ECOSYSTEM-BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE
... As a result, ecosystem-based adaptation can contribute in increasing resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change effects (A. Colls, 2009). First, it contributes to climate change mitigation, defined by the IPCC as an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks o ...
... As a result, ecosystem-based adaptation can contribute in increasing resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change effects (A. Colls, 2009). First, it contributes to climate change mitigation, defined by the IPCC as an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks o ...
Document
... Real Reductions – Activity must be lower aggregate emissions from an agreed-upon baseline emissions level in the past Permanence – Activity cannot be easily undone (efficiency upgrades, reforestation projects) Quantifiability and Verifiability – Detailed monitoring and verification plan specific to ...
... Real Reductions – Activity must be lower aggregate emissions from an agreed-upon baseline emissions level in the past Permanence – Activity cannot be easily undone (efficiency upgrades, reforestation projects) Quantifiability and Verifiability – Detailed monitoring and verification plan specific to ...
Navigating Complexity
... Experts stress that migration in response to climate change is not a “good” or “bad” result; it can be either, or a mix, depending on context. There are likely to be those who benefit, those who do not, and those caught somewhere in between. One conception of this paradigm breaks outcomes into four ...
... Experts stress that migration in response to climate change is not a “good” or “bad” result; it can be either, or a mix, depending on context. There are likely to be those who benefit, those who do not, and those caught somewhere in between. One conception of this paradigm breaks outcomes into four ...
C - UBC Blogs
... a shower of dead leaves. But we all recognize that the breeze did not kill the leaves. ...
... a shower of dead leaves. But we all recognize that the breeze did not kill the leaves. ...
"migration with dignity": towards a new zealand response to climate
... displaced by climate change. In most cases, those who are forced to relocate will not fall within current protection frameworks. This gap at international law should be of particular concern to New Zealand, which is likely to face increasing migration demands from neighbouring Pacific Island countri ...
... displaced by climate change. In most cases, those who are forced to relocate will not fall within current protection frameworks. This gap at international law should be of particular concern to New Zealand, which is likely to face increasing migration demands from neighbouring Pacific Island countri ...
Northeast Regional Hub Vulnerability Assessment Final
... a relatively large portion of total plant production in the Northeast, as are perennial fruits such as apples, pears, blueberries, and cranberries. Farms in the Northeast are on average smaller than in many other parts of the country, and a greater percentage of these are operated by women than in t ...
... a relatively large portion of total plant production in the Northeast, as are perennial fruits such as apples, pears, blueberries, and cranberries. Farms in the Northeast are on average smaller than in many other parts of the country, and a greater percentage of these are operated by women than in t ...
MURARI LAL (INDIA), HIDEO HARASAWA (JAPAN), AND DANIEL
... 2080s over the land regions of Asia as a result of future increases in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Under the combined influence of greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosols, surface warming would be restricted to about 2.5°C in the 2050s and about 4°C in the 2080s. In general, projected ...
... 2080s over the land regions of Asia as a result of future increases in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Under the combined influence of greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosols, surface warming would be restricted to about 2.5°C in the 2050s and about 4°C in the 2080s. In general, projected ...
PDF Download
... production process is polluting: every period t a ow of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, denoted by Et , is released into the atmosphere. Emissions cause deterioration of the natural environment and global temperature increase, leading to a random occurrence of natural disasters. We assume that the ...
... production process is polluting: every period t a ow of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, denoted by Et , is released into the atmosphere. Emissions cause deterioration of the natural environment and global temperature increase, leading to a random occurrence of natural disasters. We assume that the ...
The Effect of Climate Change on the Variability of the Northern
... One noteworthy point is that HadGEM2-CC does not include interactive ozone chemistry because of limitations in computation time. A disadvantage of this is that CCMs tend to reproduce a better stratospheric mean state and variability than non-CCMs, as well as better tropospheric interannual variabili ...
... One noteworthy point is that HadGEM2-CC does not include interactive ozone chemistry because of limitations in computation time. A disadvantage of this is that CCMs tend to reproduce a better stratospheric mean state and variability than non-CCMs, as well as better tropospheric interannual variabili ...
Climate Change curriculum
... with an oli (chant). The oli sets a tone of respect and reverence for the elements as we seek to understand the changes to climate that are occurring all around us. Climate change is a complex topic that provides opportunities for students to explore many interrelationships, including the connection ...
... with an oli (chant). The oli sets a tone of respect and reverence for the elements as we seek to understand the changes to climate that are occurring all around us. Climate change is a complex topic that provides opportunities for students to explore many interrelationships, including the connection ...
2.1 Causes of Vulnerability Associated with Climate Change
... unanimous conclusion contained in the Report of Working Group I of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC Working Group Report predicts the future direction of the climate change trend will involve continuing physical changes, including warmer and more frequent hot days and night ...
... unanimous conclusion contained in the Report of Working Group I of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC Working Group Report predicts the future direction of the climate change trend will involve continuing physical changes, including warmer and more frequent hot days and night ...
analysis of land skin temperature using avhrr observations
... globe, because it is a function of soil and vegetation conditions. In general, emissivity is approximately 0.95–0.97 for vegetated areas and 0.8–0.95 for most of the bare soil areas. In addition, evident seasonality is observed at emissivity fields (JL03). Utilizing MODIS-based emissivity in the LST ...
... globe, because it is a function of soil and vegetation conditions. In general, emissivity is approximately 0.95–0.97 for vegetated areas and 0.8–0.95 for most of the bare soil areas. In addition, evident seasonality is observed at emissivity fields (JL03). Utilizing MODIS-based emissivity in the LST ...
Lake Victoria CC Readness brief No. 3 English
... the likelihood of short-run crop failures and long-run production declines. Although there might be gains in some crops in some regions of the world, the overall effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, threatening global food security (IFPRI, 2013). East Africa la ...
... the likelihood of short-run crop failures and long-run production declines. Although there might be gains in some crops in some regions of the world, the overall effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, threatening global food security (IFPRI, 2013). East Africa la ...
E1AH_Sample_Answers_Quiz_2
... and disagree on certain points; agreeing that the people of the world need to band together to fight climate change, but disagreeing on the specific methods of actually fighting it. As a denizen of high-tech Silicon Valley, I would disagree with Martinez’s point of view on the subject – technology i ...
... and disagree on certain points; agreeing that the people of the world need to band together to fight climate change, but disagreeing on the specific methods of actually fighting it. As a denizen of high-tech Silicon Valley, I would disagree with Martinez’s point of view on the subject – technology i ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
... calibrated SWAT model for the two scenarios. The trend analysis was done by Mann-Kendall test and its magnitude was estimated using the Theil-Sen approach. Change analysis of the projected climate and simulated flow was determined against a baseline period of 1980-2004 (for climate) and 1986-2015 (f ...
... calibrated SWAT model for the two scenarios. The trend analysis was done by Mann-Kendall test and its magnitude was estimated using the Theil-Sen approach. Change analysis of the projected climate and simulated flow was determined against a baseline period of 1980-2004 (for climate) and 1986-2015 (f ...
Report of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and
... Convention on Biological Diversity relevant to the interlinkages between biodiversity and climate change, as well as the relevant recommendations of the Convention Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice at its sixth meeting. The representative of the Executive Secretary al ...
... Convention on Biological Diversity relevant to the interlinkages between biodiversity and climate change, as well as the relevant recommendations of the Convention Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice at its sixth meeting. The representative of the Executive Secretary al ...
Evaporation at the Dead-Sea in the different synoptic systems and
... From these results it is clearly seen that the pan evaporation in Sdom shows highly significant increases (as we noticed in Fig. 2), while in Eilat the evaporation increases are only from the 1990s. Therefore, while comparing the 1995-2004 to the 1970-1994 there are no significant changes in the ev ...
... From these results it is clearly seen that the pan evaporation in Sdom shows highly significant increases (as we noticed in Fig. 2), while in Eilat the evaporation increases are only from the 1990s. Therefore, while comparing the 1995-2004 to the 1970-1994 there are no significant changes in the ev ...
the link between reducing deforestation and forest degradation and
... levels documented in the fossil record, scientists around the world agree that this is humaninduced, largely due to the burning of fossil fuels since the dawn of the industrial age, and we must act decisively and quickly to reverse this trend. Our climate change crisis demands that we systematically ...
... levels documented in the fossil record, scientists around the world agree that this is humaninduced, largely due to the burning of fossil fuels since the dawn of the industrial age, and we must act decisively and quickly to reverse this trend. Our climate change crisis demands that we systematically ...
Valuing National Security: Climate Change, the Military, and Society
... that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes toward addressing climate change as an urgent policy matter, and behave in ways that reduce energy use. Connecting climate ch ...
... that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes toward addressing climate change as an urgent policy matter, and behave in ways that reduce energy use. Connecting climate ch ...
Presents
... Hinkel et al. (2010) address the question of what will be both the potential and the residual impacts of sea-level rise on coastal countries of the EU27. The authors use the DIVA model to project the impacts of various sea-level rise and socio-economic scenarios on the countries first without any ad ...
... Hinkel et al. (2010) address the question of what will be both the potential and the residual impacts of sea-level rise on coastal countries of the EU27. The authors use the DIVA model to project the impacts of various sea-level rise and socio-economic scenarios on the countries first without any ad ...
Annual Transition Statement - Select Organisation
... 7. In terms of putting in place a plan to manage our transition to a low carbon economy and to meet our international and EU targets, a national mitigation plan will be submitted to Government for approval by June 2017 at the latest. The preparation of the plan is designed to be a ‘whole-of-governme ...
... 7. In terms of putting in place a plan to manage our transition to a low carbon economy and to meet our international and EU targets, a national mitigation plan will be submitted to Government for approval by June 2017 at the latest. The preparation of the plan is designed to be a ‘whole-of-governme ...
Future wave conditions at the German Baltic Sea Coast on
... model abbreviations at the end of this paper) from global climate simulations (ECHAM4/OPYC3, HadAM3H) provides no robust signal on the change of windiness for the Baltic Sea Basin, regarding the SRES scenarios A2 and B2. Moreover future wind conditions in RCM runs are highly depending on the forcing ...
... model abbreviations at the end of this paper) from global climate simulations (ECHAM4/OPYC3, HadAM3H) provides no robust signal on the change of windiness for the Baltic Sea Basin, regarding the SRES scenarios A2 and B2. Moreover future wind conditions in RCM runs are highly depending on the forcing ...
Combat vs. Climate - Institute for Policy Studies
... As the comparison of the budgets for traditional military force and for climate security make clear, climate change does not occupy space in the federal budget commensurate with the threat it poses to our security. Bringing our security policy in line with our security budget therefore requires adju ...
... As the comparison of the budgets for traditional military force and for climate security make clear, climate change does not occupy space in the federal budget commensurate with the threat it poses to our security. Bringing our security policy in line with our security budget therefore requires adju ...
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
... Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA ...
... Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""