After Paris: Fiscal, Macroeconomic, and Financial Implications of Climate Change
... deforestation) add another 5 billion tons of CO2, though their projected growth is slower than that of fossil fuels. Non-CO2 greenhouse gasses (GHGs) (such as methane and nitrogen oxides) increase current CO2-equivalent atmospheric concentrations to about 440 ppm. Ice core data indicate that concent ...
... deforestation) add another 5 billion tons of CO2, though their projected growth is slower than that of fossil fuels. Non-CO2 greenhouse gasses (GHGs) (such as methane and nitrogen oxides) increase current CO2-equivalent atmospheric concentrations to about 440 ppm. Ice core data indicate that concent ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... quantification of changes in the amount of water in the atmosphere, especially because satellite observational estimates are available for this quantity§. Held & Soden (2006) found a rate of increase in the amount of global-mean water vapor with respect to globalmean surface air temperature of 7.5%/ ...
... quantification of changes in the amount of water in the atmosphere, especially because satellite observational estimates are available for this quantity§. Held & Soden (2006) found a rate of increase in the amount of global-mean water vapor with respect to globalmean surface air temperature of 7.5%/ ...
PowerPoint-presentation
... A. Being able to live with and toward others, to recognize and show concern for other human beings, to engage in various forms of social interaction; to be able to imagine the situation of another. (Protecting this capability means protecting institutions that constitute and nourish such forms of af ...
... A. Being able to live with and toward others, to recognize and show concern for other human beings, to engage in various forms of social interaction; to be able to imagine the situation of another. (Protecting this capability means protecting institutions that constitute and nourish such forms of af ...
RIG chapter 2
... Science Information Network (CIESIN) provides this resource on the facts and issues surrounding the threat of ozone depletion. ...
... Science Information Network (CIESIN) provides this resource on the facts and issues surrounding the threat of ozone depletion. ...
SoE 08 Part 4.1 Atmos - Commissioner for Environmental
... cause of warming during the past several decades2. The IPCC states that “no known mode of internal variability leads to such widespread, near universal warming as has been observed in the past few decades”3, which leaves external factors, such as human activities, as the most likely causes of the wa ...
... cause of warming during the past several decades2. The IPCC states that “no known mode of internal variability leads to such widespread, near universal warming as has been observed in the past few decades”3, which leaves external factors, such as human activities, as the most likely causes of the wa ...
The integrated Earth system model version 1
... The starting point for the team’s development efforts was version 1.0 (now 1.1) of the CESM. CESM is a community code and may be downloaded from the Community Earth System Model Project (2014; URL in references). The CESM uses a flexible coupler that couples the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice comp ...
... The starting point for the team’s development efforts was version 1.0 (now 1.1) of the CESM. CESM is a community code and may be downloaded from the Community Earth System Model Project (2014; URL in references). The CESM uses a flexible coupler that couples the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice comp ...
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
... uncertainty. Forcing uncertainty is generally understood to be small in the case of well-mixed greenhouse gases10 that have well understood effects on the planet’s radiative balance. Uncertainties are larger for other types of anthropogenic forcing, including aerosol forcing and forcing from land-us ...
... uncertainty. Forcing uncertainty is generally understood to be small in the case of well-mixed greenhouse gases10 that have well understood effects on the planet’s radiative balance. Uncertainties are larger for other types of anthropogenic forcing, including aerosol forcing and forcing from land-us ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... ecological overshoot mean for urban political economy, and the effectiveness of grassroots urbanism as a response to it. The paper argues that given the pervasiveness of the ‘entrepreneurial thesis’ of urban management, alternatives to ‘growth’ as the objective of local economic development policy a ...
... ecological overshoot mean for urban political economy, and the effectiveness of grassroots urbanism as a response to it. The paper argues that given the pervasiveness of the ‘entrepreneurial thesis’ of urban management, alternatives to ‘growth’ as the objective of local economic development policy a ...
PDF
... Faso, Egypt, Kenya and South Africa. We examine how long-term profitability of 4,000 farms vary with local climate, such as temperature and precipitation. To better ascertain the impact of climate variables, the marginal impacts of unit changes in temperatures and precipitation on crop farming activ ...
... Faso, Egypt, Kenya and South Africa. We examine how long-term profitability of 4,000 farms vary with local climate, such as temperature and precipitation. To better ascertain the impact of climate variables, the marginal impacts of unit changes in temperatures and precipitation on crop farming activ ...
The MDGs have no relevance
... ‘MDGs provide focus, something for people to rally around, but like other management targets, they skew the efforts towards narrow targets.’ INGO Director, Male, Italy ...
... ‘MDGs provide focus, something for people to rally around, but like other management targets, they skew the efforts towards narrow targets.’ INGO Director, Male, Italy ...
Long-Term Climate Change Commitment and Reversibility: An EMIC Intercomparison Please share
... Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) participated in the intercomparison. Coordinated experiments include simulations of the climate of the past millennium and simulations of long-term future climate change, in addition to a set of idealized experiments. This paper discusses the fu ...
... Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) participated in the intercomparison. Coordinated experiments include simulations of the climate of the past millennium and simulations of long-term future climate change, in addition to a set of idealized experiments. This paper discusses the fu ...
East Riding of Yorkshire Council Climate Change Strategy
... north by 40km every decade for the next 50 years. This may have a significant impact on our coastal towns and the fisheries industry. Climate refugees from the southern countries of the EU may bring renewed pressure on housing, services and labour markets. Tourism could increase and infrastructure w ...
... north by 40km every decade for the next 50 years. This may have a significant impact on our coastal towns and the fisheries industry. Climate refugees from the southern countries of the EU may bring renewed pressure on housing, services and labour markets. Tourism could increase and infrastructure w ...
Inventory analysis
... • ISO: Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system ...
... • ISO: Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system ...
PDF
... R&D become less efficient in delivering agricultural output under warmer climate. In effect, rising temperatures become a drag on productivity growth (IPCC 2014). To represent uncertainty in future global population, income and change in global surface temperature we use SSP1-5 scenarios (IIASA 2015 ...
... R&D become less efficient in delivering agricultural output under warmer climate. In effect, rising temperatures become a drag on productivity growth (IPCC 2014). To represent uncertainty in future global population, income and change in global surface temperature we use SSP1-5 scenarios (IIASA 2015 ...
Preparing for worst case climate change scenarios
... Background and focus On request of Minister Jacqueline Cramer the 7th meeting of the VROM International Affairs Think Tank, scheduled for 8 July 2009, will address to the topic “Preparing for worst case climate change scenarios”. A number of developments have led to this decision. Up till now the la ...
... Background and focus On request of Minister Jacqueline Cramer the 7th meeting of the VROM International Affairs Think Tank, scheduled for 8 July 2009, will address to the topic “Preparing for worst case climate change scenarios”. A number of developments have led to this decision. Up till now the la ...
Managing the business risks and opportunities of a changing climate
... from a changing climate. Entergy, a Gulf coast energy provider, paid US $1.5 billion to put its system back together after damage inflicted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Since that time, Entergy has worked with Swiss Re to assess the corporation’s asset exposure to wind-related damage, sea-level r ...
... from a changing climate. Entergy, a Gulf coast energy provider, paid US $1.5 billion to put its system back together after damage inflicted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Since that time, Entergy has worked with Swiss Re to assess the corporation’s asset exposure to wind-related damage, sea-level r ...
Carbon Dynamics in the Future Forest: the Importance
... C A R B O N D Y N A M I C S I N T H E F U T U R E F O R E S T 3503 as a significant cause of increasing tree mortality (Van Mantgem et al., 2009). Climate projections for California, suggest little change in annual total precipitation, although there are discrepancies among models (Lenihan et al., ...
... C A R B O N D Y N A M I C S I N T H E F U T U R E F O R E S T 3503 as a significant cause of increasing tree mortality (Van Mantgem et al., 2009). Climate projections for California, suggest little change in annual total precipitation, although there are discrepancies among models (Lenihan et al., ...
Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation
... also inherently compete with deforestation reduction options for funds. Forest management has been proposed as a global warming response option, but the assignment of any value to time makes this unattractive in terms of carbon benefits. However, reduced-impact logging can substantially reduce emiss ...
... also inherently compete with deforestation reduction options for funds. Forest management has been proposed as a global warming response option, but the assignment of any value to time makes this unattractive in terms of carbon benefits. However, reduced-impact logging can substantially reduce emiss ...
Dietz et al. 2007. Support for CC Policy
... knowledge about the causes of global warming did predict people’s behavioral intentions. Individuals who are misinformed about the causes of climate change are unlikely to support policies or take the right actions to reduce the burning of fossil fuels. We also consider the amount of information ind ...
... knowledge about the causes of global warming did predict people’s behavioral intentions. Individuals who are misinformed about the causes of climate change are unlikely to support policies or take the right actions to reduce the burning of fossil fuels. We also consider the amount of information ind ...
World Meteorological Organization
... world should be increased and strengthened to provide data on rainfall intensities, soil temperature and soil moisture for land degradation monitoring, assessment and for the implementation of the NAPs. Climatological and hydrological end products should be developed in coordination with end user ne ...
... world should be increased and strengthened to provide data on rainfall intensities, soil temperature and soil moisture for land degradation monitoring, assessment and for the implementation of the NAPs. Climatological and hydrological end products should be developed in coordination with end user ne ...
Climate in the 21st century - four scenarios for
... Climate models differ considerably in their calculation of global temperature rise. This is caused by uncertainty regarding future emissions of greenhouse gasses and aerosols, which, in turn, depend on such factors as future population growth, and economic, social and technological developments. Bes ...
... Climate models differ considerably in their calculation of global temperature rise. This is caused by uncertainty regarding future emissions of greenhouse gasses and aerosols, which, in turn, depend on such factors as future population growth, and economic, social and technological developments. Bes ...
2.3 Climate Scenarios
... • Assuming future climate may be repeated as climate in a specified period in the past. ...
... • Assuming future climate may be repeated as climate in a specified period in the past. ...
Understanding complexity in savannas: climate, biodiversity and
... Understanding complexity in savannas: climate, biodiversity and people Rob Marchant Savannas are the most extensive biome in the tropics. These extremely dynamic coupled socio-ecological ecosystems are shaped by a long history of interaction with humans, fire, climate and wildlife, particularly herb ...
... Understanding complexity in savannas: climate, biodiversity and people Rob Marchant Savannas are the most extensive biome in the tropics. These extremely dynamic coupled socio-ecological ecosystems are shaped by a long history of interaction with humans, fire, climate and wildlife, particularly herb ...
Cash transfer programs in sub-Saharan Africa: measuring the impact on climate change adaptation
... However, we would expect these programs to have impacts on the economic livelihoods of beneficiaries as well, and help protect those most vulnerable to climate risks, with low levels of adaptive capacity. Cash transfers influence the livelihood strategies of the poor, who in rural areas often depend ...
... However, we would expect these programs to have impacts on the economic livelihoods of beneficiaries as well, and help protect those most vulnerable to climate risks, with low levels of adaptive capacity. Cash transfers influence the livelihood strategies of the poor, who in rural areas often depend ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""