Land Resources - Northern Research Station
... Disturbances such as forest fires, insect outbreaks, ice storms, and hurricanes also change forest productivity, carbon cycling, and species composition. Climate influences the frequency and size of disturbances. Many features of ecosystems can be predicted by forest age, and disturbance regulates f ...
... Disturbances such as forest fires, insect outbreaks, ice storms, and hurricanes also change forest productivity, carbon cycling, and species composition. Climate influences the frequency and size of disturbances. Many features of ecosystems can be predicted by forest age, and disturbance regulates f ...
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... commitments agreed upon in the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This protocol aimed to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In particular, the socalled Annex I countries (most OECD countries and the former Soviet Union) agreed upon a reduction of their GHG emissions by five percent in 2012, compared ...
... commitments agreed upon in the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This protocol aimed to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In particular, the socalled Annex I countries (most OECD countries and the former Soviet Union) agreed upon a reduction of their GHG emissions by five percent in 2012, compared ...
Realizing the human right to adequate food in times of climate
... studies confirm that Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability and change because of multiple stresses and low adaptive capacity.6 The IAASTD arrived at the same conclusions, expressing that the preponderance of global agricultural studies shows that climate change is no ...
... studies confirm that Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability and change because of multiple stresses and low adaptive capacity.6 The IAASTD arrived at the same conclusions, expressing that the preponderance of global agricultural studies shows that climate change is no ...
Estimating intensive and extensive margin adaptation to climate
... location of the household is often masked for privacy reasons. Our approach circumvents this data limitation, which would be very costly to overcome, by relying on observed electricity consumption from billing data and weather only. The approach outlined here can be adopted ...
... location of the household is often masked for privacy reasons. Our approach circumvents this data limitation, which would be very costly to overcome, by relying on observed electricity consumption from billing data and weather only. The approach outlined here can be adopted ...
The Vulnerability of Biodiversity to Rapid Climate Change
... Limited inclusion of the full complement of human forcings in most climate model ...
... Limited inclusion of the full complement of human forcings in most climate model ...
Integrated Climate Change Strategies for
... The planning approach suggested here is unique, since proposals for development of a regional climate strategy take account both of recommendations on adaptation to climate change and measures for reduction of GHG emission (Section 7). This integrated approach should lower decision-making costs in t ...
... The planning approach suggested here is unique, since proposals for development of a regional climate strategy take account both of recommendations on adaptation to climate change and measures for reduction of GHG emission (Section 7). This integrated approach should lower decision-making costs in t ...
KURUKULASURIYA MENDELSOHN 2006 Crop Selection Adapting to Climate Change in Afrika
... strategies will be necessary to overcome the expected adverse impacts from higher temperature and changing precipitation patterns. However, quantitative assessments on how farmers will switch crops if climate changes are scarce. This research addresses this gap in the literature. The modeling follow ...
... strategies will be necessary to overcome the expected adverse impacts from higher temperature and changing precipitation patterns. However, quantitative assessments on how farmers will switch crops if climate changes are scarce. This research addresses this gap in the literature. The modeling follow ...
Autumn, the neglected season in climate change
... that can occur weeks apart [28,29]. Autumn bird migration is also temporally extended, and can involve multiple waves of migrating birds [3]. Fruits typically mature over an extended period as well, as part of their reproductive and dispersal strategy, which contrasts with the sudden and brief flowe ...
... that can occur weeks apart [28,29]. Autumn bird migration is also temporally extended, and can involve multiple waves of migrating birds [3]. Fruits typically mature over an extended period as well, as part of their reproductive and dispersal strategy, which contrasts with the sudden and brief flowe ...
PDF - Boston University
... industry where fuel accounts for up to 60 percent of operating costs (Corbett and Winebrake 2008). However, bunker fuel combustion results in higher levels of emissions than other fuel oils due to the high viscosity and level of impurities. While top emitting nations are setting goals to cap or redu ...
... industry where fuel accounts for up to 60 percent of operating costs (Corbett and Winebrake 2008). However, bunker fuel combustion results in higher levels of emissions than other fuel oils due to the high viscosity and level of impurities. While top emitting nations are setting goals to cap or redu ...
Lecture 1 CIP Module Montreal Conference Draft
... Figure 18 Observed changes in global average surface temperature, average sea level and Northern Hemisphere snow cover relative to period 1961–1990. ........................................ 39 Figure 19 Selected regional climate change observations. .................................................. ...
... Figure 18 Observed changes in global average surface temperature, average sea level and Northern Hemisphere snow cover relative to period 1961–1990. ........................................ 39 Figure 19 Selected regional climate change observations. .................................................. ...
Ecosystem services - International Risk Governance Council
... change discussed above, often interact to increase their impacts; climate change, for example, can lead to more invasive species and more rapid habitat changes, thereby complicating governance issues. Habitat change The conversion of natural ecosystems into anthropogenic ecosystems (such as farmland ...
... change discussed above, often interact to increase their impacts; climate change, for example, can lead to more invasive species and more rapid habitat changes, thereby complicating governance issues. Habitat change The conversion of natural ecosystems into anthropogenic ecosystems (such as farmland ...
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past
... of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes. Warming of the polar regions has global implications for sea-level rise and climate change feedback processes such as decreased planetary albedo and the release of naturally stored carbon reservoirs. High-latitude amplification of global war ...
... of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes. Warming of the polar regions has global implications for sea-level rise and climate change feedback processes such as decreased planetary albedo and the release of naturally stored carbon reservoirs. High-latitude amplification of global war ...
Evidence for a Rapid Global Climate Shift across the Late 1960s
... appear to be new, but their combined extent is global and dynamical linkages between them are evident. The list of affected variables includes patterns of SST; tropical rainfall in the African Sahel and Sudan, the Amazon basin, and northeast Brazil; pressure and SST in the tropical North Atlantic an ...
... appear to be new, but their combined extent is global and dynamical linkages between them are evident. The list of affected variables includes patterns of SST; tropical rainfall in the African Sahel and Sudan, the Amazon basin, and northeast Brazil; pressure and SST in the tropical North Atlantic an ...
Ecological and methodological drivers of species` distribution and
... by contacting the study’s authors. Distribution changes were recorded as positive where they were consistent with a response to climate change (generally polewards, but see Burrows et al., 2011) and negative if they were not consistent with climate change. Phenology changes were recorded as negative ...
... by contacting the study’s authors. Distribution changes were recorded as positive where they were consistent with a response to climate change (generally polewards, but see Burrows et al., 2011) and negative if they were not consistent with climate change. Phenology changes were recorded as negative ...
Assessments of moisture fluxes east of the Andes in South America
... concentration of moisture in the lower atmosphere. Since 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been assessing the climate change under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and analyzing also the scientific basis of the climate change, its impact, vulnerability and ...
... concentration of moisture in the lower atmosphere. Since 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been assessing the climate change under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and analyzing also the scientific basis of the climate change, its impact, vulnerability and ...
Mekong River flow and hydrological extremes under climate change
... al. (2010) modelled the Mekong’s flow regimes under several climate change scenarios and suggested a likely intensification of the hydrological cycle, resulting in increases in annual and seasonal river discharges. Consequently, they also suggest increasing flood risks during the wet season in the C ...
... al. (2010) modelled the Mekong’s flow regimes under several climate change scenarios and suggested a likely intensification of the hydrological cycle, resulting in increases in annual and seasonal river discharges. Consequently, they also suggest increasing flood risks during the wet season in the C ...
IPCC - unfccc
... Information on the uncertainty associated with activity data and emission factors; Rationale for choice of methods; Methods used, including those used to estimate uncertainty; Changes in data inputs or methods from previous years; Individuals providing expert judgement for uncertainty esti ...
... Information on the uncertainty associated with activity data and emission factors; Rationale for choice of methods; Methods used, including those used to estimate uncertainty; Changes in data inputs or methods from previous years; Individuals providing expert judgement for uncertainty esti ...
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... the agricultural sector’s perceptions of climate change in the United States and empirical studies are limited in number and in scope. Weber (1997) found that approximately half of the 48 farmers surveyed in east–central Illinois did not believe in the existence of global warming. Diggs (1991) showe ...
... the agricultural sector’s perceptions of climate change in the United States and empirical studies are limited in number and in scope. Weber (1997) found that approximately half of the 48 farmers surveyed in east–central Illinois did not believe in the existence of global warming. Diggs (1991) showe ...
The Construction of Global Warming and the Politics of Science
... and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases (GHGs), from the recent Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Fram ...
... and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases (GHGs), from the recent Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Fram ...
Climate Change in the Himalayas
... With the largest snow and ice cover in the world outside the polar regions, the Himalayan region is one of the most important mountain systems in the world and is referred to as the “third pole” (Schild, 2008) and the “water tower of Asia” (Xu et al., 2009). Extending along the northern fringe of th ...
... With the largest snow and ice cover in the world outside the polar regions, the Himalayan region is one of the most important mountain systems in the world and is referred to as the “third pole” (Schild, 2008) and the “water tower of Asia” (Xu et al., 2009). Extending along the northern fringe of th ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable
... both from a scientific and policy perspective. One plausible reason for this could be that climate change emerged as a problem related to the long-term disturbance of the global geo-biochemical cycles and associated effects on the climate system (Cohen et al. 1998). The current discourse owes its le ...
... both from a scientific and policy perspective. One plausible reason for this could be that climate change emerged as a problem related to the long-term disturbance of the global geo-biochemical cycles and associated effects on the climate system (Cohen et al. 1998). The current discourse owes its le ...
science-based targets
... relevant to climate change. They define carbon limits and the consequences of excessive emissions. Setting targets based on IPCC data allows businesses to position themselves for impending change, with the following benefits: INNOVATION / Companies are finding ways to strategically delink economic g ...
... relevant to climate change. They define carbon limits and the consequences of excessive emissions. Setting targets based on IPCC data allows businesses to position themselves for impending change, with the following benefits: INNOVATION / Companies are finding ways to strategically delink economic g ...
Framing Strategies to Minimize Impacts on Pennsylvania
... Environmental Council - PEC). PEC, for example, indicated that every organizational program is based on its “Climate Change Roadmap.” NatureServe has developed a climate change adaptation strategy that focuses on increasing the resilience of natural systems to expected changes in temperature and pre ...
... Environmental Council - PEC). PEC, for example, indicated that every organizational program is based on its “Climate Change Roadmap.” NatureServe has developed a climate change adaptation strategy that focuses on increasing the resilience of natural systems to expected changes in temperature and pre ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the context of Sustainable
... both from a scientific and policy perspective. One plausible reason for this could be that climate change emerged as a problem related to the long-term disturbance of the global geo-biochemical cycles and associated effects on the climate system (Cohen et al. 1998). The current discourse owes its le ...
... both from a scientific and policy perspective. One plausible reason for this could be that climate change emerged as a problem related to the long-term disturbance of the global geo-biochemical cycles and associated effects on the climate system (Cohen et al. 1998). The current discourse owes its le ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.