The implications for climate sensitivity of AR5 forcing and heat...
... Use in (1) and (2) of averages over base and final periods, rather than complete time series, captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its unc ...
... Use in (1) and (2) of averages over base and final periods, rather than complete time series, captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its unc ...
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate
... Stage One: We identify corporate activity and expenditure, which, under our system, can influence the policy-making and regulatory process. These include: internal staff costs related to the maintenance of communications, regulatory and government affairs and public relations departments, external e ...
... Stage One: We identify corporate activity and expenditure, which, under our system, can influence the policy-making and regulatory process. These include: internal staff costs related to the maintenance of communications, regulatory and government affairs and public relations departments, external e ...
PDF
... emissions through gains in energy efficiency. Several of the as physical laws allow. The argument that will be presented widely used IPCC SRES scenarios even go so far as to allow is that, unfortunately, wealth cannot be decoupled from reeconomic growth to continue while CO2 emissions stabilize sour ...
... emissions through gains in energy efficiency. Several of the as physical laws allow. The argument that will be presented widely used IPCC SRES scenarios even go so far as to allow is that, unfortunately, wealth cannot be decoupled from reeconomic growth to continue while CO2 emissions stabilize sour ...
A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change
... on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we anchor the valuation exercise in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Approach and therefore ...
... on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we anchor the valuation exercise in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Approach and therefore ...
Climate Change and Biodiversity
... begun to affect biodiversity. The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased since the pre-industrial era due to human activities, primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and land-use and land-cover change. These and natural forces have contributed to changes in the Earth’s clima ...
... begun to affect biodiversity. The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased since the pre-industrial era due to human activities, primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and land-use and land-cover change. These and natural forces have contributed to changes in the Earth’s clima ...
Abrupt rise in atmospheric CO2 at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød: in
... signal during the last 50 yr and is connected with a radiative forcing of 0.59–0.75 W m−2 . Using a model-based airborne fraction of 0.17 of atmospheric CO2 , we infer that 125 Pg of carbon need to be released into the atmosphere to produce such a peak. If the abrupt rise in CO2 at the onset of the ...
... signal during the last 50 yr and is connected with a radiative forcing of 0.59–0.75 W m−2 . Using a model-based airborne fraction of 0.17 of atmospheric CO2 , we infer that 125 Pg of carbon need to be released into the atmosphere to produce such a peak. If the abrupt rise in CO2 at the onset of the ...
The Psychological Distance of Climate Change
... it.(10,11) However, research conducted over the past 3–4 years in both America and the United Kingdom shows some decline in levels of concern.(12,13) In addition, and perhaps paradoxically, given the strengthening scientific evidence of the anthropogenic causes over that time, research over the past ...
... it.(10,11) However, research conducted over the past 3–4 years in both America and the United Kingdom shows some decline in levels of concern.(12,13) In addition, and perhaps paradoxically, given the strengthening scientific evidence of the anthropogenic causes over that time, research over the past ...
Kiribati
... generally within any heights from less than a meter to four meters above the mean sea level. Eleven of these atolls are uninhabitable because of their small size and lack of ground water lens. The atolls spread over a total Exclusive Economic Zone of 3.5 million sq. km. It became independent in 1979 ...
... generally within any heights from less than a meter to four meters above the mean sea level. Eleven of these atolls are uninhabitable because of their small size and lack of ground water lens. The atolls spread over a total Exclusive Economic Zone of 3.5 million sq. km. It became independent in 1979 ...
Analysis of Statistical Power Reconciles Drought
... probability of conflict, so large proportional changes in the risk of conflict correspond with sizable changes in the probability of conflict—changes that are large enough to be detected with statistics. The likelihood of conflict in THB’s sample is much lower than other studies because of two of t ...
... probability of conflict, so large proportional changes in the risk of conflict correspond with sizable changes in the probability of conflict—changes that are large enough to be detected with statistics. The likelihood of conflict in THB’s sample is much lower than other studies because of two of t ...
Towards indicators for resilient architecture and infrastructure
... use. For example, energy infrastructure put into service in the next five years may “lock-in” physical artefacts, distribution patterns, and greenhouse gas emissions well past 2050 (S. J. Davis, Caldeira, & Matthews, 2010). The building and construction sector alone is responsible for 10-40% of coun ...
... use. For example, energy infrastructure put into service in the next five years may “lock-in” physical artefacts, distribution patterns, and greenhouse gas emissions well past 2050 (S. J. Davis, Caldeira, & Matthews, 2010). The building and construction sector alone is responsible for 10-40% of coun ...
RASSEGNA STAMPA PRESS REVIEW
... Aurora D'Aprile It’s amazing when digital technologies and participatory processes combine to advance solutions to global challenges. At ICCG we experienced a small taste of such potential during the annual contest dedicated to bottom-up, innovative ideas to address climate change. The IC ...
... Aurora D'Aprile It’s amazing when digital technologies and participatory processes combine to advance solutions to global challenges. At ICCG we experienced a small taste of such potential during the annual contest dedicated to bottom-up, innovative ideas to address climate change. The IC ...
North Pacific Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing in the
... longer, allowing the climate system to recover. In this paper, we focus on the coupled GCMs’ responses during the first and last several decades of the 100-yr hosing period. Although it takes longer than 100 years for the global thermohaline circulation to equilibrate with the freshwater forcing, th ...
... longer, allowing the climate system to recover. In this paper, we focus on the coupled GCMs’ responses during the first and last several decades of the 100-yr hosing period. Although it takes longer than 100 years for the global thermohaline circulation to equilibrate with the freshwater forcing, th ...
Climate Induced Migration - The International Journal of Climate
... Neoclassical migration theory emphasizes economic betterment as the main factor in migration decisions. But the reality of migration may be that the migrant faces such different circumstances on arrival that they find integration difficult. Their economic circumstances may improve but their housing, ...
... Neoclassical migration theory emphasizes economic betterment as the main factor in migration decisions. But the reality of migration may be that the migrant faces such different circumstances on arrival that they find integration difficult. Their economic circumstances may improve but their housing, ...
Protecting People Displaced by Weather
... As early as 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that one of the most significant impacts of climate change could be on human mobility.5 Since then, understanding of the various ways in which climate change and its environmental effects impact human movement has subst ...
... As early as 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that one of the most significant impacts of climate change could be on human mobility.5 Since then, understanding of the various ways in which climate change and its environmental effects impact human movement has subst ...
using sustainable land management practices to adapt to and
... Africa and will challenge farmers and communities to make changes to production systems and protect natural assets. Sustainable land management (SLM) strategies and practices can enable farmers and communities to become more resilient to climate change by increasing food production, conserving soil ...
... Africa and will challenge farmers and communities to make changes to production systems and protect natural assets. Sustainable land management (SLM) strategies and practices can enable farmers and communities to become more resilient to climate change by increasing food production, conserving soil ...
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![[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009873853_1-d2fc2e5a50e57e7f497f2a8b0bd99ac1-300x300.png)
[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]
... 2003, 2004 and 2005, along with 1998, were the warmest five years since the 1890s, with 2005 being the warmest year in over a century. Scientific Facts and Projections: ...
... 2003, 2004 and 2005, along with 1998, were the warmest five years since the 1890s, with 2005 being the warmest year in over a century. Scientific Facts and Projections: ...
The importance of glacier and forest change in hydrological climate
... to climatic change, i.e., to increases and decreases in temperature. Moreover, Tinner and Kaltenrieder (2005) demonstrated that, during the Holocene, “[. . . ] vegetation was in dynamic equilibrium with climate, [and] forecasted global warming may trigger rapid upslope movements of the tree line of ...
... to climatic change, i.e., to increases and decreases in temperature. Moreover, Tinner and Kaltenrieder (2005) demonstrated that, during the Holocene, “[. . . ] vegetation was in dynamic equilibrium with climate, [and] forecasted global warming may trigger rapid upslope movements of the tree line of ...
Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America:
... Carbon and Climatic Change Relationships between global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and various human activities have been examined in detail by IPCC (2001). Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have increased over the past 150 years, from a pre-industrial mean concentration of ...
... Carbon and Climatic Change Relationships between global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and various human activities have been examined in detail by IPCC (2001). Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have increased over the past 150 years, from a pre-industrial mean concentration of ...
Download country chapter
... low-lying small islands, important adaptation issues include sea level rise, drought, flooding, saltwater intrusion and coastal erosion. Subsequent identified concerns include agricultural productivity (e.g. saltwater intrusion decreasing fruit tree yields) and increasing damage to productive land a ...
... low-lying small islands, important adaptation issues include sea level rise, drought, flooding, saltwater intrusion and coastal erosion. Subsequent identified concerns include agricultural productivity (e.g. saltwater intrusion decreasing fruit tree yields) and increasing damage to productive land a ...
Climate Role Play
... experts on the UN Climate Panel, IPCC1, are in agreement that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is gradually increasing – which, in turn, leads to higher temperatures. In the opinion of the Climate Panel a rising average temperature leads to more extreme weather conditions wher ...
... experts on the UN Climate Panel, IPCC1, are in agreement that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is gradually increasing – which, in turn, leads to higher temperatures. In the opinion of the Climate Panel a rising average temperature leads to more extreme weather conditions wher ...
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
... At Marrakech Parties did not succeed to attain consent in relation to legal character of the mode of observance of obligations, in particular in relation to that, whether must be statutory normative approvals for non-fulfillment by the countries of the obligations. The decision-making this is carrie ...
... At Marrakech Parties did not succeed to attain consent in relation to legal character of the mode of observance of obligations, in particular in relation to that, whether must be statutory normative approvals for non-fulfillment by the countries of the obligations. The decision-making this is carrie ...
Land Cover Land Use Change and Soil Organic Carbon Under
... classification model runs. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by ...
... classification model runs. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""