in MAP, with the highest decrease being shown during IM1 (Herath and Ratnayake 2004). Shan ...
GLACIERS MELTING IN CENTRAL ASIA:
... The two-day seminar in Dushanbe in November 2014 “Glaciers melting in Central Asia: Time for action” commenced with in-depth introductory and guiding statements by the event organizers. It was followed by statements of delegations from Central Asia including Afghanistan. A scientific overview of the ...
... The two-day seminar in Dushanbe in November 2014 “Glaciers melting in Central Asia: Time for action” commenced with in-depth introductory and guiding statements by the event organizers. It was followed by statements of delegations from Central Asia including Afghanistan. A scientific overview of the ...
Changed reproductive schedule of eastern Pacific
... marine environment, and particularly on marine animals, has received growing attention in recent years, particularly in terms of climatic effects on the distribution and abundance of marine animals. While there remains uncertainty of the consequences of the current trends in climate change (for revi ...
... marine environment, and particularly on marine animals, has received growing attention in recent years, particularly in terms of climatic effects on the distribution and abundance of marine animals. While there remains uncertainty of the consequences of the current trends in climate change (for revi ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Call for Action
... This summary report of the workshop brings together knowledge on CSA and puts it at the forefront; and vigorously explores how to implement such technical knowledge on the ground. It also captures the roles that international and regional agencies can undertake to further strengthen agricultural pro ...
... This summary report of the workshop brings together knowledge on CSA and puts it at the forefront; and vigorously explores how to implement such technical knowledge on the ground. It also captures the roles that international and regional agencies can undertake to further strengthen agricultural pro ...
3. Ranking Criteria and Examples
... The authors suggest that there is a tension underlying this case study between the vulnerability of older individuals/householders and a need to be seen as independent, which impact on his/her perception of heat risk. Whilst there is evidence that those aged 75 or above are greater risk from heat, t ...
... The authors suggest that there is a tension underlying this case study between the vulnerability of older individuals/householders and a need to be seen as independent, which impact on his/her perception of heat risk. Whilst there is evidence that those aged 75 or above are greater risk from heat, t ...
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... Adaptation refers to actions that make adjustments in natural or human systems in order to moderate potential damages from climate change or exploit beneficial opportunities. Burton (2004) argues adaptation is extremely common and as old as mankind but that it is largely to a stationary spatially or ...
... Adaptation refers to actions that make adjustments in natural or human systems in order to moderate potential damages from climate change or exploit beneficial opportunities. Burton (2004) argues adaptation is extremely common and as old as mankind but that it is largely to a stationary spatially or ...
Linking the scales of process, observation and modeling of dust
... from individual grain-to-grain collisions that take place in fractions of a second, to global transport of dust over glacial-interglacial cycles (Figure 1a). The methods used to study dust-cycle processes must then account for this range of scales (Figure 1b). Traditionally, studies have explored du ...
... from individual grain-to-grain collisions that take place in fractions of a second, to global transport of dust over glacial-interglacial cycles (Figure 1a). The methods used to study dust-cycle processes must then account for this range of scales (Figure 1b). Traditionally, studies have explored du ...
Convention on Climate Change - Environmental Mainstreaming
... The Parties to this Convention, Acknowledging that change in the Earth’s climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind, Concerned that human activities have been substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, that these increases enhance the natural ...
... The Parties to this Convention, Acknowledging that change in the Earth’s climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind, Concerned that human activities have been substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, that these increases enhance the natural ...
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... CDP. Our climate change, forests, supply chain and water programs draw on our unique global system, to drive transparency and accountability for business impacts across the earth’s natural capital. www.cdp.net ...
... CDP. Our climate change, forests, supply chain and water programs draw on our unique global system, to drive transparency and accountability for business impacts across the earth’s natural capital. www.cdp.net ...
James Croll in Context: The Encounter between Climate Dynamics
... which he read and wrote at home for about an hour. Although later in life he was afflicted with head pains that became unbearable with mental exertion, still he produced numerous papers on climate change, glacier motion, geological time, ocean currents, and astrophysics. In 1875 Croll published his ...
... which he read and wrote at home for about an hour. Although later in life he was afflicted with head pains that became unbearable with mental exertion, still he produced numerous papers on climate change, glacier motion, geological time, ocean currents, and astrophysics. In 1875 Croll published his ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.