Current impacts and vulnerability
... In coastal systems, vulnerability is a function of the natural characteristics of the environment (physical, chemical, biological), as well as the socio-economic characteristics that interact and modify the natural dynamics. The vulnerability of each element depends on the degree of exposure, sensit ...
... In coastal systems, vulnerability is a function of the natural characteristics of the environment (physical, chemical, biological), as well as the socio-economic characteristics that interact and modify the natural dynamics. The vulnerability of each element depends on the degree of exposure, sensit ...
Climate change and livestock production in Ethiopia
... the patterns of rainfall and ranges of temperature affect feed availability, grazing ranges, feed quality, weed, pest and disease incidence (Coffey, 2008). Thus, changes in climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and the frequency and severity of extreme events like droughts directly aff ...
... the patterns of rainfall and ranges of temperature affect feed availability, grazing ranges, feed quality, weed, pest and disease incidence (Coffey, 2008). Thus, changes in climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and the frequency and severity of extreme events like droughts directly aff ...
Can Climate Change Be Good for Greenland? An Arctic Island`s
... ice contributes to about twentyeight percent of current global sea-level rise.2 News coverage of Greenland centers upon the current melting rate of its ice sheets and scientists’ predictions of how much global sea level would rise if all of the ice sheets were to melt. However, little is written abo ...
... ice contributes to about twentyeight percent of current global sea-level rise.2 News coverage of Greenland centers upon the current melting rate of its ice sheets and scientists’ predictions of how much global sea level would rise if all of the ice sheets were to melt. However, little is written abo ...
The Economic Effects of Climate Change
... house gas emission reduction—for instance, Nordhaus (1993) argues that the optimal rate of emission reduction is 10 –15 percent (relative to the scenario without climate policy) over the course of the twenty-first century. For comparison, the European Union calls for 20 –30 percent emission reductio ...
... house gas emission reduction—for instance, Nordhaus (1993) argues that the optimal rate of emission reduction is 10 –15 percent (relative to the scenario without climate policy) over the course of the twenty-first century. For comparison, the European Union calls for 20 –30 percent emission reductio ...
What caused the extreme weather of 2010
... • For the tropics as a whole, the frequency of extreme rainfall is expected to increase with warming temperatures. • Clausius-Clapeyron: the atmosphere has a greater capacity for water vapour at higher temperatures. • This does not mean that global warming will be every rainfall event stronger, or t ...
... • For the tropics as a whole, the frequency of extreme rainfall is expected to increase with warming temperatures. • Clausius-Clapeyron: the atmosphere has a greater capacity for water vapour at higher temperatures. • This does not mean that global warming will be every rainfall event stronger, or t ...
19. spain - European Commission
... the research activities carried out by universities and research institutes. Research to climate change scenarios is mainly performed by the State Agency of Meteorology (Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMet). The ECCE project11, carried out by the University of Castilla La Mancha between 2003 and ...
... the research activities carried out by universities and research institutes. Research to climate change scenarios is mainly performed by the State Agency of Meteorology (Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMet). The ECCE project11, carried out by the University of Castilla La Mancha between 2003 and ...
Tropical Belt WG
... needed to advance understanding. We recognize that the proposed working group is one of many groups with strong interest in past and future changes in the tropical atmospheric and oceanic general circulation, and that our efforts will be most effective inasmuch as they leverage interconnections ...
... needed to advance understanding. We recognize that the proposed working group is one of many groups with strong interest in past and future changes in the tropical atmospheric and oceanic general circulation, and that our efforts will be most effective inasmuch as they leverage interconnections ...
Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model
... the similarities and differences of the responses. In this paper, the annual mean response is presented with emphasis on global and zonal mean variables. The seasonal response with a more regional perspective will be presented elsewhere. The forcing agents include atmospheric CO2 concentration, tota ...
... the similarities and differences of the responses. In this paper, the annual mean response is presented with emphasis on global and zonal mean variables. The seasonal response with a more regional perspective will be presented elsewhere. The forcing agents include atmospheric CO2 concentration, tota ...
National Geographic - u.arizona.edu
... Rising sea level produces a cascade of effects. Bruce Douglas, a coastal researcher at Florida International University, calculates that every inch of sea-level rise could result in eight feet of horizontal retreat of sandy beach shorelines due to erosion. Furthermore, when salt water intrudes into ...
... Rising sea level produces a cascade of effects. Bruce Douglas, a coastal researcher at Florida International University, calculates that every inch of sea-level rise could result in eight feet of horizontal retreat of sandy beach shorelines due to erosion. Furthermore, when salt water intrudes into ...
here - Climate Realists
... 8. There are so many sources and sinks of CO2 that it is difficult to determine with any accuracy how much of the atmospheric CO2 concentration is due to anthropogenic GH emissions. 9. Many climatologists consider that GH gases are comprised of a) 95% water vapor, b) 4.7% ocean biologic, volcanos, p ...
... 8. There are so many sources and sinks of CO2 that it is difficult to determine with any accuracy how much of the atmospheric CO2 concentration is due to anthropogenic GH emissions. 9. Many climatologists consider that GH gases are comprised of a) 95% water vapor, b) 4.7% ocean biologic, volcanos, p ...
Conference Report Fossil Fuels and Ethical Investment
... Policy. It covered the following areas: ●● All companies should disclose and reduce their emissions. This applies to all industries, but is of particularly importance to those with a high level of carbon intensity. JACEI has supported CFB’s work as part of the Carbon Disclosure Project working to en ...
... Policy. It covered the following areas: ●● All companies should disclose and reduce their emissions. This applies to all industries, but is of particularly importance to those with a high level of carbon intensity. JACEI has supported CFB’s work as part of the Carbon Disclosure Project working to en ...
PDF
... Increased levels of GHG in the atmosphere are predicted to cause climate change. In 1992 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted, with the objective to achieve ‘stabilisation of GHG concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthro ...
... Increased levels of GHG in the atmosphere are predicted to cause climate change. In 1992 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted, with the objective to achieve ‘stabilisation of GHG concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthro ...
Major Impacts and Vulnerabilities for Asia
... responses; interactions occur both within and across regions. Prospects for climate-resilient pathways for sustainable development are related fundamentally to what the world accomplishes with climate-change mitigation. Greater rates and magnitude of climate change increase the likelihood of exceedi ...
... responses; interactions occur both within and across regions. Prospects for climate-resilient pathways for sustainable development are related fundamentally to what the world accomplishes with climate-change mitigation. Greater rates and magnitude of climate change increase the likelihood of exceedi ...
SEARCH Science Brief: Effects of the Arctic Meltdown on U.S.
... location each year. Computer models of the climate system struggle to realistically simulate very wavy jet features and complex Arctic processes, thus their utility for studying mechanisms of Arctic/mid-latitude linkages is imperfect. Much is left to unravel, but research is progressing quickly. ...
... location each year. Computer models of the climate system struggle to realistically simulate very wavy jet features and complex Arctic processes, thus their utility for studying mechanisms of Arctic/mid-latitude linkages is imperfect. Much is left to unravel, but research is progressing quickly. ...
Using the NatureServe Climate Change Vulnerability Index
... allow users to request this sort of data based on any user-defined horizon date. If using a time scale significantly different than 2060, the thresholds separating the different Index categories may need adjustment to adequately separate species into different vulnerability categories. Geographical ...
... allow users to request this sort of data based on any user-defined horizon date. If using a time scale significantly different than 2060, the thresholds separating the different Index categories may need adjustment to adequately separate species into different vulnerability categories. Geographical ...
Poznan Climate Change Conference
... responsibilities, precautionary principle, polluter pays, and equity (intra and inter-generational, access to ecological space). The vision is not limited to mitigation. The vision is linked to the global goal (the ultimate objective of the Convention), which is linked to objectives and targets for ...
... responsibilities, precautionary principle, polluter pays, and equity (intra and inter-generational, access to ecological space). The vision is not limited to mitigation. The vision is linked to the global goal (the ultimate objective of the Convention), which is linked to objectives and targets for ...
Krakatoa lives: The effect of volcanic eruptions on ocean heat
... separation between the models that included volcanic forcing (V, solid lines) and those that did not (non-V, dashed lines). Volcanic aerosols scatter and absorb sunlight, reducing the total net air-sea heat flux, resulting in a cold sea surface temperature anomaly that is gradually subducted into de ...
... separation between the models that included volcanic forcing (V, solid lines) and those that did not (non-V, dashed lines). Volcanic aerosols scatter and absorb sunlight, reducing the total net air-sea heat flux, resulting in a cold sea surface temperature anomaly that is gradually subducted into de ...
Forest Service Chief`s Climate Change and Wilderness Briefing
... mitigation effectiveness, it is unclear how wilderness compares with other appropriately managed national forest lands. It seems unlikely that mitigation effectiveness would vary substantially with differences in how wilderness is managed, as long as management is consistent with The Wilderness Act. ...
... mitigation effectiveness, it is unclear how wilderness compares with other appropriately managed national forest lands. It seems unlikely that mitigation effectiveness would vary substantially with differences in how wilderness is managed, as long as management is consistent with The Wilderness Act. ...
Efficiently Constraining Climate Sensitivity with Ensembles
... project produced a gridded SST data set which indicated an average cooling of 0.8°C in the tropics, a value which is now widely regarded as too small. The alkenone data set of Harrison (2000) has been widely used in recent years for comparison with models (Houghton et al. 2001), and so we focus prim ...
... project produced a gridded SST data set which indicated an average cooling of 0.8°C in the tropics, a value which is now widely regarded as too small. The alkenone data set of Harrison (2000) has been widely used in recent years for comparison with models (Houghton et al. 2001), and so we focus prim ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... The Republic of Angola with a size of 1.25m sq km (481,354 sq miles) is located in SW Africa and extremely vulnerable to climate change impacts such as drought and floods particularly in the southern regions. Projections of mean annual rainfall averaged over the country from different models indicat ...
... The Republic of Angola with a size of 1.25m sq km (481,354 sq miles) is located in SW Africa and extremely vulnerable to climate change impacts such as drought and floods particularly in the southern regions. Projections of mean annual rainfall averaged over the country from different models indicat ...
A What Is the Right Price for Carbon Emissions?
... economy—then insurance prices depend only on average damages. The cost of insuring a diversifiable risk is a simple calculation of the discounted value of expected (average) future damages. Pricing fire insurance appropriately is a good example. Empirical evidence on the distribution of damages caus ...
... economy—then insurance prices depend only on average damages. The cost of insuring a diversifiable risk is a simple calculation of the discounted value of expected (average) future damages. Pricing fire insurance appropriately is a good example. Empirical evidence on the distribution of damages caus ...
Responding to Climate Change: The Three Spheres of
... of transformation can be perceived as instrumental by some and threatening by others, leading to tradeoffs or conflicts that can result in real or perceived winners and losers at different scales. For example, a transformation of energy systems that involves the development of biofuels has been crit ...
... of transformation can be perceived as instrumental by some and threatening by others, leading to tradeoffs or conflicts that can result in real or perceived winners and losers at different scales. For example, a transformation of energy systems that involves the development of biofuels has been crit ...
I. SUMMARY OF THE PETITION - Inuit Circumpolar Council
... on coastal areas, has resulted in increasingly violent storms hitting the coastline, exacerbating erosion and flooding. Erosion in turn exposes coastal permafrost to warmer air and water, resulting in faster permafrost melts. These transformations have had a devastating impact on some coastal commun ...
... on coastal areas, has resulted in increasingly violent storms hitting the coastline, exacerbating erosion and flooding. Erosion in turn exposes coastal permafrost to warmer air and water, resulting in faster permafrost melts. These transformations have had a devastating impact on some coastal commun ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.