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... The AD-WITCH model links adaptation, mitigation, and climate change damage within an integrated assessment model of the world economy, where the energy and climate system are carefully described. AD-WITCH builds on the WITCH model (Bosetti et al. 2006, Bosetti et al. 2009). It is an intertemporal, o ...
... The AD-WITCH model links adaptation, mitigation, and climate change damage within an integrated assessment model of the world economy, where the energy and climate system are carefully described. AD-WITCH builds on the WITCH model (Bosetti et al. 2006, Bosetti et al. 2009). It is an intertemporal, o ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2015
... Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by UNEP or the authors. The use of information from this document for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement of tr ...
... Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by UNEP or the authors. The use of information from this document for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement of tr ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2015
... Adaptation: The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects. Additional ...
... Adaptation: The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects. Additional ...
Using Concept Maps for Assessing Adult Learners in Training
... The historical monthly streamflow, precipitation, and temperature of the tributary areas for the Rio Grande from Del Norte, Colorado, to Elephant Butte, New Mexico were collected to calibrate an HEC-HMS hydrologic model for the period of 1971-2000. With the projection for temperature and precipitati ...
... The historical monthly streamflow, precipitation, and temperature of the tributary areas for the Rio Grande from Del Norte, Colorado, to Elephant Butte, New Mexico were collected to calibrate an HEC-HMS hydrologic model for the period of 1971-2000. With the projection for temperature and precipitati ...
Adapting to Coastal Climate Change
... The challenges we all must face in adapting to climate variability and change present themselves with increasing urgency. Nowhere will these challenges be greater than in the developing world where often weak institutions and governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from populatio ...
... The challenges we all must face in adapting to climate variability and change present themselves with increasing urgency. Nowhere will these challenges be greater than in the developing world where often weak institutions and governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from populatio ...
Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century
... Aviation emissions contribute to the radiative forcing (RF) of climate. Of importance are emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), aerosols and their precursors (soot and sulphate), and increased cloudiness in the form of persistent linear contrails and induced-cirrus cloudiness. Th ...
... Aviation emissions contribute to the radiative forcing (RF) of climate. Of importance are emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), aerosols and their precursors (soot and sulphate), and increased cloudiness in the form of persistent linear contrails and induced-cirrus cloudiness. Th ...
Quantifying Mineral Dust Mass Budgets:Terminology
... identify and distinguish all useful categories of dust emissions,i.e.,“natural,” “anthropogenic,” and so forth.A more precise taxonomy will facilitate model intercomparison. Natural Dust. Natural dust is rather intuitive. It is mobilized by wind stress or other natural mechanisms (thermophoresis, el ...
... identify and distinguish all useful categories of dust emissions,i.e.,“natural,” “anthropogenic,” and so forth.A more precise taxonomy will facilitate model intercomparison. Natural Dust. Natural dust is rather intuitive. It is mobilized by wind stress or other natural mechanisms (thermophoresis, el ...
South-South Cooperation in Technologies for Adaptation for Water
... Water and agriculture are essential for poverty reduction, sustainable development and human well being. Over 800 million people worldwide live in extreme poverty (UN, 2015), most of which live in rural areas and depend partly or completely on agriculture for their livelihoods (FAO 2016). It is esti ...
... Water and agriculture are essential for poverty reduction, sustainable development and human well being. Over 800 million people worldwide live in extreme poverty (UN, 2015), most of which live in rural areas and depend partly or completely on agriculture for their livelihoods (FAO 2016). It is esti ...
Decision Making Framework and Tools
... For the risk assessment, a number of climate change scenarios based on IPCC SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) emissions scenarios were developed to provide a range of possible future tidal water levels to 2100. During piloting, it was recognised that UKCIP02 climate change scenarios prov ...
... For the risk assessment, a number of climate change scenarios based on IPCC SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) emissions scenarios were developed to provide a range of possible future tidal water levels to 2100. During piloting, it was recognised that UKCIP02 climate change scenarios prov ...
download: - IMPRESSIONS project
... The socio-economic scenarios will be based on the SSPs in all case studies, but the existence of other relevant scenarios in the different case study regions was also assessed. For the European and Scottish case studies, the CLIMSAVE scenarios were selected as being highly relevant. We then matched ...
... The socio-economic scenarios will be based on the SSPs in all case studies, but the existence of other relevant scenarios in the different case study regions was also assessed. For the European and Scottish case studies, the CLIMSAVE scenarios were selected as being highly relevant. We then matched ...
Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl
... 33 % (Thompson et al., 1992; Wang and Jacob, 1998; Mickley et al., 1999; Hauglustaine and Brasseur, 2001; Grenfell et al., 2001; Lelieveld et al., 2002; Shindell et al., 2003; Wong et al., 2004; Lamarque et al., 2005a; Shindell et al., 2006a; Skeie et al., 2010; Sofen et al., 2011; John et al., 2012 ...
... 33 % (Thompson et al., 1992; Wang and Jacob, 1998; Mickley et al., 1999; Hauglustaine and Brasseur, 2001; Grenfell et al., 2001; Lelieveld et al., 2002; Shindell et al., 2003; Wong et al., 2004; Lamarque et al., 2005a; Shindell et al., 2006a; Skeie et al., 2010; Sofen et al., 2011; John et al., 2012 ...
- Critical Information Collective
... consultation processes”. The GCF has not set any common benchmarks or minimum standards for the composition, mandate, or practices of NDAs, so each country can largely decide for itself what its NDA will do. This means that—though there are recommendations—there are no minimum requirements of NDAs f ...
... consultation processes”. The GCF has not set any common benchmarks or minimum standards for the composition, mandate, or practices of NDAs, so each country can largely decide for itself what its NDA will do. This means that—though there are recommendations—there are no minimum requirements of NDAs f ...
decision 3/CP.19
... the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Warning that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies, future generations and the planet, that continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and change ...
... the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Warning that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies, future generations and the planet, that continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and change ...
Climate Change and Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - state of knowledge, risks and opportunities
... This paper covers all aquatic genetic resources for aquaculture, culture-based fisheries and capture fisheries, including those for the production of aquatic plants (microalgae, macroalgae and freshwater macrophytes; for human food and for industrial purposes) and fish (finfish and aquatic invertebr ...
... This paper covers all aquatic genetic resources for aquaculture, culture-based fisheries and capture fisheries, including those for the production of aquatic plants (microalgae, macroalgae and freshwater macrophytes; for human food and for industrial purposes) and fish (finfish and aquatic invertebr ...
Victoria Policy Institute- Air Pollution Costs
... A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences calculated the climate changing impacts of 13 economic sectors taking into account their global warming and global cooling emissions.10 The analysis concluded that motor vehicles are the greatest contributor to atmospheric warm ...
... A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences calculated the climate changing impacts of 13 economic sectors taking into account their global warming and global cooling emissions.10 The analysis concluded that motor vehicles are the greatest contributor to atmospheric warm ...
driving sustainable development through better infrastructure
... in sustainable infrastructure, and making longer-term ...
... in sustainable infrastructure, and making longer-term ...
Intellectual Property Rights and International Technology
... to technology under well-defined conditions. Compulsory licensing will likely play some role in access to ESTs, as it does in other fields. But given existing and well-known institutional limitations in DCs and LDCs, there is little room to expect that CLs will be any more successful for ESTs than t ...
... to technology under well-defined conditions. Compulsory licensing will likely play some role in access to ESTs, as it does in other fields. But given existing and well-known institutional limitations in DCs and LDCs, there is little room to expect that CLs will be any more successful for ESTs than t ...
Bhattacharya et al. 2015 (opens in new window)
... in sustainable infrastructure, and making longer-term ...
... in sustainable infrastructure, and making longer-term ...
Climate phoenix - Grattan Institute
... measure. What counts are Australia’s total emissions over time: there would be little point in Australia’s emissions being 5 per cent below 2000 levels in the year 2020 if emissions had been significantly higher in previous years. As shown in Figure 1, the 2020 target is actually a declining traject ...
... measure. What counts are Australia’s total emissions over time: there would be little point in Australia’s emissions being 5 per cent below 2000 levels in the year 2020 if emissions had been significantly higher in previous years. As shown in Figure 1, the 2020 target is actually a declining traject ...
Getting to Zero - Forum for the Future
... appropriate boundary, the next key question surrounds the strategy that should be used to achieve neutrality. Many companies have embraced the concept of a hierarchy of carbon reduction options in developing their neutrality strategies. Forum for the Future’s own hierarchy prioritises the avoidance ...
... appropriate boundary, the next key question surrounds the strategy that should be used to achieve neutrality. Many companies have embraced the concept of a hierarchy of carbon reduction options in developing their neutrality strategies. Forum for the Future’s own hierarchy prioritises the avoidance ...
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining
... Some types of weather are more likely to directly impact annual survival through its effects on the availability of food resources. For example, rain followed by freezing temperatures may lead to cones becoming saturated and then freezing. Similarly, freezing rain may result in cones being covered b ...
... Some types of weather are more likely to directly impact annual survival through its effects on the availability of food resources. For example, rain followed by freezing temperatures may lead to cones becoming saturated and then freezing. Similarly, freezing rain may result in cones being covered b ...
Strategic Plan for 2014-2017
... has shifted. China’s real economy is nearly 20 times larger than in 1982, while its power consumption is up fourteen-fold. The sheer speed and scale of change has placed unprecedented pressure on the environment. Carbon dioxide emissions have nearly doubled, and every minute a forest area the size o ...
... has shifted. China’s real economy is nearly 20 times larger than in 1982, while its power consumption is up fourteen-fold. The sheer speed and scale of change has placed unprecedented pressure on the environment. Carbon dioxide emissions have nearly doubled, and every minute a forest area the size o ...
Dissertation from the Department of Geological Sciences No. Lipid
... and preservation of organic matter (Moore and Basiliko, 2006). In lakes and oceans the degradation of dead biomass proceds rapidly in the water column and continues in the surface layers of the sediments and just a small amount of the biological production of OM escapes remineralization and accumula ...
... and preservation of organic matter (Moore and Basiliko, 2006). In lakes and oceans the degradation of dead biomass proceds rapidly in the water column and continues in the surface layers of the sediments and just a small amount of the biological production of OM escapes remineralization and accumula ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.