pLAnnIng fOR cLIMATE chAngE
... help those facing the challenge of developing and implementing their climate change adaptation initiatives, this guide is organized around four key planning themes: ✗✗ Strategic: All planning – physical, spatial, land use, environmental, economic – is more effective if it is strategic. Whatever the ...
... help those facing the challenge of developing and implementing their climate change adaptation initiatives, this guide is organized around four key planning themes: ✗✗ Strategic: All planning – physical, spatial, land use, environmental, economic – is more effective if it is strategic. Whatever the ...
Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition
... observers believe that well-choreographed encounters, handpicked initiatives, or lofty plans signify that diverse and potentially antagonistic states are either willing or able to translate their combined economic prowess into collective geopolitical clout. In international negotiations, BRICS deleg ...
... observers believe that well-choreographed encounters, handpicked initiatives, or lofty plans signify that diverse and potentially antagonistic states are either willing or able to translate their combined economic prowess into collective geopolitical clout. In international negotiations, BRICS deleg ...
Climate Time Series Analysis
... climate scientists work, measurements and models. Climate time series analysis uses statistical methods to learn about the time evolution of climate. The most important word in this book is “estimation.” We wish to know the truth about the climate evolution but have only a limited amount of data (a ...
... climate scientists work, measurements and models. Climate time series analysis uses statistical methods to learn about the time evolution of climate. The most important word in this book is “estimation.” We wish to know the truth about the climate evolution but have only a limited amount of data (a ...
Frequently asked questions about ocean acidification
... ocean pH has fallen by about 0.1 pH unit from preindustrial This is a common point of confusion, because step-by-step times to today. Because pH is a equilibrium equations describing the carbonate system in measure of hydrogen ion seawater do not capture the dynamic chemical environment of concentra ...
... ocean pH has fallen by about 0.1 pH unit from preindustrial This is a common point of confusion, because step-by-step times to today. Because pH is a equilibrium equations describing the carbonate system in measure of hydrogen ion seawater do not capture the dynamic chemical environment of concentra ...
An Economic Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations
... method and data availability and the extent of coverage within sectors, these numbers are not directly comparable. For example, the high annual costs in public health are partly a function of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s estimate of the value of a statistical life (USEPA 2000; 2010.) T ...
... method and data availability and the extent of coverage within sectors, these numbers are not directly comparable. For example, the high annual costs in public health are partly a function of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s estimate of the value of a statistical life (USEPA 2000; 2010.) T ...
Frequently asked questions about ocean acidification Introduction
... ocean pH has fallen by about 0.1 pH unit from preindustrial This is a common point of confusion, because step-by-step times to today. Because pH is a equilibrium equations describing the carbonate system in measure of hydrogen ion seawater do not capture the dynamic chemical environment of concentra ...
... ocean pH has fallen by about 0.1 pH unit from preindustrial This is a common point of confusion, because step-by-step times to today. Because pH is a equilibrium equations describing the carbonate system in measure of hydrogen ion seawater do not capture the dynamic chemical environment of concentra ...
Redrawing the energy-climate map - World Energy Outlook Special
... The world is not on track to meet the target agreed by governments to limit the longterm rise in the average global temperature to 2 degrees Celsius (°C). Global greenhousegas emissions are increasing rapidly and, in May 2013, carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per mill ...
... The world is not on track to meet the target agreed by governments to limit the longterm rise in the average global temperature to 2 degrees Celsius (°C). Global greenhousegas emissions are increasing rapidly and, in May 2013, carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per mill ...
Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle
... anomalies are calculated as the difference between the current sea surface temperature and a long-term average, and therefore indicate how much temperature departs from what is expected for a given time of year. These datasets can provide valuable information on the intensity and outcome of bleachin ...
... anomalies are calculated as the difference between the current sea surface temperature and a long-term average, and therefore indicate how much temperature departs from what is expected for a given time of year. These datasets can provide valuable information on the intensity and outcome of bleachin ...
Carbon to Climate Change
... be of equal importance in potential feedbacks to atmospheric C and the climate system within this century. Five general mechanisms could move significant quantities of ocean or land C into the atmosphere in response to a changing climate (Gruber et al. 2004). These so-called vulnerable C pools and ...
... be of equal importance in potential feedbacks to atmospheric C and the climate system within this century. Five general mechanisms could move significant quantities of ocean or land C into the atmosphere in response to a changing climate (Gruber et al. 2004). These so-called vulnerable C pools and ...
promoting resilience to climate change in australian conservation
... A Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity The impacts of climate change are already being felt and many species have already experienced significant range shifts.6 Ongoing future climate change will create a ‘perfect storm’ for biodiversity, exacerbating the effects of existing stressors ...
... A Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity The impacts of climate change are already being felt and many species have already experienced significant range shifts.6 Ongoing future climate change will create a ‘perfect storm’ for biodiversity, exacerbating the effects of existing stressors ...
Economic Modeling of Effects of Climate Change on the Forest
... change, and carbon flux remains an important research topic, not only for economists and ecologists separately, but more importantly for these scientists working together. In the third chapter, leading into the mitigation section, Alig provides background information about U.S. land and forest resou ...
... change, and carbon flux remains an important research topic, not only for economists and ecologists separately, but more importantly for these scientists working together. In the third chapter, leading into the mitigation section, Alig provides background information about U.S. land and forest resou ...
East Midlands Sustainable Development Round Table The Potential
... Overall, we will have to live with some level of climate change and plan accordingly. In order to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority ...
... Overall, we will have to live with some level of climate change and plan accordingly. In order to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority ...
Climate change in Strategic Environmental Assessment
... Over the last years, the bodies of knowledge and research on climate change have been growing, leading to a general consensus that climate change is actually happening today. Climate change, in its broadest sense, is thereby also beginning to play an increasingly important role in spatial planning g ...
... Over the last years, the bodies of knowledge and research on climate change have been growing, leading to a general consensus that climate change is actually happening today. Climate change, in its broadest sense, is thereby also beginning to play an increasingly important role in spatial planning g ...
Redrawing the energy-climate map - World Energy Outlook Special
... The world is not on track to meet the target agreed by governments to limit the longterm rise in the average global temperature to 2 degrees Celsius (°C). Global greenhousegas emissions are increasing rapidly and, in May 2013, carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per mill ...
... The world is not on track to meet the target agreed by governments to limit the longterm rise in the average global temperature to 2 degrees Celsius (°C). Global greenhousegas emissions are increasing rapidly and, in May 2013, carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per mill ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Coffee Production
... (often unknown or difficult to measure) is crossed. The rate of global warming is uneven due to the effect of the oceans, which absorb about 92% of the sun’s energy and then move it around through horizontal and vertical currents. There may still be many years in which average ambient temperatures d ...
... (often unknown or difficult to measure) is crossed. The rate of global warming is uneven due to the effect of the oceans, which absorb about 92% of the sun’s energy and then move it around through horizontal and vertical currents. There may still be many years in which average ambient temperatures d ...
Effects of temperature change on mussel, Mytilus
... An increasing body of research has demonstrated the often idiosyncratic responses of organisms to climaterelated factors, such as increases in air, sea and land surface temperatures, especially when coupled with nonclimatic stressors. This argues that sweeping generalizations about the likely impact ...
... An increasing body of research has demonstrated the often idiosyncratic responses of organisms to climaterelated factors, such as increases in air, sea and land surface temperatures, especially when coupled with nonclimatic stressors. This argues that sweeping generalizations about the likely impact ...
Impact Assessment Part 2 - European Commission
... As pointed out above when summarising the various IPCC scenarios, there is great uncertainty about the trajectory of greenhouse-gas emissions, which is dependent on future socioeconomic development and policy decisions. Future warming of the earth will affect many aspects of the climate system, for ...
... As pointed out above when summarising the various IPCC scenarios, there is great uncertainty about the trajectory of greenhouse-gas emissions, which is dependent on future socioeconomic development and policy decisions. Future warming of the earth will affect many aspects of the climate system, for ...
Trends in Economic and Insured Losses from Weather-Related Events: a new analysis
... warned: “As countries develop, and both economic conditions and governance improve, vulnerability decreases, but not sufficiently rapidly to compensate for the increase in exposure”. To carry out a more effective evaluation of changes in vulnerability, detailed comparative analyses would be required ...
... warned: “As countries develop, and both economic conditions and governance improve, vulnerability decreases, but not sufficiently rapidly to compensate for the increase in exposure”. To carry out a more effective evaluation of changes in vulnerability, detailed comparative analyses would be required ...
South Asia - International Institute for Sustainable Development
... Over the past several decades, South Asian countries have become increasingly prone to weatherrelated threats that previously had not been experienced at a regional scale, and have witnessed an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. In addition, rising annual mean tempera ...
... Over the past several decades, South Asian countries have become increasingly prone to weatherrelated threats that previously had not been experienced at a regional scale, and have witnessed an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. In addition, rising annual mean tempera ...
Climate Change Adaptation Guidelines in Coastal Management and
... and major new infrastructure. Such decisions cannot always be based on perfect information and frequently cannot be delayed until new science, research or understanding is available. However, such decisions made now may determine how a particular part of the coastal zone is used for many years into ...
... and major new infrastructure. Such decisions cannot always be based on perfect information and frequently cannot be delayed until new science, research or understanding is available. However, such decisions made now may determine how a particular part of the coastal zone is used for many years into ...
Lake Superior Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation January 2014
... Executive Summary Changing climate conditions will impact efforts to protect and restore Lake Superior. Current observations in the Lake Superior basin demonstrate that some changes in climate are already occurring, including increases in surface water and air temperatures and a decrease in the ext ...
... Executive Summary Changing climate conditions will impact efforts to protect and restore Lake Superior. Current observations in the Lake Superior basin demonstrate that some changes in climate are already occurring, including increases in surface water and air temperatures and a decrease in the ext ...
Arctic Academy Programme (ARKTIKO) 2014 – 2018 Project
... sea transport due to its harsh climate conditions. However, climate change is opening the region from permanent ice coverage, making it more attractive for several industrial activities including oil production and transport. The risks of accidental oil spills have therefore increased significantly ...
... sea transport due to its harsh climate conditions. However, climate change is opening the region from permanent ice coverage, making it more attractive for several industrial activities including oil production and transport. The risks of accidental oil spills have therefore increased significantly ...
... warming and climate change has become a cause of grave concern all over the world. Every society, small or big, is feeling the ill effects of environmental degradation and this poses a high level of risk to the existence of plant, animal and human life. Trends towards environmental degradation can, ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.