2. Low Carbon Cities – The National Context
... In response to the findings of the IPCC’s 2nd Assessment Report and supported by recommendations from the NCCC, the South African Government ratified the UNFCCC in August 1997. The 3rd IPCC Assessment Report in 2001 gave further scientific certainty that climate change was indeed largely caused by h ...
... In response to the findings of the IPCC’s 2nd Assessment Report and supported by recommendations from the NCCC, the South African Government ratified the UNFCCC in August 1997. The 3rd IPCC Assessment Report in 2001 gave further scientific certainty that climate change was indeed largely caused by h ...
PDF
... In 2007, the World Economic Forum (WEF) highlighted climate change as one of the main themes of the 21stcentury, and suggested it may have undesired effects on economic growth. Results from an International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) study predicts increasing temperatures will lead to an increas ...
... In 2007, the World Economic Forum (WEF) highlighted climate change as one of the main themes of the 21stcentury, and suggested it may have undesired effects on economic growth. Results from an International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) study predicts increasing temperatures will lead to an increas ...
The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
... An illustration of the importance of the greenhouse effect comes from a study of our neighbouring planets, most particularly Venus (Table 1). Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth but much more reflective. As shown in Figure 1, its planetary temperature, calculated solely on the basis of its distanc ...
... An illustration of the importance of the greenhouse effect comes from a study of our neighbouring planets, most particularly Venus (Table 1). Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth but much more reflective. As shown in Figure 1, its planetary temperature, calculated solely on the basis of its distanc ...
II. Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation
... approximately 750Gt in the atmosphere. Furthermore, in reference to Article 2, 3/ well-functioning ecosystems have greater resilience to climate change which will aid in their natural adaptation, and contribute to the assurance of long-term sustainable development under changing climatic conditions. ...
... approximately 750Gt in the atmosphere. Furthermore, in reference to Article 2, 3/ well-functioning ecosystems have greater resilience to climate change which will aid in their natural adaptation, and contribute to the assurance of long-term sustainable development under changing climatic conditions. ...
OPEN CLIMATE LETTER TO UN SECRETARY
... Some scientists point out that near-term natural cooling, linked to variations in solar output, is also a distinct possibility. The “even larger climate shocks” you have mentioned would be worse if the world cooled than if it warmed. Climate changes naturally all the time, sometimes dramatically. Th ...
... Some scientists point out that near-term natural cooling, linked to variations in solar output, is also a distinct possibility. The “even larger climate shocks” you have mentioned would be worse if the world cooled than if it warmed. Climate changes naturally all the time, sometimes dramatically. Th ...
Scientists - Environmental Defense Fund
... Counsel for amici curiae scientists hereby certifies, pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 29(d), that it is not practicable for these scientists to file a joint amicus brief with the other amici supporting petitioners and that it is thus necessary for the scientists to file a separate brief to state their ...
... Counsel for amici curiae scientists hereby certifies, pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 29(d), that it is not practicable for these scientists to file a joint amicus brief with the other amici supporting petitioners and that it is thus necessary for the scientists to file a separate brief to state their ...
A climate change perspective
... the communities that depend on fisheries. The effect of sea level rise means that coastal fishing communities are vulnerable and are in the front line of the deleterious effects of climate change. Changing seawater temperature and current flows are likely to cause shifts in the distribution of marin ...
... the communities that depend on fisheries. The effect of sea level rise means that coastal fishing communities are vulnerable and are in the front line of the deleterious effects of climate change. Changing seawater temperature and current flows are likely to cause shifts in the distribution of marin ...
Day 18
... • Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements - Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past climate - Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric ...
... • Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements - Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past climate - Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric ...
Carbon the Element
... Carbon and the Hydrosphere The upper portion of the ocean is known as the “mixed layer” of the oceans. It ranges from the surface to 75 m water depth (below the surface). The mixed layer is where most life exists in the oceans and includes marine plants that use carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthes ...
... Carbon and the Hydrosphere The upper portion of the ocean is known as the “mixed layer” of the oceans. It ranges from the surface to 75 m water depth (below the surface). The mixed layer is where most life exists in the oceans and includes marine plants that use carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthes ...
Climate change and plant invasions: restoration opportunities ahead?
... ecosystems worldwide. They are increasingly expensive to control (Pimentel et al., 2000) and have become a major component of global change (Vitousek et al., 1996). Global climate change is expected to further expand the risk of plant invasion through ecosystem disturbance and enhanced competitivene ...
... ecosystems worldwide. They are increasingly expensive to control (Pimentel et al., 2000) and have become a major component of global change (Vitousek et al., 1996). Global climate change is expected to further expand the risk of plant invasion through ecosystem disturbance and enhanced competitivene ...
After years of large empty promises among rich countries, the
... After years of largely empty promises among rich countries regarding global climate change, the climate for serious policy action is rapidly heating up. In the United States, the candidates in the 2008 presidential election agreed on the need for new measures—a domestic cap-and-trade program at a mi ...
... After years of largely empty promises among rich countries regarding global climate change, the climate for serious policy action is rapidly heating up. In the United States, the candidates in the 2008 presidential election agreed on the need for new measures—a domestic cap-and-trade program at a mi ...
GPI Atlantic National Round Table on the Environment and
... • NS forests store 107 mill tonnes carbon, avoiding $2.2 billion in climate change damage costs • But increased cutting, and loss of old growth and mature forests in NS since 1958, drastically reduced NS carbon storage capacity by 38%, costing estimated $1.3 billion in lost value. • Based on the 195 ...
... • NS forests store 107 mill tonnes carbon, avoiding $2.2 billion in climate change damage costs • But increased cutting, and loss of old growth and mature forests in NS since 1958, drastically reduced NS carbon storage capacity by 38%, costing estimated $1.3 billion in lost value. • Based on the 195 ...
NRW letter to LPA`s re TAN15
... location of development within a flood risk area. The CPO letter affirms that highly vulnerable development (e.g. housing) should not be permitted or allocated in Zone C2. The CPO letter also states that your authority should be able to identify how a proposed development meets tests i, ii, and iii ...
... location of development within a flood risk area. The CPO letter affirms that highly vulnerable development (e.g. housing) should not be permitted or allocated in Zone C2. The CPO letter also states that your authority should be able to identify how a proposed development meets tests i, ii, and iii ...
5.Temperature stress and plant sexual reproduction
... early-spring [17–19]. Indeed, for biological and agricultural systems, the timing and frequency of extreme temperature events could be more important than the increase in mean temperatures [16]. Likewise, the most recent best estimates of global average surface air warming range from 1.8 8C for the ...
... early-spring [17–19]. Indeed, for biological and agricultural systems, the timing and frequency of extreme temperature events could be more important than the increase in mean temperatures [16]. Likewise, the most recent best estimates of global average surface air warming range from 1.8 8C for the ...
Print this article
... First, we reconstruct fossil diatom and chironomid assemblages spanning the last several centuries of environmental change. In the Andes, diatom assemblages have been shown to respond sensitively to recent climatic change (Michelutti et al., 2015a, 2015b), but far less research has been done on the ...
... First, we reconstruct fossil diatom and chironomid assemblages spanning the last several centuries of environmental change. In the Andes, diatom assemblages have been shown to respond sensitively to recent climatic change (Michelutti et al., 2015a, 2015b), but far less research has been done on the ...
The Climate Change Issue: Beyond the `True` or `Not True`
... analysis should reconsider the very division between reality and representation, if only because technological acceleration has made the representation of science (in the media, for instance) into the dominant reality. This complication of the division between reality and representation hence sugges ...
... analysis should reconsider the very division between reality and representation, if only because technological acceleration has made the representation of science (in the media, for instance) into the dominant reality. This complication of the division between reality and representation hence sugges ...
StudyQuestions4
... 2. What are the major damaging effects of tropical storms (including hurricanes/typhoons)? What were some of the impacts of Sandy in 2012? What were some of the impacts of Hurricane Joaquin in 2015? 3. What impacts and costs can a major drought have? 4. Describe the relationship between flood size ...
... 2. What are the major damaging effects of tropical storms (including hurricanes/typhoons)? What were some of the impacts of Sandy in 2012? What were some of the impacts of Hurricane Joaquin in 2015? 3. What impacts and costs can a major drought have? 4. Describe the relationship between flood size ...
The EU and Strategies for New Climate Treaty Negotiations
... treaty. Consisting of seven sections, the policy analysis is presented in the following order. First, lessons are drawn from past cooperation and negotiations between the Western European countries and the United States concerning the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the M ...
... treaty. Consisting of seven sections, the policy analysis is presented in the following order. First, lessons are drawn from past cooperation and negotiations between the Western European countries and the United States concerning the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the M ...
The Kyoto Protocol, Citizens` Suits under the Clean Air Act, and the
... absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and do so at increasing rates relative to the concentration of the gas in the air.3" However, the absorptive power of oceans, trees, and plantlife stabilizes once carbon dioxide emission levels surpass the rate at which it can be absorbed.3 2 Scientists esti ...
... absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and do so at increasing rates relative to the concentration of the gas in the air.3" However, the absorptive power of oceans, trees, and plantlife stabilizes once carbon dioxide emission levels surpass the rate at which it can be absorbed.3 2 Scientists esti ...
PDF - unu-wider - United Nations University
... Agriculture and food security may face even greater difficulties under climate change. Despite some existing uncertainties, increasing evidence indicates that the earth’s climate is experiencing significant changes. According to projections (FAO 2009a), due to continued and rising global warming, by ...
... Agriculture and food security may face even greater difficulties under climate change. Despite some existing uncertainties, increasing evidence indicates that the earth’s climate is experiencing significant changes. According to projections (FAO 2009a), due to continued and rising global warming, by ...
Assessing the effects of climate and volcanism on diatom and
... First, we reconstruct fossil diatom and chironomid assemblages spanning the last several centuries of environmental change. In the Andes, diatom assemblages have been shown to respond sensitively to recent climatic change (Michelutti et al., 2015a, 2015b), but far less research has been done on the ...
... First, we reconstruct fossil diatom and chironomid assemblages spanning the last several centuries of environmental change. In the Andes, diatom assemblages have been shown to respond sensitively to recent climatic change (Michelutti et al., 2015a, 2015b), but far less research has been done on the ...
CBIS` Perspective on Fossil Fuel Divestment
... fuel by cars, trucks, ships, trains and airplanes. Electricity production generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions, the majority of which comes from burning fossil fuels. Addressing these key economic sectors in a comprehensive manner may have a greater impact than focusing solely on ...
... fuel by cars, trucks, ships, trains and airplanes. Electricity production generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions, the majority of which comes from burning fossil fuels. Addressing these key economic sectors in a comprehensive manner may have a greater impact than focusing solely on ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... quantification of changes in the amount of water in the atmosphere, especially because satellite observational estimates are available for this quantity§. Held & Soden (2006) found a rate of increase in the amount of global-mean water vapor with respect to globalmean surface air temperature of 7.5%/ ...
... quantification of changes in the amount of water in the atmosphere, especially because satellite observational estimates are available for this quantity§. Held & Soden (2006) found a rate of increase in the amount of global-mean water vapor with respect to globalmean surface air temperature of 7.5%/ ...
RIG chapter 2
... Science Information Network (CIESIN) provides this resource on the facts and issues surrounding the threat of ozone depletion. ...
... Science Information Network (CIESIN) provides this resource on the facts and issues surrounding the threat of ozone depletion. ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... ecological overshoot mean for urban political economy, and the effectiveness of grassroots urbanism as a response to it. The paper argues that given the pervasiveness of the ‘entrepreneurial thesis’ of urban management, alternatives to ‘growth’ as the objective of local economic development policy a ...
... ecological overshoot mean for urban political economy, and the effectiveness of grassroots urbanism as a response to it. The paper argues that given the pervasiveness of the ‘entrepreneurial thesis’ of urban management, alternatives to ‘growth’ as the objective of local economic development policy a ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""