borehole
... reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records ...
... reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records ...
plattnerMSUslides
... Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850. In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983–2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years (medium confidence). ...
... Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850. In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983–2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years (medium confidence). ...
GLOBAL WARMING - Galileo Movement
... ‘consensus’. Secondly, the controversy with human caused global warming relates to the alarming, catastrophic, or ‘planet threatening’ changes being predicted by some scientists. Exactly why Doran an Zimmerman refused to pose a more relevant question, such as follows, has not been explained: Is huma ...
... ‘consensus’. Secondly, the controversy with human caused global warming relates to the alarming, catastrophic, or ‘planet threatening’ changes being predicted by some scientists. Exactly why Doran an Zimmerman refused to pose a more relevant question, such as follows, has not been explained: Is huma ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change
... report clearly attributes this phenomenon to human-made causes by asserting that “the largest contribution is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2”. They project a temperature change by 2100 of between 1.5°C (2.7F) and 4.8°C (8.6F). If indeed the effects of climate change a ...
... report clearly attributes this phenomenon to human-made causes by asserting that “the largest contribution is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2”. They project a temperature change by 2100 of between 1.5°C (2.7F) and 4.8°C (8.6F). If indeed the effects of climate change a ...
Good Practices from Covenant of Mayors signatories This brochure
... better quality of life. Sustainable and more resilient urban transport systems mean not only less pollution, but more resilience in the face of increasing climate risks to critical infrastructure. Renaturing urban spaces contributes to climate change mitigation because green areas serve as ‘carbon s ...
... better quality of life. Sustainable and more resilient urban transport systems mean not only less pollution, but more resilience in the face of increasing climate risks to critical infrastructure. Renaturing urban spaces contributes to climate change mitigation because green areas serve as ‘carbon s ...
Climate Change Regulation and PRediCtion maRkets
... of various climate outcomes, it is essential that the outcomes be universally understood. I chose the six indices listed above (Arctic sea ice loss could also be added) because they are susceptible to measurement. Scholars have differing opinions about the reliability of this information, but those ...
... of various climate outcomes, it is essential that the outcomes be universally understood. I chose the six indices listed above (Arctic sea ice loss could also be added) because they are susceptible to measurement. Scholars have differing opinions about the reliability of this information, but those ...
The Philippine Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative for Agricultur
... Asia” the benefits from avoided damage in agriculture and the coastal zones of Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines could reach 1.9% of GDP by 2100, as compared to the adaptation cost of 0.2% of GDP. Without dramatic mitigation and adaptation of GHG emissions, the impacts and costs caus ...
... Asia” the benefits from avoided damage in agriculture and the coastal zones of Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines could reach 1.9% of GDP by 2100, as compared to the adaptation cost of 0.2% of GDP. Without dramatic mitigation and adaptation of GHG emissions, the impacts and costs caus ...
Climate change and Sea-level rise
... enhanced the heat-trapping capability of Earth‟s atmosphere and caused important changes to air temperature.11 Other research indicates that snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean has decreased.12 Globally, sea level has risen four to eight inches over the past c ...
... enhanced the heat-trapping capability of Earth‟s atmosphere and caused important changes to air temperature.11 Other research indicates that snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean has decreased.12 Globally, sea level has risen four to eight inches over the past c ...
Session 2: who is responsible?
... Through exploring non-renewable energy sources, I can describe how they are used in Scotland today and express an informed view on the implications for their future use. SCN 2-04b Social Studies I can discuss the environmental impact of human activity and suggest ways in which we can live in a more ...
... Through exploring non-renewable energy sources, I can describe how they are used in Scotland today and express an informed view on the implications for their future use. SCN 2-04b Social Studies I can discuss the environmental impact of human activity and suggest ways in which we can live in a more ...
Warming - Amazon Web Services
... Cores drilled in tropical glaciers show signs of recent melting that is unprecedented at least throughout the Holocene-the past 10,000 years. Another powerful sign of warming, visible clearly from satellites, is the shrinking Arctic sea ice cover (figure 3-5), which has declined 20 percent since sat ...
... Cores drilled in tropical glaciers show signs of recent melting that is unprecedented at least throughout the Holocene-the past 10,000 years. Another powerful sign of warming, visible clearly from satellites, is the shrinking Arctic sea ice cover (figure 3-5), which has declined 20 percent since sat ...
SEA SC meeting highlights/challenges
... • Activities outputs outcomes/challenges impacts • RBM indicators and targets – new in 2013 4. Programme management has built confidence and enabled continued and increased investments from our financial partners 5. Thematic programmes are helping to “market” GWP’s strengths, increasing fund ...
... • Activities outputs outcomes/challenges impacts • RBM indicators and targets – new in 2013 4. Programme management has built confidence and enabled continued and increased investments from our financial partners 5. Thematic programmes are helping to “market” GWP’s strengths, increasing fund ...
Team Earth Cycle B Ice Sheets B>E>H>A As air temperatures warm
... Foundation, the polar icecaps reflect considerable solar radiation: up to 90% depending on ice conditions, compared with much lower average albedos for other parts of the Earth's surface. This keeps the temperature at the poles lower than it would be without the ice cover. Reports note that Antarcti ...
... Foundation, the polar icecaps reflect considerable solar radiation: up to 90% depending on ice conditions, compared with much lower average albedos for other parts of the Earth's surface. This keeps the temperature at the poles lower than it would be without the ice cover. Reports note that Antarcti ...
Sposito et al. 2012. Austr Decision
... 2007). It is generally implied that more accurate (i.e. reduced uncertainty) and more precise (i.e. higher resolution at regional and local levels) climate change projections will assist in solving the challenge of adaptation by providing a more faithful description of the future (e.g. MOHC. 2007, W ...
... 2007). It is generally implied that more accurate (i.e. reduced uncertainty) and more precise (i.e. higher resolution at regional and local levels) climate change projections will assist in solving the challenge of adaptation by providing a more faithful description of the future (e.g. MOHC. 2007, W ...
2008 4 7 Kristen Miller Report
... that Scotland should seek to lead the way in the United Kingdom on emissions targets and investment in renewable energy technologies. Progress on both will enable us to be even more ambitious in the years to come. Indeed, COSLA has long argued for an integrated Scottish Energy strategy and encourage ...
... that Scotland should seek to lead the way in the United Kingdom on emissions targets and investment in renewable energy technologies. Progress on both will enable us to be even more ambitious in the years to come. Indeed, COSLA has long argued for an integrated Scottish Energy strategy and encourage ...
- carbonn Climate Registry
... the harmful and negative impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities and ecosystems. It is becoming essential for the NMBM to establish a strategy that (a) aim to reduce the man-made causes of climate change, and (b) to identify sectors, communities and ecosystems most vulnerable to the impa ...
... the harmful and negative impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities and ecosystems. It is becoming essential for the NMBM to establish a strategy that (a) aim to reduce the man-made causes of climate change, and (b) to identify sectors, communities and ecosystems most vulnerable to the impa ...
Climate Change Effects on Avian Migration
... club started publishing a magazine which concentrated on local bird fauna, including first arrival dates of spring migrants (Lehikoinen et al. 2003). The number of members of the club has been in steady rise ever since. Furthermore, several bird observatories were founded, including Jurmo bird obser ...
... club started publishing a magazine which concentrated on local bird fauna, including first arrival dates of spring migrants (Lehikoinen et al. 2003). The number of members of the club has been in steady rise ever since. Furthermore, several bird observatories were founded, including Jurmo bird obser ...
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol: Implications for the Future Cédric Philibert
... especially as climate change is a long-term issue. Though usually defined as the capacity to reach a given objective at the lowest possible cost, cost-effectiveness can also offer the greater environmental benefits for a given cost—the cost that our societies are willing to pay to mitigate climate c ...
... especially as climate change is a long-term issue. Though usually defined as the capacity to reach a given objective at the lowest possible cost, cost-effectiveness can also offer the greater environmental benefits for a given cost—the cost that our societies are willing to pay to mitigate climate c ...
1 - MEDiterranean PROspects
... per capita, water withdrawal per capita, CO2 emissions, electric power consumption, and any other variable that will reflect the social and economic conditions of the MedPro countries in relation to the environmental . The results of this country-based analysis can be used as inputs for the WP4a mod ...
... per capita, water withdrawal per capita, CO2 emissions, electric power consumption, and any other variable that will reflect the social and economic conditions of the MedPro countries in relation to the environmental . The results of this country-based analysis can be used as inputs for the WP4a mod ...
CONTOH
... In 2004, a massive tsunami devastated 800 kilometers of coastline in the Indonesian province of Aceh. More than 170,000 people went missing or dead and more than hundreds of thousands of homes, buildings, roads and bridges were destroyed. Another great earthquake hit the islands of Nias on March 200 ...
... In 2004, a massive tsunami devastated 800 kilometers of coastline in the Indonesian province of Aceh. More than 170,000 people went missing or dead and more than hundreds of thousands of homes, buildings, roads and bridges were destroyed. Another great earthquake hit the islands of Nias on March 200 ...
Mitigation Strategies— Potentials and Problems
... issues relating to global climate change and make recommendations regarding what steps must be taken and what strategies must be adopted in response to global climate change ...” (2008) Focus on actions to reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions and other human drivers of climate change (such as ch ...
... issues relating to global climate change and make recommendations regarding what steps must be taken and what strategies must be adopted in response to global climate change ...” (2008) Focus on actions to reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions and other human drivers of climate change (such as ch ...
Senate Environmental Quality Committee
... Fuel Standard, Building Code Title 24, and the Renewable Portfolio Standard. These efforts focus on cities, counties, industries, and technologies. But the scientific community has become increasingly alarmed that we will not be able to avoid the early impacts of climate change, and that while we co ...
... Fuel Standard, Building Code Title 24, and the Renewable Portfolio Standard. These efforts focus on cities, counties, industries, and technologies. But the scientific community has become increasingly alarmed that we will not be able to avoid the early impacts of climate change, and that while we co ...
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries
... economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climaterelated changes. Non-spatial stock assessment ...
... economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climaterelated changes. Non-spatial stock assessment ...
Request for Expression of Interest Firm - World Bank E
... The GEF Climate Change (CC) focal area is one of the six focal areas supported by the GEF Trust Fund as well as the Least Developed Countries Trust Fund (LDCF) and the Special Climate Change Trust Fund (SCCF) administered by the GEF, all serving as financial mechanisms of the UN Framework Convention ...
... The GEF Climate Change (CC) focal area is one of the six focal areas supported by the GEF Trust Fund as well as the Least Developed Countries Trust Fund (LDCF) and the Special Climate Change Trust Fund (SCCF) administered by the GEF, all serving as financial mechanisms of the UN Framework Convention ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.