Introduction to atmospheric aerosols
... provide a surface on which chlorine can react with ozone more rapidly. In other words, atmospheric aerosols can make chlorine more effective at destroying ozone. ...
... provide a surface on which chlorine can react with ozone more rapidly. In other words, atmospheric aerosols can make chlorine more effective at destroying ozone. ...
Evolution in response to climate change
... Evidence for climate change driven evolution requires genetic proof Evolution is refers to a genetic change in a population over generations. Genetic changes can be caused by migration, mutation, genetic drift or selection, of which only the latter can be considered as adaptive, in situ evolution. H ...
... Evidence for climate change driven evolution requires genetic proof Evolution is refers to a genetic change in a population over generations. Genetic changes can be caused by migration, mutation, genetic drift or selection, of which only the latter can be considered as adaptive, in situ evolution. H ...
Forest growth and species distribution in a changing climate
... ecosystems, it is necessary to investigate the response to simultaneous changes in several climatic variables, such as temperature, water availability, and ambient CO2 concentrations. Forest growth can respond to climate change directly, e.g., changes in rates of photosynthesis and respiration in re ...
... ecosystems, it is necessary to investigate the response to simultaneous changes in several climatic variables, such as temperature, water availability, and ambient CO2 concentrations. Forest growth can respond to climate change directly, e.g., changes in rates of photosynthesis and respiration in re ...
Multi-model trends in the Sahara induced by increasing CO2
... chosen for analysis here based on their ability to simulate a reasonable dry modern climatology in the Sahara Desert (including the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) [Washington et al., 2000] analyzed earlier in Liu 2001) and are compared with observational data. In the scenario of CO2 increasing one per ...
... chosen for analysis here based on their ability to simulate a reasonable dry modern climatology in the Sahara Desert (including the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) [Washington et al., 2000] analyzed earlier in Liu 2001) and are compared with observational data. In the scenario of CO2 increasing one per ...
The “Business-As-Usual” growth of global primary energy use and
... to historic norms, global energy use and CO2 emissions must follow a Business-AsUsual (BAU) trajectory. Furthermore, since there is clear evidence for significant inertia in the evolution of the global energy system and in the absence of further novel interventions, then BAU must also provide the mo ...
... to historic norms, global energy use and CO2 emissions must follow a Business-AsUsual (BAU) trajectory. Furthermore, since there is clear evidence for significant inertia in the evolution of the global energy system and in the absence of further novel interventions, then BAU must also provide the mo ...
A normative account of dangerous climate change
... won’t understand the dangers. Not paying attention to scientists in this case would be like not listening to a doctor’s assessment prior to arduous mountain climbing. If you want to know whether mountain climbing is especially dangerous for you, given your medical condition, it makes good sense to l ...
... won’t understand the dangers. Not paying attention to scientists in this case would be like not listening to a doctor’s assessment prior to arduous mountain climbing. If you want to know whether mountain climbing is especially dangerous for you, given your medical condition, it makes good sense to l ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in water hazard assessments using regional
... planners……It is becoming apparent, however, that downscaling also has serious practical limitations, especially where the meteorological data needed for model calibration may be of dubious quality or patchy, the links between regional and local climate are poorly understood or resolved, and where te ...
... planners……It is becoming apparent, however, that downscaling also has serious practical limitations, especially where the meteorological data needed for model calibration may be of dubious quality or patchy, the links between regional and local climate are poorly understood or resolved, and where te ...
... (2009, 2010), Soares and Marengo (2009), Urrutia and Viulle (2009), Sӧrensson et al. (2010), and Cabré et al. (2010, 2014) for SRES A2 and SRES B2; Marengo et al. (2012), Franchito et al. (2014), and Reboita et al. (2014) for A1B; and Teichmann et al. (2013), Chou et al. (2014) for the new set of sc ...
CARBON NEUTRALITY BY 2020:
... however, no other time has changed the debate like this past year. In 12 short months global warming has come to dominate the national conversation and the vast majority of Americans are no longer wondering whether human activities are driving global warming. Instead, they are wondering how severe t ...
... however, no other time has changed the debate like this past year. In 12 short months global warming has come to dominate the national conversation and the vast majority of Americans are no longer wondering whether human activities are driving global warming. Instead, they are wondering how severe t ...
IPCC Expert Meeting on Assessing and Combining Multi Model Climate Projections
... Compared to CMIP3, the number of models and model versions may increase in CMIP5. Some groups may submit multiple models or versions of the same model with different parameter settings and with different model components included. For example, some but not all of the new models will include interact ...
... Compared to CMIP3, the number of models and model versions may increase in CMIP5. Some groups may submit multiple models or versions of the same model with different parameter settings and with different model components included. For example, some but not all of the new models will include interact ...
PDF
... example, if a farmer has crop failures for a year or two as he learns about a new crop, this transition cost is not reflected in the analysis. Similarly, if the farmer makes the decision to move to a new crop suddenly, the model does not capture the cost of decommissioning capital equipment prematur ...
... example, if a farmer has crop failures for a year or two as he learns about a new crop, this transition cost is not reflected in the analysis. Similarly, if the farmer makes the decision to move to a new crop suddenly, the model does not capture the cost of decommissioning capital equipment prematur ...
Proceedings WARMING UP SEMINAR
... in water management like the effort to mitigate fires and reverse land degradation in peat land areas, whereas water tables must be kept close to the surface level. Capacity building of the local stakeholders is inevitable in implanting the shift into actions. Points to ponder: Water sector policy o ...
... in water management like the effort to mitigate fires and reverse land degradation in peat land areas, whereas water tables must be kept close to the surface level. Capacity building of the local stakeholders is inevitable in implanting the shift into actions. Points to ponder: Water sector policy o ...
'A spaciotemporal analysis of U.S. station temperature trends over the last century
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania Agricultural Systems
... north western, the Lake Victoria basin and the northern part of the coastal belt may experience an increase in rainfall for both the short and long rainy seasons ranging from 5 to 45% while areas ...
... north western, the Lake Victoria basin and the northern part of the coastal belt may experience an increase in rainfall for both the short and long rainy seasons ranging from 5 to 45% while areas ...
Climate Change and the Emergence of New Organizational
... total annual growth in global CO2 emissions. Carbon emissions dropped during 2008 mainly due to the global financial crisis but only for one year. Despite several policy measures to curb emissions, such as emissions trading, carbon taxes and green investment schemes, carbon emissions have continued ...
... total annual growth in global CO2 emissions. Carbon emissions dropped during 2008 mainly due to the global financial crisis but only for one year. Despite several policy measures to curb emissions, such as emissions trading, carbon taxes and green investment schemes, carbon emissions have continued ...
Impact of climate change on the timing of strawberry phenological
... A wide range of indices have been proposed for the definition and quantification of the growing season length. They can be derived directly from meteorological events (e.g. frost-free days) or related to phenology or the hydrological cycle (Christidis et al. 2007). The impact of climate change on th ...
... A wide range of indices have been proposed for the definition and quantification of the growing season length. They can be derived directly from meteorological events (e.g. frost-free days) or related to phenology or the hydrological cycle (Christidis et al. 2007). The impact of climate change on th ...
Product User Guide Version 4 (PUGv4) for the XCO2 - GHG-CCI
... clouds and aerosols. This information is transferred to the CO2 absorption band at 1580 nm by simultaneously fitting the spectra measured in both spectral regions. The explicit consideration of scattering by this approach reduces potential systematic biases due to clouds or aerosols. More details on ...
... clouds and aerosols. This information is transferred to the CO2 absorption band at 1580 nm by simultaneously fitting the spectra measured in both spectral regions. The explicit consideration of scattering by this approach reduces potential systematic biases due to clouds or aerosols. More details on ...
Risks, opportunities, and adaptation to climate change
... average precipitation over land has increased 1% during the 20th century, and average sea level has risen 10 to 25 cm (IPCC 1996a). The character of rainfall also may be changing. For example, the area of the United States that has been affected by extreme rainfall events (i.e. at least 5 cm d–1) ha ...
... average precipitation over land has increased 1% during the 20th century, and average sea level has risen 10 to 25 cm (IPCC 1996a). The character of rainfall also may be changing. For example, the area of the United States that has been affected by extreme rainfall events (i.e. at least 5 cm d–1) ha ...
PDF
... The implementation of a carbon tax (or any other meaningful climate policy instrument) will increase the cost of consuming energy and could adversely affect the competitiveness of energy‐ intensive industries. This competitiveness effect can result in negative e ...
... The implementation of a carbon tax (or any other meaningful climate policy instrument) will increase the cost of consuming energy and could adversely affect the competitiveness of energy‐ intensive industries. This competitiveness effect can result in negative e ...
ALAP_2014_FINAL120 - Asociación Latinoamericana de
... The SSP Scenario Framework and what it implies for Latin America and the Caribbean As discussed by Arnell et al. (2011) the SSPs were designed to include both a qualitative narrative component and a quantitative one describing the development of certain socioeconomic drivers of climate change numer ...
... The SSP Scenario Framework and what it implies for Latin America and the Caribbean As discussed by Arnell et al. (2011) the SSPs were designed to include both a qualitative narrative component and a quantitative one describing the development of certain socioeconomic drivers of climate change numer ...
Quaternary Vegetation Distribution
... (Carpinus), and other temperate woody taxa, with differences among sites likely reflecting interregional differences in Eemian climates. After the last interglacial ended, the proportion of treeless vegetation increased, with high pollen abundances of grass (Poaceae), sagebrush (Artemisia), chenopod ...
... (Carpinus), and other temperate woody taxa, with differences among sites likely reflecting interregional differences in Eemian climates. After the last interglacial ended, the proportion of treeless vegetation increased, with high pollen abundances of grass (Poaceae), sagebrush (Artemisia), chenopod ...
Manitoba`s Larger Emitters - International Institute for Sustainable
... Deadline extended to June 2015 ...
... Deadline extended to June 2015 ...
pdf - Framsenteret AS
... changing winter climate by means of results from experimental studies and analyses of natural events. Numerous tasks have been completed, or are being handled. This includes monitoring and modeling of snow and ice dynamics; compilation of information on natural events dating back to the 19th Century ...
... changing winter climate by means of results from experimental studies and analyses of natural events. Numerous tasks have been completed, or are being handled. This includes monitoring and modeling of snow and ice dynamics; compilation of information on natural events dating back to the 19th Century ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""