Implications of Climate Change for Turnover in Forest Composition
... trees near their low latitude/elevation range limits, while warm-adapted trees should increase in abundance near their high latitude/elevation limits ( i.e., ‘thermophilization’). However, slow-growing and long-lived trees, paired with climatic sensitivities that differ by species could add complexi ...
... trees near their low latitude/elevation range limits, while warm-adapted trees should increase in abundance near their high latitude/elevation limits ( i.e., ‘thermophilization’). However, slow-growing and long-lived trees, paired with climatic sensitivities that differ by species could add complexi ...
Bony et al., 2006
... feedbacks among GCMs. A strong anticorrelation between the water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks of models is also seen, consistent with long-held views on the relationships between the two feedbacks (e.g., Cess 1975). A consequence of this anticorrelation is that the spread of the combined water vap ...
... feedbacks among GCMs. A strong anticorrelation between the water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks of models is also seen, consistent with long-held views on the relationships between the two feedbacks (e.g., Cess 1975). A consequence of this anticorrelation is that the spread of the combined water vap ...
View/Open
... recent human history. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) indicated that the global average surface temperature increased by about 0.6°C during the 20th century. The recent Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2007) states that ‘most of the observed i ...
... recent human history. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) indicated that the global average surface temperature increased by about 0.6°C during the 20th century. The recent Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2007) states that ‘most of the observed i ...
the identification of a solar signal in climate records of the last 500
... There has been confirmation in the last two decades, through instrumental measurements onboard satellites, that the ‘solar constant’ does, as has long been hypothesized, vary. While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over ...
... There has been confirmation in the last two decades, through instrumental measurements onboard satellites, that the ‘solar constant’ does, as has long been hypothesized, vary. While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over ...
Citizen Climate Lesson Plans Grades 9–12
... These lesson plans recognize that many opinions exist about approaches society should take in response to climate change. This curriculum avoids “advocating” certain positions. Instead, it strives to provide accurate information from well-respected sources. It presents differing opinions on issues a ...
... These lesson plans recognize that many opinions exist about approaches society should take in response to climate change. This curriculum avoids “advocating” certain positions. Instead, it strives to provide accurate information from well-respected sources. It presents differing opinions on issues a ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MINING
... insurance dynamics over the long-term. However, such ‘tipping points’ can also trigger innovation and some of this innovation has begun to take place already, albeit mainly to reduce costs. 3. The extractives sector plays an indispensable role in the economic development models and plans of many reg ...
... insurance dynamics over the long-term. However, such ‘tipping points’ can also trigger innovation and some of this innovation has begun to take place already, albeit mainly to reduce costs. 3. The extractives sector plays an indispensable role in the economic development models and plans of many reg ...
the relationships between marine phytoplankton
... the geological environment, but they also produce deep and long-lasting effects on this same environment. This theoretical standpoint is part of the explanation of why Lovelock and colleagues (1972) saw, in Fred Challenger’s observation that many marine organisms release dimethylsulphide (DMS), a re ...
... the geological environment, but they also produce deep and long-lasting effects on this same environment. This theoretical standpoint is part of the explanation of why Lovelock and colleagues (1972) saw, in Fred Challenger’s observation that many marine organisms release dimethylsulphide (DMS), a re ...
How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback
... feedbacks among GCMs. A strong anticorrelation between the water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks of models is also seen, consistent with long-held views on the relationships between the two feedbacks (e.g., Cess 1975). A consequence of this anticorrelation is that the spread of the combined water vap ...
... feedbacks among GCMs. A strong anticorrelation between the water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks of models is also seen, consistent with long-held views on the relationships between the two feedbacks (e.g., Cess 1975). A consequence of this anticorrelation is that the spread of the combined water vap ...
NRDC: Hotter and Drier - The West`s Changed Climate
... The American West has heated up even more than the world as a whole. For the last five years (2003 through 2007), the global climate has averaged 1.0 degree Fahrenheit warmer than its 20th century average. For this report, RMCO found that during the 2003 through 2007 period, the 11 western states av ...
... The American West has heated up even more than the world as a whole. For the last five years (2003 through 2007), the global climate has averaged 1.0 degree Fahrenheit warmer than its 20th century average. For this report, RMCO found that during the 2003 through 2007 period, the 11 western states av ...
potential effects of climate change on ecosystem and tree species
... choosing the best method for making predictions (Thuiller 2003). In this study, we present a different approach. We explore whether relatively straightforward modeling methods at the ecosystem level rather than the species level can result in accurate predictions of species habitat. For this purpose ...
... choosing the best method for making predictions (Thuiller 2003). In this study, we present a different approach. We explore whether relatively straightforward modeling methods at the ecosystem level rather than the species level can result in accurate predictions of species habitat. For this purpose ...
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... One of the main challenges faced by developers of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) addressing the climate change problem is to find the proper compromise between the spatial and temporal scales and resolutions of the models they need to integrate. The nature of climatic change (global, long-term ...
... One of the main challenges faced by developers of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) addressing the climate change problem is to find the proper compromise between the spatial and temporal scales and resolutions of the models they need to integrate. The nature of climatic change (global, long-term ...
Atmospheric Sciences:
... surface of the Earth, and some of this heat goes into warming the air near the surface. The heated air rises and spreads up through the atmosphere. So the air temperature is highest near the surface and decreases as altitude increases. The pressure of the air can be related to the weight of the air ...
... surface of the Earth, and some of this heat goes into warming the air near the surface. The heated air rises and spreads up through the atmosphere. So the air temperature is highest near the surface and decreases as altitude increases. The pressure of the air can be related to the weight of the air ...
Introduction - Carbon Mitigation Initiative
... • Growth in forests in the north-central US has slightly but significantly decreased over the last 35 years. • State-of-the-art ecosystem models of CO2 fertilization are false for this region. • When added to observed down-regulation and evidence from new global carbon budgets, this result provides ...
... • Growth in forests in the north-central US has slightly but significantly decreased over the last 35 years. • State-of-the-art ecosystem models of CO2 fertilization are false for this region. • When added to observed down-regulation and evidence from new global carbon budgets, this result provides ...
Vulnerability to climate change of marine and coastal fisheries in
... marine and coastal fishing in México, discussing its vulnerability in the present and future based on the potential effects of climate change on the ecosystems that sustain the activity. The analysis of the possible impacts of climate change on the main fisheries is based on scenarios projected to 2 ...
... marine and coastal fishing in México, discussing its vulnerability in the present and future based on the potential effects of climate change on the ecosystems that sustain the activity. The analysis of the possible impacts of climate change on the main fisheries is based on scenarios projected to 2 ...
Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with
... spaces and communities (Munn-Venn & Archibald, 2007). The tsunami and earthquake in Japan, the tsunami in the Indonesian island of Sumatra, and the flood covering large areas in Pakistan and Australia, which have taken tens of thousands of lives, are just a few among many tragic disasters. Importantl ...
... spaces and communities (Munn-Venn & Archibald, 2007). The tsunami and earthquake in Japan, the tsunami in the Indonesian island of Sumatra, and the flood covering large areas in Pakistan and Australia, which have taken tens of thousands of lives, are just a few among many tragic disasters. Importantl ...
Tutorial: Microsoft Office Excel Basics
... MS Excel is capable of making calculations automatically once the cells have been properly programmed. This feature can be used to make a single calculation, like in a calculator, or can be done on an entire row or column of data using the same formula. Any equation starts by typing “=” into the cel ...
... MS Excel is capable of making calculations automatically once the cells have been properly programmed. This feature can be used to make a single calculation, like in a calculator, or can be done on an entire row or column of data using the same formula. Any equation starts by typing “=” into the cel ...
Temperature sensitivity of drought-induced tree mortality portends
... frequency of mortality-inducing events (Fig. 3B). This projection is conservative because it is based on the historical drought record and therefore does not include changes in drought frequency, which is predicted to increase concurrently with warming (2, 37–39). In addition, populations of tree pe ...
... frequency of mortality-inducing events (Fig. 3B). This projection is conservative because it is based on the historical drought record and therefore does not include changes in drought frequency, which is predicted to increase concurrently with warming (2, 37–39). In addition, populations of tree pe ...
Key Steps: Mitigation
... Define detailed scope of the sector Identify preliminary mitigation (or adaptation) ...
... Define detailed scope of the sector Identify preliminary mitigation (or adaptation) ...
Developing an `integrated` approach to
... The 1990s were the warmest decade of the last millennium, and 1998 the warmest year. Mean air temperatures in the Arctic have increased by about 5°C over the last 100 years, and the extent of sea ice has decreased by 14% since the 1970s. These increases represent larger changes than any century-long ...
... The 1990s were the warmest decade of the last millennium, and 1998 the warmest year. Mean air temperatures in the Arctic have increased by about 5°C over the last 100 years, and the extent of sea ice has decreased by 14% since the 1970s. These increases represent larger changes than any century-long ...
Mediterranean climate
... Mediterranean is likely to experience an overall reduction of crop yields due to the change in climate. In some locations in the northern Mediterranean, the effects of climate change and its associated increase in carbon dioxide may have little or small positive impacts on yields, provided that addi ...
... Mediterranean is likely to experience an overall reduction of crop yields due to the change in climate. In some locations in the northern Mediterranean, the effects of climate change and its associated increase in carbon dioxide may have little or small positive impacts on yields, provided that addi ...
JEDC_email_exchange_2
... need correcting. However, I think it is relatively straightforward for you to verify that they are indeed errors. I have attached copies of two of the relevant papers which Professor Tol has used. The Nordhaus (1994a) paper on ‘Expert opinion on climate change’, published in ‘American Scientist’, sh ...
... need correcting. However, I think it is relatively straightforward for you to verify that they are indeed errors. I have attached copies of two of the relevant papers which Professor Tol has used. The Nordhaus (1994a) paper on ‘Expert opinion on climate change’, published in ‘American Scientist’, sh ...
i. executive summary
... UNDP contributed to enhancing Thailand's capacity for harmonized development cooperation with south-south cooperation at two levels, i.e., at the upstream policy level and the implementation of sectoral assistance. The results, however, are more distinguished at the level of sectoral cooperation tha ...
... UNDP contributed to enhancing Thailand's capacity for harmonized development cooperation with south-south cooperation at two levels, i.e., at the upstream policy level and the implementation of sectoral assistance. The results, however, are more distinguished at the level of sectoral cooperation tha ...
Climate Change Report (2016)
... Land use—particularly agriculture, forest and rangeland management—contributes an estimated 24% of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus has a pivotal role in addressing climate change (IPCC 2014). Unlike energy systems, land use can affect GHG levels by not only altering emissions, but als ...
... Land use—particularly agriculture, forest and rangeland management—contributes an estimated 24% of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus has a pivotal role in addressing climate change (IPCC 2014). Unlike energy systems, land use can affect GHG levels by not only altering emissions, but als ...
Guidelines for Responding to the Effects of Climate Change in
... It is therefore essential that the professional evolve at a rapid rate and it is expected that further updated NCCOE climate change guidelines will be prepared in future. coastal and ocean engineer continues to exercise good judgement in response to Over the past two decades there has been a growing ...
... It is therefore essential that the professional evolve at a rapid rate and it is expected that further updated NCCOE climate change guidelines will be prepared in future. coastal and ocean engineer continues to exercise good judgement in response to Over the past two decades there has been a growing ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.