Systems thinking methodology in researching the
... a condition, a situation, an action or a decision which will influence and also can be influenced by others variable (factors) (Bosch et al., 2007). Variables can be quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative variables are the factors can be measured such as the value of average air temperature, leve ...
... a condition, a situation, an action or a decision which will influence and also can be influenced by others variable (factors) (Bosch et al., 2007). Variables can be quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative variables are the factors can be measured such as the value of average air temperature, leve ...
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... agreement for climate change. Addressing questions of whether a country will choose to participate in a climate change agreement, or if participating will choose to comply with an agreement, requires an analysis of the strategic interests of each country involved. We use a dynamic game-theoretic mod ...
... agreement for climate change. Addressing questions of whether a country will choose to participate in a climate change agreement, or if participating will choose to comply with an agreement, requires an analysis of the strategic interests of each country involved. We use a dynamic game-theoretic mod ...
SJ Org. 1 Ann Global Warming in the Arctic x
... climate in the rest of the world.” (National Snow & Ice Data Center). In the Arctic, as temperatures start to increase glaciers in the Arctic begin to melt and as more glaciers melt, areas dark open water are discovered and this is a problem because those areas of dark open water can absorb heat f ...
... climate in the rest of the world.” (National Snow & Ice Data Center). In the Arctic, as temperatures start to increase glaciers in the Arctic begin to melt and as more glaciers melt, areas dark open water are discovered and this is a problem because those areas of dark open water can absorb heat f ...
atmospheric phenomena and climate evaluating the effect of climatic
... quantitatively. Snow is known to be a good thermal insulant, therefore warming would be its major effect. Vegetation, in particular, the lowest moss-peat layer (often equated with organic layer) is a thermal insulant whose features change over time, which serves as efficient regulator of the changin ...
... quantitatively. Snow is known to be a good thermal insulant, therefore warming would be its major effect. Vegetation, in particular, the lowest moss-peat layer (often equated with organic layer) is a thermal insulant whose features change over time, which serves as efficient regulator of the changin ...
Farmers` Risk Perception towards Climate Change: A Case of the
... individuals’ loss of values, and risk perception differs based on many factors. These factors contribute to an understanding of the overall risk perception, although they do not explain it all [15]. Human risk perception varies across individuals, households, and societies [16]. Preferences with res ...
... individuals’ loss of values, and risk perception differs based on many factors. These factors contribute to an understanding of the overall risk perception, although they do not explain it all [15]. Human risk perception varies across individuals, households, and societies [16]. Preferences with res ...
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... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
Climate Change: The Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Egypt
... The agricultural sector consumes about 85% of the annual total water resource and more than 70% of the cultivated area depends on low-efficiency surface irrigation systems, which cause high water losses, a decline in land productivity, water logging and salinity problems. (El-Gindy, et al., 2001) Mo ...
... The agricultural sector consumes about 85% of the annual total water resource and more than 70% of the cultivated area depends on low-efficiency surface irrigation systems, which cause high water losses, a decline in land productivity, water logging and salinity problems. (El-Gindy, et al., 2001) Mo ...
Saint Kitts and Nevis
... Climate change is one of the major threats for key vulnerable sectors that are linked to vital pillars for sustainable development. Forestry and water supply are intimately linked to potable water, tourism, and agriculture. Moreover, St. Kitts and Nevis, a twin island state, is abundant in nearshore ...
... Climate change is one of the major threats for key vulnerable sectors that are linked to vital pillars for sustainable development. Forestry and water supply are intimately linked to potable water, tourism, and agriculture. Moreover, St. Kitts and Nevis, a twin island state, is abundant in nearshore ...
"Climate Change and Wildfire in California," Climatic Change, 87
... scenario (averaging a 4.30°C increase for California by 2070–2099 as compared to 2061– 2090). These results are consistent with temperatures simulated under a broad array of climate change models. The variability in projected future temperatures across simulations using the same emissions scenarios ...
... scenario (averaging a 4.30°C increase for California by 2070–2099 as compared to 2061– 2090). These results are consistent with temperatures simulated under a broad array of climate change models. The variability in projected future temperatures across simulations using the same emissions scenarios ...
CO 2 - ICTS
... Climate change is irreversible on human timescale. Natural carbon cycle processes would take millions of years to remove the “Anthropogenic” CO2 from the atmosphere-ocean-land system ...
... Climate change is irreversible on human timescale. Natural carbon cycle processes would take millions of years to remove the “Anthropogenic” CO2 from the atmosphere-ocean-land system ...
anthropology and climate change - North Atlantic Biocultural
... brought climate change into their campaign vocabulary, framing it as one of the most urgent issues of our times. Climate change consistently makes front page stories of mainstream magazines and newspapers. The media portrayal of climate change, the excessive dramatizing of apocalyptic events, or the ...
... brought climate change into their campaign vocabulary, framing it as one of the most urgent issues of our times. Climate change consistently makes front page stories of mainstream magazines and newspapers. The media portrayal of climate change, the excessive dramatizing of apocalyptic events, or the ...
Climate Change and California`s Local Public Health Agencies
... resource, public health, and infrastructure planning institutions are for managing the risks posed by climate change. The larger study will be available in summer 2008. ...
... resource, public health, and infrastructure planning institutions are for managing the risks posed by climate change. The larger study will be available in summer 2008. ...
New Zealand`s Journey toward a Low-Emission Future
... risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. (ii) Total radiative forcing is positive, and has led to an uptake of energy by the climate system. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 since 1750. (ii ...
... risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. (ii) Total radiative forcing is positive, and has led to an uptake of energy by the climate system. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 since 1750. (ii ...
Local Climate Change Governance
... the local impacts of, and reaction to, climate change was engendered by the insight that in spite of international treaties, protocols, and alignments, the local is an important site for governing climate change (Betsill/Bulkeley 2006, Adger 1999, 2001). Local governments have many tools at their di ...
... the local impacts of, and reaction to, climate change was engendered by the insight that in spite of international treaties, protocols, and alignments, the local is an important site for governing climate change (Betsill/Bulkeley 2006, Adger 1999, 2001). Local governments have many tools at their di ...
The Effects of Ocean Freshening on Marine and
... stable and increases overall stratification. By increasing stratification, the overall availability of nutrients, including nitrates, is reduced (Barreiro et al 2007, Li 2009, Ji et al. 2008). When available nitrates are reduced, the population sizes of other planktons (such as diatoms and dinoflag ...
... stable and increases overall stratification. By increasing stratification, the overall availability of nutrients, including nitrates, is reduced (Barreiro et al 2007, Li 2009, Ji et al. 2008). When available nitrates are reduced, the population sizes of other planktons (such as diatoms and dinoflag ...
Livestock and climate change - CGSpace
... life-cycle analyses of household GHG emissions, test cases of different schemes that can provide income to farmers through payments for ecosystems goods and services, and development of household models that are able to evaluate risk and crop-livestock interactions and tradeoffs, but much remains to ...
... life-cycle analyses of household GHG emissions, test cases of different schemes that can provide income to farmers through payments for ecosystems goods and services, and development of household models that are able to evaluate risk and crop-livestock interactions and tradeoffs, but much remains to ...
An Analysis of Black Carbon Mitigation as a Response to Climate
... and relatively short residence time in the atmosphere,4 black carbon presents some unique opportunities for postponing the effects of climate change. Whereas CO2 has a life of up to about 40 years,5 black carbon remains in the atmosphere for as little as several weeks.6 As such, reducing emissions o ...
... and relatively short residence time in the atmosphere,4 black carbon presents some unique opportunities for postponing the effects of climate change. Whereas CO2 has a life of up to about 40 years,5 black carbon remains in the atmosphere for as little as several weeks.6 As such, reducing emissions o ...
Cryptic impacts of temperature variability on amphibian immune
... has been observed in declining populations, suggesting impaired reproduction or increased juvenile mortality (Wheeler et al., 2003). Intriguingly, C. alleganiensis is known to experience persistent, idiopathic skin lesions that can progress to tissue degeneration and, in severe cases, loss of all fo ...
... has been observed in declining populations, suggesting impaired reproduction or increased juvenile mortality (Wheeler et al., 2003). Intriguingly, C. alleganiensis is known to experience persistent, idiopathic skin lesions that can progress to tissue degeneration and, in severe cases, loss of all fo ...
Two Stories About E.U. Climate Change Law and Policy
... “command and control” approaches to pollution control. Buttressed by its wide-ranging Climate and Energy Package (CEP) and having created a politywide carbon price, the EU ETS will drive the low-carbon reconstruction of the European economy. In many respects a classic environmental externality,7 by ...
... “command and control” approaches to pollution control. Buttressed by its wide-ranging Climate and Energy Package (CEP) and having created a politywide carbon price, the EU ETS will drive the low-carbon reconstruction of the European economy. In many respects a classic environmental externality,7 by ...
Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface
... Global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are rising. Over the past 150 years global mean SSTs have increased at an average of 0.04 °C decade1 (Trenberth et al., 2007). Recent temperatures are changing at a much faster rate than in the past: since 1979, the global rate of warming has increased to 0.13 ...
... Global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are rising. Over the past 150 years global mean SSTs have increased at an average of 0.04 °C decade1 (Trenberth et al., 2007). Recent temperatures are changing at a much faster rate than in the past: since 1979, the global rate of warming has increased to 0.13 ...
JUST WATER:
... logic of violence, exploitation and selfishness’, and ‘makes itself felt in every action that seeks to build a better world.’ ...
... logic of violence, exploitation and selfishness’, and ‘makes itself felt in every action that seeks to build a better world.’ ...
Appendix 3: Climate Science Supplement
... than 0.5°F). At the regional scale, and over shorter time periods, internal variability can be responsible for much larger changes in temperature and other aspects of climate. Today, however, the picture is very different. Although natural factors still affect climate, human activities are now the p ...
... than 0.5°F). At the regional scale, and over shorter time periods, internal variability can be responsible for much larger changes in temperature and other aspects of climate. Today, however, the picture is very different. Although natural factors still affect climate, human activities are now the p ...
A Proposed New Metric For Quantifying The Climatic Effects Of Human-Caused
... methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require su ...
... methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require su ...
Assessing Current Climate Risks
... This template has three climate ranges, depending on whether the outcomes are beneficial, negative but tolerable, or harmful. Beneficial and tolerable outcomes form the coping range (Hewitt and Burton, 1971). Beyond the coping range, the damages or losses are no longer tolerable and an identifiable ...
... This template has three climate ranges, depending on whether the outcomes are beneficial, negative but tolerable, or harmful. Beneficial and tolerable outcomes form the coping range (Hewitt and Burton, 1971). Beyond the coping range, the damages or losses are no longer tolerable and an identifiable ...
Polar Lows - Hans von Storch
... analysis of past and present change as well as scnearios of possible future conditions a) Application of downscaling strategy to Polar Lows in the N Atlantic b) Application of down scaling strategy to SE Asian typhoons ...
... analysis of past and present change as well as scnearios of possible future conditions a) Application of downscaling strategy to Polar Lows in the N Atlantic b) Application of down scaling strategy to SE Asian typhoons ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.