How Environmental And Climate Risks Factor Into Global Corporate
... management of environmental and social risks were factors in our revised assessment of VW's management and governance, which was the reason for the downgrade. Furthermore, because the full impact of these developments has yet to unfold, and the resulting reputational damage to the company could weak ...
... management of environmental and social risks were factors in our revised assessment of VW's management and governance, which was the reason for the downgrade. Furthermore, because the full impact of these developments has yet to unfold, and the resulting reputational damage to the company could weak ...
Climate warming impact on degree
... were chosen to represent our four case study sites. From the initial sets of 23 (GP) and 18 (DS) scenarios, annual HDD and CDD were determined, and then those marking the upper and lower limits for projections in the second half of the 21st century were identified. 2.5. Computation of past and future ...
... were chosen to represent our four case study sites. From the initial sets of 23 (GP) and 18 (DS) scenarios, annual HDD and CDD were determined, and then those marking the upper and lower limits for projections in the second half of the 21st century were identified. 2.5. Computation of past and future ...
CDM
... • Specific targets varied from country to country, ranging from -8% for the EU collectively to +10% for Iceland. The Kyoto Protocol came into force in February, 2005. 141 countries signed the protocol initially now it is ...
... • Specific targets varied from country to country, ranging from -8% for the EU collectively to +10% for Iceland. The Kyoto Protocol came into force in February, 2005. 141 countries signed the protocol initially now it is ...
Flood - MPR Bilateral screening
... Waters (Official Gazette of Montenegro 27/07) that regulates issues related to flooding areas as follows: • Flooding areas means water and other areas to which the water from out of flooding areas is occasionally overflowed due to special conditions; • Flooding areas for waters of importance for Mon ...
... Waters (Official Gazette of Montenegro 27/07) that regulates issues related to flooding areas as follows: • Flooding areas means water and other areas to which the water from out of flooding areas is occasionally overflowed due to special conditions; • Flooding areas for waters of importance for Mon ...
Records of post–Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
... where we have exchanged the ocean’s V/A for D, the ocean’s average depth (here we use 4000 m). A range of possible initial temperatures and the time required to reach specified final temperatures is shown in Figure 2. This is a crude estimate, involving many assumptions, the most important one being ...
... where we have exchanged the ocean’s V/A for D, the ocean’s average depth (here we use 4000 m). A range of possible initial temperatures and the time required to reach specified final temperatures is shown in Figure 2. This is a crude estimate, involving many assumptions, the most important one being ...
Controls of Global-Mean Precipitation Increases in
... formation available online at http://www.ipcc.ch). The experiments analyzed are those of a 1% increase in carbon dioxide per year to doubling. As has been known for some time (e.g., Stephens et al. 1994; Mitchell et al. 1987; Allen and Ingram 2002; and others), global precipitation is constrained by ...
... formation available online at http://www.ipcc.ch). The experiments analyzed are those of a 1% increase in carbon dioxide per year to doubling. As has been known for some time (e.g., Stephens et al. 1994; Mitchell et al. 1987; Allen and Ingram 2002; and others), global precipitation is constrained by ...
Revisiting the Earth`s sea‐level and energy budgets from 1961
... 2008. (a) The top line indicates the integrated radiative forcing from well‐mixed greenhouse gases, ozone and solar changes. This radiative forcing is offset by the cooling due to stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions (cyan), the warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean (blue), the deep ocea ...
... 2008. (a) The top line indicates the integrated radiative forcing from well‐mixed greenhouse gases, ozone and solar changes. This radiative forcing is offset by the cooling due to stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions (cyan), the warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean (blue), the deep ocea ...
Why Physical Geography matters - School of Geography and the
... Imagery & specialist satellites have allowed patterns of particle movement in the atmosphere to be identified as never before. ...
... Imagery & specialist satellites have allowed patterns of particle movement in the atmosphere to be identified as never before. ...
litreview12forword_wm_review_9feb2012
... processes that occur at the scales smaller than the model spatial resolution and not directly resolved by climate models, and the mechanisms responsible for the inter-annual and longer timescales variations of the climae. The limitations of general circulation models (GCMs) are particularly striking ...
... processes that occur at the scales smaller than the model spatial resolution and not directly resolved by climate models, and the mechanisms responsible for the inter-annual and longer timescales variations of the climae. The limitations of general circulation models (GCMs) are particularly striking ...
Paris Agreement and Marrakech Climate Conference
... Moreover, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) – national climate action plans - of Parties which have joined or subsequently join the Agreement transform into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which can always be resubmitted as more ambitious plans at any point. A key ...
... Moreover, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) – national climate action plans - of Parties which have joined or subsequently join the Agreement transform into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which can always be resubmitted as more ambitious plans at any point. A key ...
VSO and Climate Change
... AIDS. Their vulnerability can stem from not having access to decision-making or to resources that others in society do, or because they are excluded in other ways. Vulnerability can also exist at the community level due to inadequate access to water, infertile agricultural soils, or poor infrastruct ...
... AIDS. Their vulnerability can stem from not having access to decision-making or to resources that others in society do, or because they are excluded in other ways. Vulnerability can also exist at the community level due to inadequate access to water, infertile agricultural soils, or poor infrastruct ...
Adapting social safety net programs to climate change shocks
... Among the climate-shocked SSN users in rural Bangladesh, a larger proportion of non-poor households (about 40-75 percent depending on division) have also been benefitted with SSNPs. If the SSN benefits are distributed exclusively to the poor households it would be possible to cover another 22 percen ...
... Among the climate-shocked SSN users in rural Bangladesh, a larger proportion of non-poor households (about 40-75 percent depending on division) have also been benefitted with SSNPs. If the SSN benefits are distributed exclusively to the poor households it would be possible to cover another 22 percen ...
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
... Some efforts have been made to monitor SST from satellite data alone. Lawrence et al. (2004) have compared SSTs from the Pathfinder dataset, which uses the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) with SSTs from the ATSR. The analysed data are not truly global because of problems in distingu ...
... Some efforts have been made to monitor SST from satellite data alone. Lawrence et al. (2004) have compared SSTs from the Pathfinder dataset, which uses the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) with SSTs from the ATSR. The analysed data are not truly global because of problems in distingu ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... attributable to designated LULUCF activities. First, each applicable activity's impact on carbon stocks is determined per unit area. This impact is multiplied by the area on which each activity occurs. ...
... attributable to designated LULUCF activities. First, each applicable activity's impact on carbon stocks is determined per unit area. This impact is multiplied by the area on which each activity occurs. ...
Against the Grain: The United States and the Global Climate
... problem. Total US emissions are higher than those of any other state in the world, more than the emissions of the second-, third- and fourth-highest emitters combined.4 United States emissions per person are also among the highest in the world, more than double those of, for example, Japan and the R ...
... problem. Total US emissions are higher than those of any other state in the world, more than the emissions of the second-, third- and fourth-highest emitters combined.4 United States emissions per person are also among the highest in the world, more than double those of, for example, Japan and the R ...
Robust spatially aggregated projections of climate
... agree on what fraction of the land experiences changes larger than a given threshold. Also the CMIP5 models (red range) show reasonably consistent changes in the spatial PDFs of temperature extremes (Fig. 3). The differences between CMIP5 models largely arise from their different transient global te ...
... agree on what fraction of the land experiences changes larger than a given threshold. Also the CMIP5 models (red range) show reasonably consistent changes in the spatial PDFs of temperature extremes (Fig. 3). The differences between CMIP5 models largely arise from their different transient global te ...
Financing an efficient adaptation programme to climate change: A
... and explained some climate change adaptation programmes such as adopting new technology, changing planting dates, improvement of irrigation system, using different crop varieties, planting trees, soil conservation, and water harvesting, etc. to the farmers. We also discussed the benefits of adaptatio ...
... and explained some climate change adaptation programmes such as adopting new technology, changing planting dates, improvement of irrigation system, using different crop varieties, planting trees, soil conservation, and water harvesting, etc. to the farmers. We also discussed the benefits of adaptatio ...
Climate Change - EPA
... has experienced an average warming of about 0.9°C. It is now more than 90% certain that observed increases in global temperature are caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The projected effects of this warming include changing rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and increased evaporation. These effect ...
... has experienced an average warming of about 0.9°C. It is now more than 90% certain that observed increases in global temperature are caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The projected effects of this warming include changing rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and increased evaporation. These effect ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... on uncertainties. They find that the uncertainty arising from the global climate model is more important than downscaling uncertainty, which in turn is more important than the uncertainty from hydrological modeling. Quintana Seguı́ et al. (2011) study the change in flood extremes and assess the unce ...
... on uncertainties. They find that the uncertainty arising from the global climate model is more important than downscaling uncertainty, which in turn is more important than the uncertainty from hydrological modeling. Quintana Seguı́ et al. (2011) study the change in flood extremes and assess the unce ...
Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in
... Stratospheric water vapor increases act to cool the stratosphere but to warm the troposphere, while the reverse is true for stratospheric water vapor decreases. Previous studies have suggested that stratospheric water vapor changes might contribute significantly to climate change (3–5), but there ha ...
... Stratospheric water vapor increases act to cool the stratosphere but to warm the troposphere, while the reverse is true for stratospheric water vapor decreases. Previous studies have suggested that stratospheric water vapor changes might contribute significantly to climate change (3–5), but there ha ...
Program on Global and Regional Climate Change
... Climate change is being recognized as a major threat to present day society because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem, agricultural productivity, water resources, socio-economy and sustainability in a global as well as regional basis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fou ...
... Climate change is being recognized as a major threat to present day society because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem, agricultural productivity, water resources, socio-economy and sustainability in a global as well as regional basis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fou ...
Seychelles
... needed to educate different stakeholder groups about climate change adaptation measures and to help them develop capacity to research, develop and implement these and other appropriate strategies. There is a need to accelerate efforts to integrate climate change education into the school curriculum ...
... needed to educate different stakeholder groups about climate change adaptation measures and to help them develop capacity to research, develop and implement these and other appropriate strategies. There is a need to accelerate efforts to integrate climate change education into the school curriculum ...
PDF
... asset such as a share in the future for an agreed exercise price. The investor can decide whether or not to buy the share itself at any time before (American call option) or on (European call option) the date specified in the option contract. If the market price of the share rises above the exercise ...
... asset such as a share in the future for an agreed exercise price. The investor can decide whether or not to buy the share itself at any time before (American call option) or on (European call option) the date specified in the option contract. If the market price of the share rises above the exercise ...
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106
... maximum organic carbon accumulation revealed a significant, 2-fold increase in daily organic carbon consumption with rising temperature (Fig. 3B; P ⫽ 0.025), ranging from 4.0 ⫾ 0.3 mol C䡠L⫺1䡠d⫺1 at in situ temperature to 8.1 ⫾ 0.2 mol C䡠L⫺1䡠d⫺1 at T⫹6. Most likely, this signal results both from en ...
... maximum organic carbon accumulation revealed a significant, 2-fold increase in daily organic carbon consumption with rising temperature (Fig. 3B; P ⫽ 0.025), ranging from 4.0 ⫾ 0.3 mol C䡠L⫺1䡠d⫺1 at in situ temperature to 8.1 ⫾ 0.2 mol C䡠L⫺1䡠d⫺1 at T⫹6. Most likely, this signal results both from en ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.