Long-term changes in climate and insect damage
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic si ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic si ...
El Niño – tracking a global climate phenomenon
... The El Niño phenomenon occurs every three to seven years when the water in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. ...
... The El Niño phenomenon occurs every three to seven years when the water in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. ...
Of Montreal and Kyoto: A Tale of Two Protocols
... reduction.22 Of course it is possible to question these numbers; the science does not allow uncontroversial point estimates here, and perhaps EPA had an interest in showing that the agreement was desirable. What matters, however, is the perception of domestic costs and benefits, and in the late 1980 ...
... reduction.22 Of course it is possible to question these numbers; the science does not allow uncontroversial point estimates here, and perhaps EPA had an interest in showing that the agreement was desirable. What matters, however, is the perception of domestic costs and benefits, and in the late 1980 ...
Peculiar phenomena regarding climatic and glacial variations on the
... around 2000 and upon topographical maps made before the 1970s (Table 1). As clearly shown in Table 1, glaciers in the region have experienced little change, with a reduction of 0.8% in area during the past 30 years, and the Malan ice cap has even expanded by 1.2%. The smaller changes in glacier area ...
... around 2000 and upon topographical maps made before the 1970s (Table 1). As clearly shown in Table 1, glaciers in the region have experienced little change, with a reduction of 0.8% in area during the past 30 years, and the Malan ice cap has even expanded by 1.2%. The smaller changes in glacier area ...
Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis
... marine conditions extending across broad areas of Earth’s surface, including tropical regions. These changes occurred before as well as after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the first point in the Broecker et al. (1985) argument, that Greenland ice-core data show the existence of abrupt climate chan ...
... marine conditions extending across broad areas of Earth’s surface, including tropical regions. These changes occurred before as well as after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the first point in the Broecker et al. (1985) argument, that Greenland ice-core data show the existence of abrupt climate chan ...
Sustainability of the Great Plains in an Uncertain Climate
... scientists point out that simulations based on expected greenhouse gas increases indicate a climate warming of 0.5-l.OO C per decade. This rate of change is ten times faster than ever experienced in human history! Not surprisingly, the threat has evoked both public and policy-maker notice, especiall ...
... scientists point out that simulations based on expected greenhouse gas increases indicate a climate warming of 0.5-l.OO C per decade. This rate of change is ten times faster than ever experienced in human history! Not surprisingly, the threat has evoked both public and policy-maker notice, especiall ...
Climate Change vs Soil Management
... soil is one of the important sources as well as sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs) causing global warming and climate change. It ...
... soil is one of the important sources as well as sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs) causing global warming and climate change. It ...
Climate change: the ultimate `tragedy of the commons`? Jouni
... sink services. Aquifers and fisheries have a relatively well-understood capacity to generate a flow of resource units. Watercourses, air basins and global atmospheric sinks have a comparable capacity to absorb pollutants which is replenished by natural processes. Atmospheric GHG sinks fulfil the fir ...
... sink services. Aquifers and fisheries have a relatively well-understood capacity to generate a flow of resource units. Watercourses, air basins and global atmospheric sinks have a comparable capacity to absorb pollutants which is replenished by natural processes. Atmospheric GHG sinks fulfil the fir ...
Combating Global Climate Change - University of Michigan Law
... would produce revenue that could be used to fund research and development of alternative energy and tax credits to offset any regressive effects of the carbon tax. Because a carbon tax could be implemented and become effective almost immediately, it would be a much quicker method of reducing greenho ...
... would produce revenue that could be used to fund research and development of alternative energy and tax credits to offset any regressive effects of the carbon tax. Because a carbon tax could be implemented and become effective almost immediately, it would be a much quicker method of reducing greenho ...
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world
... (Yesson et al., unpublished manuscript). We also predict that Fucus distichus will decline based on evidence of loss from its southern limit in the UK (Brodie et al. 2009). In parallel, an increase in the relative abundance of fast-growing “annuals”, such as Saccorhiza polyschides and Undaria pinnat ...
... (Yesson et al., unpublished manuscript). We also predict that Fucus distichus will decline based on evidence of loss from its southern limit in the UK (Brodie et al. 2009). In parallel, an increase in the relative abundance of fast-growing “annuals”, such as Saccorhiza polyschides and Undaria pinnat ...
Climate-Science Communication and the Measurement Problem
... her reasoning powers to apprehend what is known to science from two parallel perspectives simultaneously: a collective-knowledge-acquisition one, and a cultural-identity-protective one. Misapprehension of how these two forms of engaging information interact—variously reinforcing one another and canc ...
... her reasoning powers to apprehend what is known to science from two parallel perspectives simultaneously: a collective-knowledge-acquisition one, and a cultural-identity-protective one. Misapprehension of how these two forms of engaging information interact—variously reinforcing one another and canc ...
Land, Water, and Forests: - Global Environment Facility
... million people who depend on forest resources for their livelihood. The Basin also contains an enormous variety of biodiversity and vast quantities of carbon below and aboveground. The program will enable the affected nations in implementing programs that engage local populations, regional entities ...
... million people who depend on forest resources for their livelihood. The Basin also contains an enormous variety of biodiversity and vast quantities of carbon below and aboveground. The program will enable the affected nations in implementing programs that engage local populations, regional entities ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... We compare satellite-based LAI anomalies with LAI anomalies simulated by ten global ecosystem models driven by eCO2 (+46 ppm over the study period), climate, nitrogen deposition and LCC (Supplementary Section 7). Multi-Model Ensemble Mean (MMEM) LAI anomalies, with all these drivers considered, gene ...
... We compare satellite-based LAI anomalies with LAI anomalies simulated by ten global ecosystem models driven by eCO2 (+46 ppm over the study period), climate, nitrogen deposition and LCC (Supplementary Section 7). Multi-Model Ensemble Mean (MMEM) LAI anomalies, with all these drivers considered, gene ...
Agriculture and climate change: A prairie perspective
... substantive body of literature focusing upon climate change and agriculture, there continues to be a wide range of opinions regarding scenarios of future impacts. In the Prairies, for example, which is an agricultural area of significant global, national and regional importance, the most recent IPCC ...
... substantive body of literature focusing upon climate change and agriculture, there continues to be a wide range of opinions regarding scenarios of future impacts. In the Prairies, for example, which is an agricultural area of significant global, national and regional importance, the most recent IPCC ...
US re-engagement? -
... re-engage in the Kyoto Protocol process (Tamura, 2006). In 2002, almost a year after the US withdrawal, President Bush launched the federal US policy, The Global Climate Change Initiative. A comprehensive strategy on domestic voluntary measures based on three main elements; GHG emissions intensity t ...
... re-engage in the Kyoto Protocol process (Tamura, 2006). In 2002, almost a year after the US withdrawal, President Bush launched the federal US policy, The Global Climate Change Initiative. A comprehensive strategy on domestic voluntary measures based on three main elements; GHG emissions intensity t ...
Stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide via zero emissions—An
... a new CO2 mitigation strategy based on the Zstabilization pathway, we calculated climate projections for test case scenarios using a simplified climate system model.18) A brief description of the model and the values of parameters adopted in the present study are given in the Appendix. It should be n ...
... a new CO2 mitigation strategy based on the Zstabilization pathway, we calculated climate projections for test case scenarios using a simplified climate system model.18) A brief description of the model and the values of parameters adopted in the present study are given in the Appendix. It should be n ...
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change
... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The UNFCCC aims at reducing emissions of the gr ...
... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The UNFCCC aims at reducing emissions of the gr ...
Essentials of a Carbon Tax for Canada
... of emissions and should be easy to account for as well. Most fugitive emissions from fossil fuel production and distribution can be quantified with adequate accuracy and thus should be covered by the carbon tax. The same applies to process emissions which, combined with fugitive emissions, represent ...
... of emissions and should be easy to account for as well. Most fugitive emissions from fossil fuel production and distribution can be quantified with adequate accuracy and thus should be covered by the carbon tax. The same applies to process emissions which, combined with fugitive emissions, represent ...
Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change | US EPA
... We rely on three integrated assessment models (IAMs) commonly used to estimate the SCC: the FUND, DICE, and PAGE models.2 These models are frequently cited in the peer-reviewed literature and used in the IPCC assessment. Each model is given equal weight in the SCC values developed through this proce ...
... We rely on three integrated assessment models (IAMs) commonly used to estimate the SCC: the FUND, DICE, and PAGE models.2 These models are frequently cited in the peer-reviewed literature and used in the IPCC assessment. Each model is given equal weight in the SCC values developed through this proce ...
Strengthening southern Africa`s response to global change
... exclusively in the field of climate change; many of them are respected internationally. This is especially significant as our ...
... exclusively in the field of climate change; many of them are respected internationally. This is especially significant as our ...
Novel communities from climate change
... decreases in their body size. Numerous experiments have exposed organisms to increasing temperatures, and have shown decreases in species body size, including marine invertebrates, fish, beetles and salamanders, compared with controls ([13] and references therein). Both the rate and degree of shrink ...
... decreases in their body size. Numerous experiments have exposed organisms to increasing temperatures, and have shown decreases in species body size, including marine invertebrates, fish, beetles and salamanders, compared with controls ([13] and references therein). Both the rate and degree of shrink ...
Bringin Adaptation to Ground in British Columbia
... The climate is changing and affecting the natural world (IPCC 2007, 2013; Spittlehouse 2008; Heller & Zavaleta 2009; Rodenhuis et al. 2009; Pojar 2010; Morgan & Daust 2013). The IPCC (2013) 5th Assessment Report affirms that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal” and that “global water cycle ...
... The climate is changing and affecting the natural world (IPCC 2007, 2013; Spittlehouse 2008; Heller & Zavaleta 2009; Rodenhuis et al. 2009; Pojar 2010; Morgan & Daust 2013). The IPCC (2013) 5th Assessment Report affirms that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal” and that “global water cycle ...
Forest Service Chief`s Climate Change and Wilderness Briefing
... times (Keane et al. 2002). Adaptation strategies must include more resources and incentives for allowing fires to burn within or into wilderness, as well as consideration of prescribed burning and silvicultural treatments, even though these are actions that compromise the untrammeled quality of wild ...
... times (Keane et al. 2002). Adaptation strategies must include more resources and incentives for allowing fires to burn within or into wilderness, as well as consideration of prescribed burning and silvicultural treatments, even though these are actions that compromise the untrammeled quality of wild ...
Attribution of the record high Central England temperature of
... extends back to 1659 whilst the daily CET goes as far back as 1772. In 2014, the highest annual value for the CET was recorded in the 356 year long series. During the last 60 years there has been a rapid warming in the CET which is consistent with the anthropogenic influence on the climate (Karoly an ...
... extends back to 1659 whilst the daily CET goes as far back as 1772. In 2014, the highest annual value for the CET was recorded in the 356 year long series. During the last 60 years there has been a rapid warming in the CET which is consistent with the anthropogenic influence on the climate (Karoly an ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""